Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... The HGN contains two distinct neuronal populations: the first, predominant, is represented by motoneurons, that are large, multipolar and rich in Nissl substance neurons; the second neuronal pool is constituted by small round or oval neurons with poor rough endoplasmatic reticulum, defined as ‘‘inhibi ...
... The HGN contains two distinct neuronal populations: the first, predominant, is represented by motoneurons, that are large, multipolar and rich in Nissl substance neurons; the second neuronal pool is constituted by small round or oval neurons with poor rough endoplasmatic reticulum, defined as ‘‘inhibi ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... triangular filter from 3 to 40 kHz. The result was smoothed again with a 6 kHz triangular filter from 0.2 to 40 kHz. This filtering algorithm was found to reduce high-frequency notches with minimal effect on frequencies ⬍3 kHz. The result of this signal processing is shown in Figure 7E. VS stimuli. ...
... triangular filter from 3 to 40 kHz. The result was smoothed again with a 6 kHz triangular filter from 0.2 to 40 kHz. This filtering algorithm was found to reduce high-frequency notches with minimal effect on frequencies ⬍3 kHz. The result of this signal processing is shown in Figure 7E. VS stimuli. ...
V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... responses were measured simultaneously. Stimuli were modulated in the neuron’s preferred cardinal and intermediate color directions, and psychophysical thresholds were estimated using the method of constant stimuli. We identified each neuron’s preferred cardinal and intermediate color direction on t ...
... responses were measured simultaneously. Stimuli were modulated in the neuron’s preferred cardinal and intermediate color directions, and psychophysical thresholds were estimated using the method of constant stimuli. We identified each neuron’s preferred cardinal and intermediate color direction on t ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
... sensitive along a variety of stimulus dimensions, including: orientation, spatial frequency, temporal frequency, size, position, contrast, and color. For a single unit in V1, a stimulus value along these dimensions can be found that produces a maximum steady-state firing rate by measuring tuning cur ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... activity. Slow-wave sleep consisted of high-amplitude slow waves together with a low EMG tone relative to waking. REM sleep was identified by the presence of desynchronized EEG and /or activity coupled with low EMG relative to slow-wave sleep. The amount of time spent in wakef ulness, SWS, and REM ...
... activity. Slow-wave sleep consisted of high-amplitude slow waves together with a low EMG tone relative to waking. REM sleep was identified by the presence of desynchronized EEG and /or activity coupled with low EMG relative to slow-wave sleep. The amount of time spent in wakef ulness, SWS, and REM ...
Towards Detection of Brain Tumor in Electroencephalogram
... Abstract—Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can be cancerous or noncancerous. Early detection and classification of brain tumors is very important in clinical practice. Electroencephalogram signal is one of the oldest measures of brain activity tha ...
... Abstract—Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain or inside the skull, which can be cancerous or noncancerous. Early detection and classification of brain tumors is very important in clinical practice. Electroencephalogram signal is one of the oldest measures of brain activity tha ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
Link
... mostly due to methodological challenges like insufficient spatial resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements ...
... mostly due to methodological challenges like insufficient spatial resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio for this small and deeply located subcortical brain region. However, there are several studies that investigated the sensitivity of the SC to visual stimulation in the absence of eye movements ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... be considered a mental function (Roland et al. 1980; Jeannerod 1994). Despite this evidence, the serial flow of information, i.e. from the so called associative areas of the temporal and parietal cortex to frontal areas, was not disputed, and also many computational models were organized according t ...
... be considered a mental function (Roland et al. 1980; Jeannerod 1994). Despite this evidence, the serial flow of information, i.e. from the so called associative areas of the temporal and parietal cortex to frontal areas, was not disputed, and also many computational models were organized according t ...
Temporal Profiles of Axon Terminals, Synapses and Spines in the
... minutes each time, with a 5-hour interval between the 2 occlusions, anesthesia was discontinued immediately after each cervical surgery, the animals soon became awake and moved spontaneously. Ischemia-positive animals registering ⬎13 points were selected based on the stroke index score determined du ...
... minutes each time, with a 5-hour interval between the 2 occlusions, anesthesia was discontinued immediately after each cervical surgery, the animals soon became awake and moved spontaneously. Ischemia-positive animals registering ⬎13 points were selected based on the stroke index score determined du ...
Synaptic plasticity: taming the beast
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
... total level of synaptic efficacy. A frequent approach in neural network models is to globally adjust all the synapses onto each postsynaptic neuron based on its level of activity3. The adjustment can take two forms, depending on whether the synapses to a particular neuron are changed by the same amo ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... and interstitial NTS subnuclei and the compact formation of NA are active during deglutitive activity, whereas commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and the caudal DMV are active during LES relaxation (4). The commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and caudal DMV are active in controlling the ...
