The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
... attentional mechanisms, the establishment of maps of extrapersonal space, and the adaptive recalibration of eye–hand coordination. Our findings suggest that these functions are subserved by distinct subcortical systems from the superior colliculus, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the findi ...
Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... 1E,L; first choice) and then the other choice square (Fig. 1F; second choice) increased in brightness for a period of 700--1000 ms in random sequence (represented by the open choice square in Fig. 1E,F,L). Only one of the 2 choice squares was brightly illuminated at any one time. The monkeys depresse ...
... 1E,L; first choice) and then the other choice square (Fig. 1F; second choice) increased in brightness for a period of 700--1000 ms in random sequence (represented by the open choice square in Fig. 1E,F,L). Only one of the 2 choice squares was brightly illuminated at any one time. The monkeys depresse ...
the primate amygdala: neuronal representations of
... during the inter-trial interval (which lasted at least 30 s, or until neuronal activity returned to baseline levels) between taste stimuli. Due to the tenacious nature of the oral coating resulting from the delivery of cream or of oil, and also for gritty and capsaicin, four 200 l-rinses with T23/V ...
... during the inter-trial interval (which lasted at least 30 s, or until neuronal activity returned to baseline levels) between taste stimuli. Due to the tenacious nature of the oral coating resulting from the delivery of cream or of oil, and also for gritty and capsaicin, four 200 l-rinses with T23/V ...
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... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on comparisons between expected and obtained reward for generating instructive error signals. These error signals are thou ...
Horvitz, J.C. Stimulus-response and response
... and work in slice preparations demonstrating DA-dependent synaptic plasticity in the striatum [28,30,32,157]. Today, available data help to shed light on the nature of input–output connectivity in the striatum, and the types of information likely transmitted by cortical inputs to striatal output cel ...
... and work in slice preparations demonstrating DA-dependent synaptic plasticity in the striatum [28,30,32,157]. Today, available data help to shed light on the nature of input–output connectivity in the striatum, and the types of information likely transmitted by cortical inputs to striatal output cel ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... Narayanan R, Johnston D. Functional maps within a single neuron. J Neurophysiol 108: 2343–2351, 2012. First published August 29, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00530.2012.—The presence and plasticity of dendritic ion channels are well established. However, the literature is divided on what specific roles thes ...
... Narayanan R, Johnston D. Functional maps within a single neuron. J Neurophysiol 108: 2343–2351, 2012. First published August 29, 2012; doi:10.1152/jn.00530.2012.—The presence and plasticity of dendritic ion channels are well established. However, the literature is divided on what specific roles thes ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... gene regulatory network and determines the boundaries of the state space within which self-organization of the cortex can unfold. In primates, including humans, the outer subventricular zone, a primate-specific germinal zone, generates a large contingent of the projection neurons participating in th ...
... gene regulatory network and determines the boundaries of the state space within which self-organization of the cortex can unfold. In primates, including humans, the outer subventricular zone, a primate-specific germinal zone, generates a large contingent of the projection neurons participating in th ...
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor
... the effects of systemic administration of the DAAO inhibitor 4Hfuro[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid (SUN) in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Oral administration of SUN dose dependently attenuated tactile allodynia induced by ligation of the L5 spinal nerve (SNL) and similarly revers ...
... the effects of systemic administration of the DAAO inhibitor 4Hfuro[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid (SUN) in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Oral administration of SUN dose dependently attenuated tactile allodynia induced by ligation of the L5 spinal nerve (SNL) and similarly revers ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... the “integrate-and-fire” model (Lapicque, 1907). According to this model, neurons integrate synaptic input via their membrane capacitance and fire spikes when their voltage reaches spike threshold (Lapicque, 1907; Tuckwell, 1988). For the many types of neurons that obey this principle, the rate of s ...
... the “integrate-and-fire” model (Lapicque, 1907). According to this model, neurons integrate synaptic input via their membrane capacitance and fire spikes when their voltage reaches spike threshold (Lapicque, 1907; Tuckwell, 1988). For the many types of neurons that obey this principle, the rate of s ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others’ similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whe ...
... Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others’ similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whe ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... If one were to approach the M1 literature without a preexisting bias and search for the single idea that is most likely to lead to a simple yet successful quantitative model, which idea should one choose? We found the idea of muscle-based encoding to be the most promising candidate, for the followin ...
... If one were to approach the M1 literature without a preexisting bias and search for the single idea that is most likely to lead to a simple yet successful quantitative model, which idea should one choose? We found the idea of muscle-based encoding to be the most promising candidate, for the followin ...
On real-world temporal pattern recognition using Liquid State
... world is a task we’ve not yet succeeded in. Uncertainty caused by noise is a major pain in the behind. But dealing with sensory input over time is most certainly its equal in causing us trouble. Time is what sets temporal pattern recognition aside from the normal blend we introduced in the previous ...
... world is a task we’ve not yet succeeded in. Uncertainty caused by noise is a major pain in the behind. But dealing with sensory input over time is most certainly its equal in causing us trouble. Time is what sets temporal pattern recognition aside from the normal blend we introduced in the previous ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... Electrical stimulation of the brain stem was performed as previously described (Zaporozhets et al. 2004). In brief, an ACSF-filled glass electrode, with a tip diameter of 200 –300 m, was placed in contact with the ventral surface of the brain stem. Bipolar stimulation was used to deliver monophasic ...
... Electrical stimulation of the brain stem was performed as previously described (Zaporozhets et al. 2004). In brief, an ACSF-filled glass electrode, with a tip diameter of 200 –300 m, was placed in contact with the ventral surface of the brain stem. Bipolar stimulation was used to deliver monophasic ...
