Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... task. The original model had three parameters: encoding probability, recall probability, and target identification probability. We removed the encoding probability, as our stimuli were clearly distinguishable but included a parameter that accounted for the fact that not all eye movements we included ...
... task. The original model had three parameters: encoding probability, recall probability, and target identification probability. We removed the encoding probability, as our stimuli were clearly distinguishable but included a parameter that accounted for the fact that not all eye movements we included ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
... There is empirical evidence that errors result in adjustments of behavior in several ways. First, subjects can correct their action slips resulting from premature responses immediately after they have committed an error [62]. Second, subjects slow down on subsequent trials after errors, a phenomenon ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... dissected and fixed for 15 min at room temperature in 4% paraformaldehyde, then rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in blocking solution (5% goat serum in PBS + 0.2% Triton X-100 [PBST]). They were then incubated in blocking solution with primary antibodies for 24 hours at room t ...
... dissected and fixed for 15 min at room temperature in 4% paraformaldehyde, then rinsed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubated in blocking solution (5% goat serum in PBS + 0.2% Triton X-100 [PBST]). They were then incubated in blocking solution with primary antibodies for 24 hours at room t ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... because the timing of binocular rivalry effects within each trial was expected to be random with respect to stimulus onset time. Therefore, pooling data from multiple trials in a PSTH would tend to obscure rivalry effects rather than enhance them. Since the power spectrum throws away phase informati ...
... because the timing of binocular rivalry effects within each trial was expected to be random with respect to stimulus onset time. Therefore, pooling data from multiple trials in a PSTH would tend to obscure rivalry effects rather than enhance them. Since the power spectrum throws away phase informati ...
Read Here
... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
... effector tools (Ray et al., 2011; Brust et al., 2014; Niederkofler et al., 2016). Here, we apply these tools to characterize the function and projections of Tac1-Pet1 neurons. Studies have linked the control of breathing to 5-HT, substance P, its receptor, the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and medul ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... dynamic stimulation and their response to static tilt, these neurons were classified as vertical semicircular canal related (n Å 79, 71.2%) or otolith related (n Å 25; 22.5%). Only seven neurons did not follow the usual response pattern and were classified as complex neurons. For the vertical canal- ...
... dynamic stimulation and their response to static tilt, these neurons were classified as vertical semicircular canal related (n Å 79, 71.2%) or otolith related (n Å 25; 22.5%). Only seven neurons did not follow the usual response pattern and were classified as complex neurons. For the vertical canal- ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... Neuronal communication has classically been conceived of as being determined by structural anatomical connectivity and by activity-dependent changes to the anatomical (ultra)structure of the connection. I propose that even in the absence of changes in (ultra)structural connectivity, neuronal synchro ...
... Neuronal communication has classically been conceived of as being determined by structural anatomical connectivity and by activity-dependent changes to the anatomical (ultra)structure of the connection. I propose that even in the absence of changes in (ultra)structural connectivity, neuronal synchro ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... Cheney 1980). Although little is known about the projection frequency of spinal interneurons, one estimate suggests that collaterals from individual Ia inhibitory interneurons may terminate in multiple motor nuclei and contact ⱕ20% of the motor neurons within these nuclei (Jankowska 1992). These obs ...
... Cheney 1980). Although little is known about the projection frequency of spinal interneurons, one estimate suggests that collaterals from individual Ia inhibitory interneurons may terminate in multiple motor nuclei and contact ⱕ20% of the motor neurons within these nuclei (Jankowska 1992). These obs ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to signal and system perturbations. [13, 14]. Moreover, a transition from AS to DS through zero-lag ...
... circuits allow for a real-time anticipation of even strongly irregular signals. It was found that synchronization of the driven circuit with chaotic future states of the driving circuit is insensitive to signal and system perturbations. [13, 14]. Moreover, a transition from AS to DS through zero-lag ...
Reward-Related Neuronal Activity During Go - Research
... reward and detect reward delivery at trial end. These activities may contribute to the processing of reward information for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. ...
... reward and detect reward delivery at trial end. These activities may contribute to the processing of reward information for the motivational control of goal-directed behavior. ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... techniques. OrA-ir neurons were found principally in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at the level of the tuberal cinereum and in the dorsal and posterior hypothalamic areas. In the LHA the majority of the neurons were located dorsal and lateral to the fornix; a small number of OrAir neurons were ...
... techniques. OrA-ir neurons were found principally in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) at the level of the tuberal cinereum and in the dorsal and posterior hypothalamic areas. In the LHA the majority of the neurons were located dorsal and lateral to the fornix; a small number of OrAir neurons were ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... vast majority of neurons, the same type of movement (e.g. an index finger flexion) that is effective at triggering a neuron during one particular motor act (e.g. grasping) is not effective during another motor act (e.g. scratching). By using motor acts as classification criteria, premotor neurons h ...
