- Wiley Online Library
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... cells of the cholinergic LDT-PPT (46). In-vivo microdialysis of 5-HT agonists into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) decreased DRN levels of serotonin (presumably by 5-HT autoreceptors on DRN cells) which, in turn, increased REM sleep percentage (47). Mesopontine injection of a 5-HT agonist depressed A ...
... cells of the cholinergic LDT-PPT (46). In-vivo microdialysis of 5-HT agonists into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) decreased DRN levels of serotonin (presumably by 5-HT autoreceptors on DRN cells) which, in turn, increased REM sleep percentage (47). Mesopontine injection of a 5-HT agonist depressed A ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
Planarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple
... sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory information should be necessary to decide the appropriate behavior. Furthermore, integration of sensory information in this neural machinery is essential for choosing ...
... sometimes communicate directly with motor neurons; however, when animals are exposed to more complex stimuli, integration of sensory information should be necessary to decide the appropriate behavior. Furthermore, integration of sensory information in this neural machinery is essential for choosing ...
Read as PDF
... ganglion was generally pharmacologically isolated from the buccal ganglion and buccal mass. This isolation was accomplished when a subchamber was placed over the cerebral ganglion. This preparation was used to observe radula movements that occurred as a result of direct stimulation of motor neurons ...
... ganglion was generally pharmacologically isolated from the buccal ganglion and buccal mass. This isolation was accomplished when a subchamber was placed over the cerebral ganglion. This preparation was used to observe radula movements that occurred as a result of direct stimulation of motor neurons ...
Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
... the subject must identify the stimulus that has been paired with the cue (e.g., an umbrella). To perform correctly the subject must access their knowledge of the stimulus pairing at some time between when the cue is presented and the choice is made. Using the PA task, previous studies have shown tha ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently our laboratory became aware of a marine poison whose molecular action is well characterized but has escaped scrutiny by neuroscientists. We hypothesized that this toxin could provide insight as to how ischemia ...
... prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently our laboratory became aware of a marine poison whose molecular action is well characterized but has escaped scrutiny by neuroscientists. We hypothesized that this toxin could provide insight as to how ischemia ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... 54%, FoxO3 ‐ 71%. The functional domains of these genes was conserved to a far greater extent suggesting that the cellular functions of these genes is highly conserved. By in situ, we found that AptFoxP2 and AptOtx1 transcripts were expressed predominantly in DC; the dorsolateral pallium (DL) con ...
... 54%, FoxO3 ‐ 71%. The functional domains of these genes was conserved to a far greater extent suggesting that the cellular functions of these genes is highly conserved. By in situ, we found that AptFoxP2 and AptOtx1 transcripts were expressed predominantly in DC; the dorsolateral pallium (DL) con ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... The water maze task was performed as previously described.27 Before performing the water maze task, the mice were handled for a week. For initial characterization of Nf19a–/9a–mice, training consisted of 4 trials per day, divided in two sessions of two trials with a 1 h interval (Figure 1) or two tr ...
... The water maze task was performed as previously described.27 Before performing the water maze task, the mice were handled for a week. For initial characterization of Nf19a–/9a–mice, training consisted of 4 trials per day, divided in two sessions of two trials with a 1 h interval (Figure 1) or two tr ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
... Persistent firing is believed to be a crucial mechanism for memory function including working memory. Recent in vivo and in vitro findings suggest an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in persistent firing. Using whole-cell patch-recording techniques in a rat entorhinal cortex ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... used for data acquisition (HEKA Elektronik). PulseFit (HEKA Elektronik), Axograph (Axon instruments, Foster City, CA), and Igor Pro (WaveMetrics, Lake Oswego, OR) software were used for analysis. Both excitatory and inhibitory spontaneous postsynaptic currents were detected and measured with an algo ...
... used for data acquisition (HEKA Elektronik). PulseFit (HEKA Elektronik), Axograph (Axon instruments, Foster City, CA), and Igor Pro (WaveMetrics, Lake Oswego, OR) software were used for analysis. Both excitatory and inhibitory spontaneous postsynaptic currents were detected and measured with an algo ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... to be in close proximity to kisspeptin neurons [10,11] and pheromones have been shown to activate kisspeptin neurons in mice [12]. The product of the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin, is one neuropeptide that may provide a link between the olfactory system and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential f ...
... to be in close proximity to kisspeptin neurons [10,11] and pheromones have been shown to activate kisspeptin neurons in mice [12]. The product of the Kiss1 gene, kisspeptin, is one neuropeptide that may provide a link between the olfactory system and GnRH neurons. Kisspeptin signaling is essential f ...
A Critical Period of Sleep for Development of Courtship Circuitry and
... behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life. he ontogenetic hypothesis of sleep, proposed nearly 50 years ago, postulates that early developmental sleep is important for brain patterning (1) ...
... behavior critical for species propagation and suggest that rapidly growing regions of the brain are most susceptible to sleep perturbations early in life. he ontogenetic hypothesis of sleep, proposed nearly 50 years ago, postulates that early developmental sleep is important for brain patterning (1) ...