Andrea Kádár
... Gold and TRH and for the discrimination between the parvocellular TRH neurons and the magnocellular vasopressin- (AVP) or oxytocin (OT) neurons. The sections were treated with anti-TRH serum mixed with one of the following antisera:, anti-Fluoro-Gold antiserum and anti-AVP or anti-OT antibodies. The ...
... Gold and TRH and for the discrimination between the parvocellular TRH neurons and the magnocellular vasopressin- (AVP) or oxytocin (OT) neurons. The sections were treated with anti-TRH serum mixed with one of the following antisera:, anti-Fluoro-Gold antiserum and anti-AVP or anti-OT antibodies. The ...
Electrical Synapses in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... Neurons of the TRN readily generated low-threshold spikes and spike bursts after hyperpolarization (Fig. 2 A) (Bal and McCormick, 1993). The relatively slow envelope of depolarization underlying each low-threshold burst evoked a depolarization in coupled postsynaptic neurons, with a magnitude well p ...
... Neurons of the TRN readily generated low-threshold spikes and spike bursts after hyperpolarization (Fig. 2 A) (Bal and McCormick, 1993). The relatively slow envelope of depolarization underlying each low-threshold burst evoked a depolarization in coupled postsynaptic neurons, with a magnitude well p ...
Overview Synaptic plasticity Synaptic strength
... • Parkinson’s disease – a neurogenerative disease characterized by tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, stiffness. ...
... • Parkinson’s disease – a neurogenerative disease characterized by tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, stiffness. ...
Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple
... While minimal models cannot describe neuronal activity for all different types of artificial stimuli that can be applied in elaborate experimental paradigms, a minimal model should ideally be capable of predicting neuronal spiking under those conditions that are potentially relevant for a neuron in ...
... While minimal models cannot describe neuronal activity for all different types of artificial stimuli that can be applied in elaborate experimental paradigms, a minimal model should ideally be capable of predicting neuronal spiking under those conditions that are potentially relevant for a neuron in ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... (Lisman et al., 1998; Durstewitz et al., 2000). This effect of acetylcholine could provide a buffer for novel stimuli in the entorhinal cortex that facilitates long-term encoding in the hippocampus (Jensen and Lisman, 1996; Baddeley, 2000; Koene et al., 2003). Consistent with this, blockade of choli ...
... (Lisman et al., 1998; Durstewitz et al., 2000). This effect of acetylcholine could provide a buffer for novel stimuli in the entorhinal cortex that facilitates long-term encoding in the hippocampus (Jensen and Lisman, 1996; Baddeley, 2000; Koene et al., 2003). Consistent with this, blockade of choli ...
Auditory–vocal mirroring in songbirds
... and invariant from one song bout to the next [37]. Correlational analyses revealed that the multiple bursts of a single cell precede similar song syllable features (i.e. either periods of sound or silence) in the song phrase by approximately 40 ms, consistent with a premotor activity signature [37]. ...
... and invariant from one song bout to the next [37]. Correlational analyses revealed that the multiple bursts of a single cell precede similar song syllable features (i.e. either periods of sound or silence) in the song phrase by approximately 40 ms, consistent with a premotor activity signature [37]. ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... and surround organization of these cells (Kuffler, 1953). More importantly they built on the Kuffler procedure of finding the stimulus required to activate each of the neurons encountered. The central point of their initial finding in 1959 (Hubel & Wiesel, 1959) was that oriented slits of light were ...
... and surround organization of these cells (Kuffler, 1953). More importantly they built on the Kuffler procedure of finding the stimulus required to activate each of the neurons encountered. The central point of their initial finding in 1959 (Hubel & Wiesel, 1959) was that oriented slits of light were ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... of the posterior hypothalamus, to innervate almost all central nervous system (CNS) regions. This feature, a compact cell group with widely distributed fibers, resembles that of other amine systems, such as noradrenaline or serotonin, and is consistent with a function for histamine over a host of ph ...
... of the posterior hypothalamus, to innervate almost all central nervous system (CNS) regions. This feature, a compact cell group with widely distributed fibers, resembles that of other amine systems, such as noradrenaline or serotonin, and is consistent with a function for histamine over a host of ph ...
Theta rhythm and the encoding and retrieval of space and time ⁎ Michael E. Hasselmo , Chantal E. Stern
... memory function (Berry and Thompson, 1978; Givens and Olton, 1990; Seager et al., 2002; Vertes and Kocsis, 1997; Winson, 1978). Conditioning of eye blink responses to air puff or jaw movements to reward occurs more rapidly in animals with greater power of pre-stimulus theta rhythm (Berry and Thompso ...
... memory function (Berry and Thompson, 1978; Givens and Olton, 1990; Seager et al., 2002; Vertes and Kocsis, 1997; Winson, 1978). Conditioning of eye blink responses to air puff or jaw movements to reward occurs more rapidly in animals with greater power of pre-stimulus theta rhythm (Berry and Thompso ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... neurons is correlated with the time it takes axons to grow to their targets has come from studying populations of cranial sensory neurons whose axons have markedly different distances to grow to their targets (Davies, 1989; Vogel and Davies, 1991). The neurons of the vestibular, geniculate, petrosal ...
... neurons is correlated with the time it takes axons to grow to their targets has come from studying populations of cranial sensory neurons whose axons have markedly different distances to grow to their targets (Davies, 1989; Vogel and Davies, 1991). The neurons of the vestibular, geniculate, petrosal ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analysis, both Nissl- and adjacent antibodylabeled sections were used. Some of the Nissl-stained sections used in t ...
... The neuronal morphology and areal and laminar distribution of both PV-ir and CB-ir neurons were qualitatively observed in cortical areas V1 and AI from each age group. For quantitative analysis, both Nissl- and adjacent antibodylabeled sections were used. Some of the Nissl-stained sections used in t ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.