Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... viewed as simply excitatory or inhibitory. For example, activation of the D1 type dopamine receptors alone can either enhance or suppress responses of spiny neurons depending on the prior state of the neuron (Hernandez-Lopez et al. 1997). This state-dependence arises from the coordinated modulation ...
... viewed as simply excitatory or inhibitory. For example, activation of the D1 type dopamine receptors alone can either enhance or suppress responses of spiny neurons depending on the prior state of the neuron (Hernandez-Lopez et al. 1997). This state-dependence arises from the coordinated modulation ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
theta oscillation in the hippocampus
... synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethaneanesthetized rats. T ...
... synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the D100–200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethaneanesthetized rats. T ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... They describe the rate of change of some variable, say u, as a function u and other variables ...
... They describe the rate of change of some variable, say u, as a function u and other variables ...
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
... that linking propositions form some of the necessary elements of that domain. The question then becomes, what kinds of linking propositions do visual scientists use, what are their logical interrelationships and truth-values, and what roles do they play in the structure of modern visual science? In ...
... that linking propositions form some of the necessary elements of that domain. The question then becomes, what kinds of linking propositions do visual scientists use, what are their logical interrelationships and truth-values, and what roles do they play in the structure of modern visual science? In ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System - U
... • The PET scan reveals on a series of images of horizontal sections where radio-activity has accumulated, and thus it indicates what areas were particularly active during the test Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
... • The PET scan reveals on a series of images of horizontal sections where radio-activity has accumulated, and thus it indicates what areas were particularly active during the test Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... (80–800 Hz). These data were used to construct the isointensity response curves. Stimuli consisted of 100 repetitions of 40 ms ramped tone bursts (10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) at frequencies of 80–800 Hz (80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 Hz). The frequency respons ...
... (80–800 Hz). These data were used to construct the isointensity response curves. Stimuli consisted of 100 repetitions of 40 ms ramped tone bursts (10 ms rise and fall; 20 ms plateau; 8.3 Hz repetition rate) at frequencies of 80–800 Hz (80, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800 Hz). The frequency respons ...
Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch
... Evans, 1978; Moore, 1989). Energy may or may not be present at the fundamental frequency. In contrast, place or spectral pitch is associated with individual fre* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 (765) 494-3793; ...
... Evans, 1978; Moore, 1989). Energy may or may not be present at the fundamental frequency. In contrast, place or spectral pitch is associated with individual fre* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 (765) 494-3793; ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... involved in action control. This organization suggests that distinct subdivisions within the GP play specific roles. Neurophysiological studies examining GP neurons in monkeys during behavior revealed that the types of information coding performed within these subdivisions differ greatly. The antero ...
... involved in action control. This organization suggests that distinct subdivisions within the GP play specific roles. Neurophysiological studies examining GP neurons in monkeys during behavior revealed that the types of information coding performed within these subdivisions differ greatly. The antero ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... Miyashita et al., 1989; Rolls et al., 1989; Feigenbaum and Rolls, 1991). These unit-recording studies in the monkey H F suggest that some neurons in the H F may be involved in spatial learning or memory developed from vision. As suggested in a previous study of the rat hippocampus (O’Keefe and Conwa ...
... Miyashita et al., 1989; Rolls et al., 1989; Feigenbaum and Rolls, 1991). These unit-recording studies in the monkey H F suggest that some neurons in the H F may be involved in spatial learning or memory developed from vision. As suggested in a previous study of the rat hippocampus (O’Keefe and Conwa ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.008 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 2Netherlands ...
... http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.008 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 2Netherlands ...
Guided outgrowth of leech neurons in culture
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
... Guided outgrowth of leech neurons by lanes of native ECM protein resembles guidance of DRG neurons [6, 7]. The length of guided neurites, however, is hundreds of micrometers, i.e. distinctly longer than reported for DRG neurons. Leech neurons do not grow on irradiated substrate in contrast to the DR ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... active during a wide range of finger and wrist movements, rather than being narrowly involved with particular movements (e.g., that of a single finger). We recently showed that during pointing, a natural human gesture, activation of shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles involve, at least in part, commo ...
... active during a wide range of finger and wrist movements, rather than being narrowly involved with particular movements (e.g., that of a single finger). We recently showed that during pointing, a natural human gesture, activation of shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles involve, at least in part, commo ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... In both the AVPV and arcuate nucleus, KiSS-1 is regulated by sex steroids (83– 85). Estrogen and androgen receptors (ER␣ and AR, respectively) are found in a high percentage of KiSS-1-expressing neurons, and estradiol and testosterone increase KiSS-1 expression in the AVPV and decrease KiSS-1 expres ...
... In both the AVPV and arcuate nucleus, KiSS-1 is regulated by sex steroids (83– 85). Estrogen and androgen receptors (ER␣ and AR, respectively) are found in a high percentage of KiSS-1-expressing neurons, and estradiol and testosterone increase KiSS-1 expression in the AVPV and decrease KiSS-1 expres ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... without a drug from the same animals. As selective antagonists for respective types of glutamate receptors, we used the following drugs: APV (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 M for NMDA receptors; CNQX (SigmaAldrich) at 20 M for AMPA receptors; ( S)-(⫹)-␣-amino-4-carboxy-2methylbenzeneacetic acid (LY367385; ...
... without a drug from the same animals. As selective antagonists for respective types of glutamate receptors, we used the following drugs: APV (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 M for NMDA receptors; CNQX (SigmaAldrich) at 20 M for AMPA receptors; ( S)-(⫹)-␣-amino-4-carboxy-2methylbenzeneacetic acid (LY367385; ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... et al. 1996; Stephenson et al. 2009). Those studies refer to a quiet environment and without sound stimulation, which was not the case here. Indeed, sound has been used before in protocols of sleep deprivation (Franken et al. 1995). In addition, we carried out analysis on the local field potential re ...
... et al. 1996; Stephenson et al. 2009). Those studies refer to a quiet environment and without sound stimulation, which was not the case here. Indeed, sound has been used before in protocols of sleep deprivation (Franken et al. 1995). In addition, we carried out analysis on the local field potential re ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... confocal microscope, using the 488 nm argon laser line and a 505–550 nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images wer ...
... confocal microscope, using the 488 nm argon laser line and a 505–550 nm bandpass emission filter. Image stacks (typically 10 –20 optical sections per stack) were collected at 1.5–2.5 m z-axis steps through the full extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images wer ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... in this sense, such as the weather, planetary motion, and digestion, are paradigmatic examples of processes that are not computations in any interesting sense. Neural processes may fall into this class. On the other hand, it is also easy to see that virtually all systems, including computing mechani ...
... in this sense, such as the weather, planetary motion, and digestion, are paradigmatic examples of processes that are not computations in any interesting sense. Neural processes may fall into this class. On the other hand, it is also easy to see that virtually all systems, including computing mechani ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... both the sex and the social experience of the individual. Second, single neurons exhibit some surprisingly rich examples of computational sophistication in terms of (a) temporal dynamics (coding superimposed upon circadian and shorter-term rhythms), and also (b) what Kenneth Roeder called ‘neural pa ...
... both the sex and the social experience of the individual. Second, single neurons exhibit some surprisingly rich examples of computational sophistication in terms of (a) temporal dynamics (coding superimposed upon circadian and shorter-term rhythms), and also (b) what Kenneth Roeder called ‘neural pa ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.