... vast majority of neurons, the same type of movement (e.g. an index finger flexion) that is effective at triggering a neuron during one particular motor act (e.g. grasping) is not effective during another motor act (e.g. scratching). By using motor acts as classification criteria, premotor neurons h ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... regulated by orexins. Orexins also have a strong, direct, excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain33), which is hypothesized to play an important role in arousal. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) p ...
... regulated by orexins. Orexins also have a strong, direct, excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain33), which is hypothesized to play an important role in arousal. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) p ...
Layer IV of the primary somatosensory cortex has the highest
... organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as the basic unit of the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1997). Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections ...
... organized into groups that are linked synaptically across the horizontal layers. Each of these vertically oriented narrow chains of neurons, called minicolumns, is regarded as the basic unit of the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1997). Minicolumns are further connected by short-range horizontal connections ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... mRNA results are compatible with inhibition, these observations are conditioned by the possible rapid changes of STN activity once HFS is stopped, and by the fact that HFS-driven activity might need less energy than pathological activity. Finally, the analysis of SN responses to STN-HFS cannot provi ...
... mRNA results are compatible with inhibition, these observations are conditioned by the possible rapid changes of STN activity once HFS is stopped, and by the fact that HFS-driven activity might need less energy than pathological activity. Finally, the analysis of SN responses to STN-HFS cannot provi ...
Mapping Horizontal Spread of Activity in Monkey Motor
... Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ...
... Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ...
PDF
... Cajal-Retzius cells. Located in the MZ, these neurons are some of the first to mature in the neocortex and are the main source of reelin, a secreted protein important for normal cortical lamination. Corpus callosum. A large collection of intracortical axonal projections connecting the left and right ...
... Cajal-Retzius cells. Located in the MZ, these neurons are some of the first to mature in the neocortex and are the main source of reelin, a secreted protein important for normal cortical lamination. Corpus callosum. A large collection of intracortical axonal projections connecting the left and right ...
Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells form functionally
... the majority of REM theta phase-shifting cells fired at the ascending phase of gamma oscillations during waking, nonshifting cells preferred the trough. Thus, CA1 pyramidal cells in adjacent sublayers can address their targets jointly or differentially, depending on brain states. Although the molecu ...
... the majority of REM theta phase-shifting cells fired at the ascending phase of gamma oscillations during waking, nonshifting cells preferred the trough. Thus, CA1 pyramidal cells in adjacent sublayers can address their targets jointly or differentially, depending on brain states. Although the molecu ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... Another cortical area where there are mirror neurons is area PF (Fogassi et al. 1998; Gallese et al. 2002). This area forms the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule. PF receives input from STS, where there are many neurons that become active during the observation of action (Perrett at al. 1 ...
... Another cortical area where there are mirror neurons is area PF (Fogassi et al. 1998; Gallese et al. 2002). This area forms the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule. PF receives input from STS, where there are many neurons that become active during the observation of action (Perrett at al. 1 ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... Visual information is rarely found in isolation. A typical scene contains many objects, each of which can be defined by its own combination of visual features. Many of these features, such as orientation and spatial frequency, are extracted by dedicated mechanisms in the early visual system. These ci ...
... Visual information is rarely found in isolation. A typical scene contains many objects, each of which can be defined by its own combination of visual features. Many of these features, such as orientation and spatial frequency, are extracted by dedicated mechanisms in the early visual system. These ci ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... an excitatory neuron to an inhibitory neuron, which sends feedback directly to the presynaptic terminals. They showed through computer simulations that tuning the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms can selectively increase the network output cross-correlation for certain ...
... an excitatory neuron to an inhibitory neuron, which sends feedback directly to the presynaptic terminals. They showed through computer simulations that tuning the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms can selectively increase the network output cross-correlation for certain ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... the cerebellar cortex’ and ‘exert a powerful inhibitory control on their targets’, cerebellar nuclear neurons have been the focus of far fewer studies, and exploration of their properties at the cellular level is only beginning to become widespread. Recent work has demonstrated that these neurons an ...
... the cerebellar cortex’ and ‘exert a powerful inhibitory control on their targets’, cerebellar nuclear neurons have been the focus of far fewer studies, and exploration of their properties at the cellular level is only beginning to become widespread. Recent work has demonstrated that these neurons an ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
... the time increases with the number of distracters and the similarity between the visual features of the target and the distracters [1]. These results, originally used to sustain a serial deployment of a visual attention ‘spotlight’, have been later explained by a parallel interactive process. In par ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.