Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... to include a combination of morphology, electrophysiological properties and patterns of gene expression1,10. Nevertheless, the most basic schema is based on hodology, which has proved useful during the initial investigation of neuronal subtype development (BOX 2). How are these various projection ne ...
... to include a combination of morphology, electrophysiological properties and patterns of gene expression1,10. Nevertheless, the most basic schema is based on hodology, which has proved useful during the initial investigation of neuronal subtype development (BOX 2). How are these various projection ne ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... Which of the following is not true regarding a group of end bulbs which affect one post-synaptic site of another neuron: a. each causes a potential of 1mV b. they will be from endings of more than one axon c. only EPSP or IPSP types will be present d. both spatial and temporal methods will be utiliz ...
... Which of the following is not true regarding a group of end bulbs which affect one post-synaptic site of another neuron: a. each causes a potential of 1mV b. they will be from endings of more than one axon c. only EPSP or IPSP types will be present d. both spatial and temporal methods will be utiliz ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... A modern parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex) of the macaque monkey is shown in Fig. 1. The subdivision is based on cytoarchitectural and histochemical data (Matelli et al., 1985, 1991). F1 basically corresponds to area 4 of Brodmann (1909), the other areas are subdivsions of ...
... A modern parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex) of the macaque monkey is shown in Fig. 1. The subdivision is based on cytoarchitectural and histochemical data (Matelli et al., 1985, 1991). F1 basically corresponds to area 4 of Brodmann (1909), the other areas are subdivsions of ...
Neuronal rebound spiking, resonance frequency and theta
... of conjunctive grid-by-head-direction cells in gating the interaction of grid cells with interneurons. For simplicity of simulations, the intervening excitatory cells are left out of the simulations and the selective activation of interneurons is obtained with selective head direction input. In the ...
... of conjunctive grid-by-head-direction cells in gating the interaction of grid cells with interneurons. For simplicity of simulations, the intervening excitatory cells are left out of the simulations and the selective activation of interneurons is obtained with selective head direction input. In the ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... 3. Many neurons were also selective for speed of stimulus motion. Quantitative data from 25 neurons indicated that the distribution of preferred speeds ranged from 10 to 320” /s. The degree of speed tuning was on average twice as broad as that reported for area MT. 4. Some neurons (22 /4 1 ) were se ...
... 3. Many neurons were also selective for speed of stimulus motion. Quantitative data from 25 neurons indicated that the distribution of preferred speeds ranged from 10 to 320” /s. The degree of speed tuning was on average twice as broad as that reported for area MT. 4. Some neurons (22 /4 1 ) were se ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... course of EE. However, there are other studies that did not find any effect of EE on basal ...
... course of EE. However, there are other studies that did not find any effect of EE on basal ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Decaying activity The inhibition is strong compared to the excitation ...
... Decaying activity The inhibition is strong compared to the excitation ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... images were analyzed using custom-made Matlab routines with the image processing toolbox. Time periods during which the slice did not show activity were manually selected and used for the baseline fluorescence intensity. For each pixel, the fluorescence change was calculated as (Ft ⫺ F0)/F0, where F ...
... images were analyzed using custom-made Matlab routines with the image processing toolbox. Time periods during which the slice did not show activity were manually selected and used for the baseline fluorescence intensity. For each pixel, the fluorescence change was calculated as (Ft ⫺ F0)/F0, where F ...
SLEEP AND EEG
... RAS controls the cortical alertness. Fibers descending from cortex especially motor cortex can activate RAS. Centers that govern sleep are within the brain-stem, but recent evidence suggest that the center for slow sleep (NREM) lie in the hypothalamus. ...
... RAS controls the cortical alertness. Fibers descending from cortex especially motor cortex can activate RAS. Centers that govern sleep are within the brain-stem, but recent evidence suggest that the center for slow sleep (NREM) lie in the hypothalamus. ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... within the gray matter, and a principal axonal projection, which enters the white matter and travels to another brain region. These axons utilize excitatory amino acids, such as glutamate, as a neurotransmitter and form synapses that have the characteristic morphology associated with excitatory neur ...
... within the gray matter, and a principal axonal projection, which enters the white matter and travels to another brain region. These axons utilize excitatory amino acids, such as glutamate, as a neurotransmitter and form synapses that have the characteristic morphology associated with excitatory neur ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
THE PEDAL NEURONS OF APLYSIA PUNCTATA
... There are no detailed accounts of the connexions and branching of the axons of neurons in the pedal ganglia of opisthobranchs. Most of the experiments on these ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the ...
... There are no detailed accounts of the connexions and branching of the axons of neurons in the pedal ganglia of opisthobranchs. Most of the experiments on these ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
... generalization to similar stimuli (in the Hamming distance sense, see Rolls and Treves, 1997), graceful degradation (fault tolerance), and some locality to the representation, so that some single neurons which receive inputs from such a representation can obtain sufficient information without requir ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... This report sketches the author’s theory of cerebral cortex and thalamus; incorporating relevant discoveries, improvements, changes and updates as of the issue date. The main focus is to provide a coherent, integrated picture of that portion of the theory which provides answers to the following ques ...
... This report sketches the author’s theory of cerebral cortex and thalamus; incorporating relevant discoveries, improvements, changes and updates as of the issue date. The main focus is to provide a coherent, integrated picture of that portion of the theory which provides answers to the following ques ...
Millisecond Timescale Synchrony among Hippocampal Neurons
... Figure 2. Hippocampal microcircuits in the freely moving rat. Bottom, Network of pyramidal cells (triangles) and interneurons (circles) connected through excitatory (cyan), inhibitory (black), and millisecond synchronous connections (red) in a recording session with an 8 shank ⫻ 8 electrode (inset; ...
... Figure 2. Hippocampal microcircuits in the freely moving rat. Bottom, Network of pyramidal cells (triangles) and interneurons (circles) connected through excitatory (cyan), inhibitory (black), and millisecond synchronous connections (red) in a recording session with an 8 shank ⫻ 8 electrode (inset; ...
Short title: Thalamocortical computations during tactile sensation
... with touch. Our model provides a mechanistic explanation of a behavior-related computation ...
... with touch. Our model provides a mechanistic explanation of a behavior-related computation ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... autonomic outflow to the cardiovascular system. Such cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms do not operate in isolation but are closely coordinated with respiratory and other regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The brain regulates the cardiovascular system by two general means: 1) feedforwa ...
... autonomic outflow to the cardiovascular system. Such cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms do not operate in isolation but are closely coordinated with respiratory and other regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis. The brain regulates the cardiovascular system by two general means: 1) feedforwa ...
Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion
... direction-selective. MT, in turn, projects to the medial superior temporal area (MST), which contains directioncylinders, we have also demonstrated selective cells as well as cells (primarily in the dorsal portion, MSTd) tuned for complex motion patterns such as that MT is involved in the depth orde ...
... direction-selective. MT, in turn, projects to the medial superior temporal area (MST), which contains directioncylinders, we have also demonstrated selective cells as well as cells (primarily in the dorsal portion, MSTd) tuned for complex motion patterns such as that MT is involved in the depth orde ...
identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the rat). In contrast, physiology suggests three or more cell types are present based on responses to binaural acoustic stimuli an ...
... parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the rat). In contrast, physiology suggests three or more cell types are present based on responses to binaural acoustic stimuli an ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Parter 1
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Partner B
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.