... and interstitial NTS subnuclei and the compact formation of NA are active during deglutitive activity, whereas commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and the caudal DMV are active during LES relaxation (4). The commissural and dorsomedial NTS subnuclei and caudal DMV are active in controlling the ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... neurons in the squirrel monkey, changing their discharge rate in relation to changes in fundamental frequency and/or amplitude. There is some controversy in the literature about the patterncoding capacity of the PAG. According to Larson [30], 4% of the PAG neurons with vocalization-related activity ...
... neurons in the squirrel monkey, changing their discharge rate in relation to changes in fundamental frequency and/or amplitude. There is some controversy in the literature about the patterncoding capacity of the PAG. According to Larson [30], 4% of the PAG neurons with vocalization-related activity ...
α3β1 integrin modulates neuronal migration and placement during
... order to form layers with distinct patterns of synaptic connectivity (D’Arcangelo et al., 1995; Hatten, 2002; Marin et al., 2003; Nadarajah et al., 2001; Nadarajah and Parnavelas, 2002; O’Rourke et al., 1992; Rakic, 1972; Yakubova and Komuro, 2002). Abnormalities in neuronal migration and layer form ...
... order to form layers with distinct patterns of synaptic connectivity (D’Arcangelo et al., 1995; Hatten, 2002; Marin et al., 2003; Nadarajah et al., 2001; Nadarajah and Parnavelas, 2002; O’Rourke et al., 1992; Rakic, 1972; Yakubova and Komuro, 2002). Abnormalities in neuronal migration and layer form ...
fulltext
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... Keywords: Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Anti-dopamine-h-hydroxylase – saporin; Food intake; Glucoprivation; Hypoglycemia; Mercaptoacetate ...
... Keywords: Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Anti-dopamine-h-hydroxylase – saporin; Food intake; Glucoprivation; Hypoglycemia; Mercaptoacetate ...
- Hayden Lab
... (r = 0.218, p = 0.006) (Figure 4B). We confirmed the significance of this correlation using a bootstrap correlation test (p = 0.0061; see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include ...
... (r = 0.218, p = 0.006) (Figure 4B). We confirmed the significance of this correlation using a bootstrap correlation test (p = 0.0061; see Experimental Procedures). To match the criteria used above, these analyses do not include trials with safe options; however, if we repeat the analysis but include ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
... world. RGCs form the only neuronal connections between the eyes and the brain. Because RGCs convey all visual information to the brain, if RGCs do not develop properly, an organism’s vision may be significantly compromised. Xenopus: A Model System for RGC Studies Xenopus laevis, the African clawed f ...
Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
... strongly to) a specific number of objects. The critical properties of these number-selective neurons are the following. First, they act like filters over numerosity: Neurons that are most responsive to a particular numerosity x also react somewhat weaker to numerosities x 1 and x + 1, still somew ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... expression in individual flies, we inspected each fly’s brain after the experiment using a 2-photon microscope and confirmed that EGFPlabeled JO neurons are not present, but EGFP signal could be detected in other central neurons driven by the JO-AB/JO-CE GAL4 driver. In these experiments, the progen ...
... expression in individual flies, we inspected each fly’s brain after the experiment using a 2-photon microscope and confirmed that EGFPlabeled JO neurons are not present, but EGFP signal could be detected in other central neurons driven by the JO-AB/JO-CE GAL4 driver. In these experiments, the progen ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... exhibit a considerable bias for short observations that count less than about 5–10 spikes on average. The practical difficulty of measuring the CV2 in rate modulated data can be overcome by a simple procedure of spike train demodulation which was tested in numerical simulations and in real spike tra ...
... exhibit a considerable bias for short observations that count less than about 5–10 spikes on average. The practical difficulty of measuring the CV2 in rate modulated data can be overcome by a simple procedure of spike train demodulation which was tested in numerical simulations and in real spike tra ...
Role of Feedforward and Feedback Projections in Figure
... (Lamme et al., 1999; Marcus & Van Essen, 2002; Huang & Paradiso, 2008). These findings can be interpreted as a filling-in process or, alternatively, as two independent processes of border detection and a grouping operation where surface responses simply lag behind the responses to the border. The fi ...
... (Lamme et al., 1999; Marcus & Van Essen, 2002; Huang & Paradiso, 2008). These findings can be interpreted as a filling-in process or, alternatively, as two independent processes of border detection and a grouping operation where surface responses simply lag behind the responses to the border. The fi ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.