The architectural balance of the Ventral Nerve Cord depends
... organization by pan-axonal staining. In Triops the paired ganglia of each segment remained separated with somata-free commissures (Figure 1A, see also (Fritsch & Richter, 2010)), while in Drosophila well-structured commissures and prominent segmental and intersegmental nerves were apparent (Figure 1 ...
... organization by pan-axonal staining. In Triops the paired ganglia of each segment remained separated with somata-free commissures (Figure 1A, see also (Fritsch & Richter, 2010)), while in Drosophila well-structured commissures and prominent segmental and intersegmental nerves were apparent (Figure 1 ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... depolarization. Single-fiber EPSPs can also be analyzed for quanta1 fluctuations, thereby separating presynaptic effects from postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon a ...
... depolarization. Single-fiber EPSPs can also be analyzed for quanta1 fluctuations, thereby separating presynaptic effects from postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon a ...
Spinal sympathetic interneurons: Their identification and roles after
... from abnormally low, leading to bouts of hypotension, to abnormally high, leading to hypertensive crises (Mathias and Frankel, 1992). One characteristic upon which there appears to be little disagreement is that few, if any, spinal primary afferents synapse directly upon sympathetic preganglionic ne ...
... from abnormally low, leading to bouts of hypotension, to abnormally high, leading to hypertensive crises (Mathias and Frankel, 1992). One characteristic upon which there appears to be little disagreement is that few, if any, spinal primary afferents synapse directly upon sympathetic preganglionic ne ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... Fig. 1. Schematic representation of major synaptic connections in the thalamocortical network. Left: Ascending projections in the thalamocortical network depicting the lemniscal fibers to VPM and POm, and the thalamocortical fibers originating in those nuclei that give rise to primary and secondary ...
... Fig. 1. Schematic representation of major synaptic connections in the thalamocortical network. Left: Ascending projections in the thalamocortical network depicting the lemniscal fibers to VPM and POm, and the thalamocortical fibers originating in those nuclei that give rise to primary and secondary ...
Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine from the substantia
... with 1.0 ml of medium containing the appropriate concentration of d-amphetamine, centrifuged, and resuspended in 1.0 ml of the same medium. The tissue samples were then incubated as described above for 20 minutes. At the conclusion of the incubation period the samples were centrifuged and the releas ...
... with 1.0 ml of medium containing the appropriate concentration of d-amphetamine, centrifuged, and resuspended in 1.0 ml of the same medium. The tissue samples were then incubated as described above for 20 minutes. At the conclusion of the incubation period the samples were centrifuged and the releas ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... maze running can be detected in subsequent NREM sleep. Similar results in the hippocampus have also been reported during REM sleep in some studies [(15); but see (16)]. In addition, using different analytical techniques and methods, waking patterns of neuronal activity during sleep are reported in s ...
... maze running can be detected in subsequent NREM sleep. Similar results in the hippocampus have also been reported during REM sleep in some studies [(15); but see (16)]. In addition, using different analytical techniques and methods, waking patterns of neuronal activity during sleep are reported in s ...
Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Follicle
... lGnRH-III but not by mGnRH, whereas the axons in the median eminence were eliminated by lGnRH-III but only slightly reduced by absorption with mGnRH. Using an antiserum against cGnRH-II that visualized cGnRH-II neurons in the chicken hypothalamus, no such neurons could be visualized in the rat hypot ...
... lGnRH-III but not by mGnRH, whereas the axons in the median eminence were eliminated by lGnRH-III but only slightly reduced by absorption with mGnRH. Using an antiserum against cGnRH-II that visualized cGnRH-II neurons in the chicken hypothalamus, no such neurons could be visualized in the rat hypot ...
Different neurotrophins are expressed and act in a developmental
... raised the issue of whether similar correlations between target field innervation, neurotrophin synthesis and neuronal responsiveness exist for these more recently identified neurotrophins. This is especially pertinent as these neurotrophins, in contrast to NGF, have additional roles in neuronal dev ...
... raised the issue of whether similar correlations between target field innervation, neurotrophin synthesis and neuronal responsiveness exist for these more recently identified neurotrophins. This is especially pertinent as these neurotrophins, in contrast to NGF, have additional roles in neuronal dev ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... at dendro-dendritic synapses. Despite strong evidence to support this interpretation [23,24,26,55,69,72], this is not fully consistent with anatomical data given that dendro-dendritic synapses [77 –79] are absent in DA dendrite-rich SNr [78] and are relatively rare in SNc and VTA [78]. Moreover, Pic ...
... at dendro-dendritic synapses. Despite strong evidence to support this interpretation [23,24,26,55,69,72], this is not fully consistent with anatomical data given that dendro-dendritic synapses [77 –79] are absent in DA dendrite-rich SNr [78] and are relatively rare in SNc and VTA [78]. Moreover, Pic ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.