The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... of the nucleus of the solitary tract, as well. In contrast, PrRP-ir cell bodies in the most caudal part of the DMH did not co-express TH suggesting that PrRP-TH double labeled fibers in the DMH are of medullary origin. After emanating from a portion of A2 noradrenaline cells situated in the caudal p ...
... of the nucleus of the solitary tract, as well. In contrast, PrRP-ir cell bodies in the most caudal part of the DMH did not co-express TH suggesting that PrRP-TH double labeled fibers in the DMH are of medullary origin. After emanating from a portion of A2 noradrenaline cells situated in the caudal p ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... (Chen et al., 1996; Franceschetti et al., 1998). Corticospinal neurons (PTN) in layer V of cat motor cortex not only have unique morphologic features that correlate with their conduction velocities (Deschenes et al., 1979; Ghosh et al., 1988) but also exhibit distinct distributions of synapses on th ...
... (Chen et al., 1996; Franceschetti et al., 1998). Corticospinal neurons (PTN) in layer V of cat motor cortex not only have unique morphologic features that correlate with their conduction velocities (Deschenes et al., 1979; Ghosh et al., 1988) but also exhibit distinct distributions of synapses on th ...
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... of the pathogenic agent. Another phenomenon is the appearance of new, abnormal integration of modified neural structures. The very "damage" is not the development of the pathological process. He plays the role of the causes and conditions of this development, which is carried out its own endogenous ...
... of the pathogenic agent. Another phenomenon is the appearance of new, abnormal integration of modified neural structures. The very "damage" is not the development of the pathological process. He plays the role of the causes and conditions of this development, which is carried out its own endogenous ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... 10 to 12 mM, the ceiling level seen with intense activity such as epileptic discharge (37,38). Neurons, and perhaps blood vessels, also participate in [KⳭ]o regulation, but glial mechanisms are probably most important. Two general mechanisms of astrocyte KⳭ removal have been proposed (39): 1) net KⳭ ...
... 10 to 12 mM, the ceiling level seen with intense activity such as epileptic discharge (37,38). Neurons, and perhaps blood vessels, also participate in [KⳭ]o regulation, but glial mechanisms are probably most important. Two general mechanisms of astrocyte KⳭ removal have been proposed (39): 1) net KⳭ ...
Cholinergic modulation of cognitive processing: insights drawn from computational models Kishan Gupta
... influences of each of the reciprocal projections is beyond the scope of this review (for a related review, see Fadel, 2011), it is worth highlighting that the anatomical regions from which these projections originate are frequently attributed with functions relevant to the regulation of the quality ...
... influences of each of the reciprocal projections is beyond the scope of this review (for a related review, see Fadel, 2011), it is worth highlighting that the anatomical regions from which these projections originate are frequently attributed with functions relevant to the regulation of the quality ...
The role of the subthalamic nucleus in response inhibition: Evidence
... Response inhibition as measured during a stop-signal task refers to the ability to halt an action that has already been set in motion. Cortical and sub-cortical structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN), that are active during attempts to inhibit action are thought to contribute to a ‘stop-p ...
... Response inhibition as measured during a stop-signal task refers to the ability to halt an action that has already been set in motion. Cortical and sub-cortical structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN), that are active during attempts to inhibit action are thought to contribute to a ‘stop-p ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
... spindle periods. We found that theta and spindle oscillations differ in their spatial distribution ...
... spindle periods. We found that theta and spindle oscillations differ in their spatial distribution ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... catecholamine is either NE or 5-hydroxydopamine. In some experiments, neurons are grown at low densities and shown to have cholinergic function by electrophysiological criteria. After incubation in NE, only 6% of the synaptic vesicles have dense cores. In contrast, similar neurons depolarized (80 mM ...
... catecholamine is either NE or 5-hydroxydopamine. In some experiments, neurons are grown at low densities and shown to have cholinergic function by electrophysiological criteria. After incubation in NE, only 6% of the synaptic vesicles have dense cores. In contrast, similar neurons depolarized (80 mM ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... under the guidance of various molecular cues. Once growing axons arrived at their target area they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial synaptic rearrangements during development, which result in precise, mature neuronal circuitry. In m ...
... under the guidance of various molecular cues. Once growing axons arrived at their target area they begin to form relatively crude functional connections. These initial connections undergo substantial synaptic rearrangements during development, which result in precise, mature neuronal circuitry. In m ...
Hybrid Scheme for Modeling Local Field Potentials from Point
... generated by thousands or even millions of neurons near the recording electrode (Kajikawa and Schroeder 2011; Lindén et al. 2011; Łȩski et al. 2013). Moreover, the LFP reflects also synaptic input generated by remote populations, for example, inputs from other cortical or subcortical areas in additi ...
