Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... more (or less) probable than average was xt when a spike was received from that synapse. Thus, the weights are positively or negatively incremented depending on whether the probability of xt tends to be larger or smaller than its running average at the moment of the synaptic input. Similarly, learni ...
... more (or less) probable than average was xt when a spike was received from that synapse. Thus, the weights are positively or negatively incremented depending on whether the probability of xt tends to be larger or smaller than its running average at the moment of the synaptic input. Similarly, learni ...
Motor Cortex Neural Correlates of Output Kinematics and Kinetics
... it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax the bias force. Targets were spaced at 45° intervals, starting from 0° (to the right) and progressing counterclockwise. The eight targets were r ...
... it there for 2 s to receive a liquid reward (Fig. 2A). The animals generated force ramps aimed at each target from their onset, and did not initially relax the bias force. Targets were spaced at 45° intervals, starting from 0° (to the right) and progressing counterclockwise. The eight targets were r ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... Serotonin affects all levels of the function of central and peripheral nervous systems, from sensory neurons to motor outputs, and from development to disease (for review, see [5]). Serotonin acts in every moment of our lives, and failures of our serotonergic system produce depression, bipolar disor ...
... Serotonin affects all levels of the function of central and peripheral nervous systems, from sensory neurons to motor outputs, and from development to disease (for review, see [5]). Serotonin acts in every moment of our lives, and failures of our serotonergic system produce depression, bipolar disor ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
... system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC-NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
... the extensive interconnections between AIP and PMv, we sought to examine whether these two cortical areas received inputs from common sources. PMv is the target of output from both the dentate and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Dum and Strick, 2002). Whil ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... Stimulation (TMS) evidence in favor of the existence of mirror neurons in humans. TMS is a non-invasive method of stimulating the nervous system. Through this electric stimulation of the motor cortex they found enhanced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) distinct from spontaneous potentials in hand and ...
... Stimulation (TMS) evidence in favor of the existence of mirror neurons in humans. TMS is a non-invasive method of stimulating the nervous system. Through this electric stimulation of the motor cortex they found enhanced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) distinct from spontaneous potentials in hand and ...
Document
... Theta activity: • EEG activity of 3.5 – 7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Delta activity: • Regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. ...
... Theta activity: • EEG activity of 3.5 – 7.5 Hz that occurs intermittently during early stages of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Delta activity: • Regular, synchronous electrical activity of less than 4 Hz recorded from the brain; occurs during the deepest stages of slow-wave sleep. ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more efficient computing devices. We help you work smarter, ...
... community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more efficient computing devices. We help you work smarter, ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... 1c). Consistent with this hypothesis, the interaction pattern of one neuronal group (A) with two other groups (B and C) can be predicted by their pattern of precise synchronization (Figure 1c). This has recently been demonstrated for interactions of triplets of neuronal groups from within and betwee ...
... 1c). Consistent with this hypothesis, the interaction pattern of one neuronal group (A) with two other groups (B and C) can be predicted by their pattern of precise synchronization (Figure 1c). This has recently been demonstrated for interactions of triplets of neuronal groups from within and betwee ...
Neural circuits underlying the generation of theta oscillations
... Limbic system Neuronal networks ...
... Limbic system Neuronal networks ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
Probabilistic models for spike trains of single neurons
... main results are described elsewhere (Romo et al. (1999), Brody et al. (2003)). The other dataset is the result of an ongoing effort of the Brody lab, where neural activity has been recorded in rats performing a variety of tasks. For this project we are mainly interested in the statistics of the spi ...
... main results are described elsewhere (Romo et al. (1999), Brody et al. (2003)). The other dataset is the result of an ongoing effort of the Brody lab, where neural activity has been recorded in rats performing a variety of tasks. For this project we are mainly interested in the statistics of the spi ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... The dichotomy between parallel and serial operations in visual search has been challenged by psychological models suggesting that all types of search task can be solved by a single parallel competitive mechanism. Duncan (1980) and Duncan and Humphreys (1989) have proposed a scheme that integrates bo ...
... The dichotomy between parallel and serial operations in visual search has been challenged by psychological models suggesting that all types of search task can be solved by a single parallel competitive mechanism. Duncan (1980) and Duncan and Humphreys (1989) have proposed a scheme that integrates bo ...
Development of Subcellular mRNA Compartmentation in
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnections contrasts with the many differences between these two areas. Ar ...
... the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnections contrasts with the many differences between these two areas. Ar ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s eyes. We further che ...
... We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s eyes. We further che ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... Eq. (1) presents two major challenges for a biological circuit: 1. In order for the model to describe neural firing and behavioral effects up to long time scales, there should be neurons with time constants on the order of that time scale. The time constant of each unit in Eq. (1) is 1/s. 2. Rapid e ...
... Eq. (1) presents two major challenges for a biological circuit: 1. In order for the model to describe neural firing and behavioral effects up to long time scales, there should be neurons with time constants on the order of that time scale. The time constant of each unit in Eq. (1) is 1/s. 2. Rapid e ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... Two issues about sparsity need to be specified. First, the 50% connectivity in our network is larger than what was used in Tao et al. (2006). The main reason is due to the introduction of width-variability, which could lead to effective sparsity in our present model. This argument will be detailed l ...
... Two issues about sparsity need to be specified. First, the 50% connectivity in our network is larger than what was used in Tao et al. (2006). The main reason is due to the introduction of width-variability, which could lead to effective sparsity in our present model. This argument will be detailed l ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Operates under conscious control • Seldom affects long-term survival • SNS controls skeletal muscles • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • Operates without conscious instruction • ANS controls visceral effectors • Coordinates system functions ...
... • Operates under conscious control • Seldom affects long-term survival • SNS controls skeletal muscles • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • Operates without conscious instruction • ANS controls visceral effectors • Coordinates system functions ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... a single task. Even fewer have addressed questions related to how anticipated appetitive and aversive outcomes interact to alter neural signals related to expected value, motivation, and salience. Here, we review studies that have addressed this issue in a number of key brain areas, all of which hav ...
... a single task. Even fewer have addressed questions related to how anticipated appetitive and aversive outcomes interact to alter neural signals related to expected value, motivation, and salience. Here, we review studies that have addressed this issue in a number of key brain areas, all of which hav ...
Articles in PresS. J Neurophysiol (March 20, 2003). 10.1152/jn
... viewed as simply excitatory or inhibitory. For example, activation of the D1 type dopamine receptors alone can either enhance or suppress responses of spiny neurons depending on the prior state of the neuron (Hernandez-Lopez et al. 1997). This state-dependence arises from the coordinated modulation ...
... viewed as simply excitatory or inhibitory. For example, activation of the D1 type dopamine receptors alone can either enhance or suppress responses of spiny neurons depending on the prior state of the neuron (Hernandez-Lopez et al. 1997). This state-dependence arises from the coordinated modulation ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.