... generated by thousands or even millions of neurons near the recording electrode (Kajikawa and Schroeder 2011; Lindén et al. 2011; Łȩski et al. 2013). Moreover, the LFP reflects also synaptic input generated by remote populations, for example, inputs from other cortical or subcortical areas in additi ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis and comparison with recordings from the LGN and optic tract. Many cortical neurons were found to respond only in stimulus conditions that produced perceptual changes in brightne ...
... (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis and comparison with recordings from the LGN and optic tract. Many cortical neurons were found to respond only in stimulus conditions that produced perceptual changes in brightne ...
Orexinergic Input to Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Ventral
... diaminobenzidine chromogen and then, post-intensified with silver-gold [26]. Next, TH neurons were detected with chicken TH antibodies from AVES laboratories (Aves Laboratories Inc., Tigard, OR; #TYH; 1:300, 48 h). The primary antibodies were reacted with donkey biotin-SP-anti-chicken IgY (Jackson I ...
... diaminobenzidine chromogen and then, post-intensified with silver-gold [26]. Next, TH neurons were detected with chicken TH antibodies from AVES laboratories (Aves Laboratories Inc., Tigard, OR; #TYH; 1:300, 48 h). The primary antibodies were reacted with donkey biotin-SP-anti-chicken IgY (Jackson I ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... coherence, and Granger causality (Ding et al., 2006). See Appendix for their definitions. Power at a given frequency measures the degree of synchronization in a local neural ensemble. Coherence and Granger causality are interdependence measures. Coherence gauges the degree of synchrony between two d ...
... coherence, and Granger causality (Ding et al., 2006). See Appendix for their definitions. Power at a given frequency measures the degree of synchronization in a local neural ensemble. Coherence and Granger causality are interdependence measures. Coherence gauges the degree of synchrony between two d ...
Full version (PDF file)
... Fig. 2. Cell electrophysiological properties of postsynaptic potentials evoked by ventral and dorsal focal electrical stimuli in NAc core neurons. (A) Both DPSP amplitudes were graded with stimulus intensities. T shows the threshold intensity of stimulus to evoke DPSP. (B) Responses to the same elec ...
... Fig. 2. Cell electrophysiological properties of postsynaptic potentials evoked by ventral and dorsal focal electrical stimuli in NAc core neurons. (A) Both DPSP amplitudes were graded with stimulus intensities. T shows the threshold intensity of stimulus to evoke DPSP. (B) Responses to the same elec ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
... Fig. 3. Hyperpolarizing current stimulation at specific input phases of the oscillation increased the probability of subsequent spikes at the peak of the oscillation in some neurons. (A) Polar plot of the input phase of hyperpolarizing current stimulation that elicited subsequent spikes of a putative ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... Most ascending auditory tracts converge on the inferior colliculus (IC), which is a major relay en route to the medial geniculate body (MGB; Malmierca et al., 2002; Malmierca and Merchán, 2004). Afferent projections to the IC are both excitatory and inhibitory (Oliver, 1984a, 1987; Shneiderman and H ...
... Most ascending auditory tracts converge on the inferior colliculus (IC), which is a major relay en route to the medial geniculate body (MGB; Malmierca et al., 2002; Malmierca and Merchán, 2004). Afferent projections to the IC are both excitatory and inhibitory (Oliver, 1984a, 1987; Shneiderman and H ...
Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors in the Nervous System
... Recent observations suggestthat FGFs may be important for the development and maintenanceof nervous tissue.FGFs are presentin relatively high levels in the brain (Gospodarowicz et al., 1987; Burgessand Maciag, 1989) and have been demonstrated in vitro to act upon various cell types from both the CNS ...
... Recent observations suggestthat FGFs may be important for the development and maintenanceof nervous tissue.FGFs are presentin relatively high levels in the brain (Gospodarowicz et al., 1987; Burgessand Maciag, 1989) and have been demonstrated in vitro to act upon various cell types from both the CNS ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
... developmental mechanismsthat give rise to the differential expression of neuropeptides by individual neurons are incompletely understood. One of the first stepstoward understanding how diverse peptidergic phenotypes are generated is elucidating the pattern of peptide expressionduring normal developm ...
Chaos in the Brain. - Brain Dynamics Laboratory
... Dynamical system and State space • A dynamical system is a model that determines the evolution of a system given only the initial state, which implies that these systems posses memory. • The state space is a mathematical and abstract construct, with orthogonal coordinate directions representing eac ...
... Dynamical system and State space • A dynamical system is a model that determines the evolution of a system given only the initial state, which implies that these systems posses memory. • The state space is a mathematical and abstract construct, with orthogonal coordinate directions representing eac ...
Slides - Translational Neuromodeling Unit
... • The combined time constant is called T2*. • fMRI uses acquisition techniques (e.g. EPI) that are sensitive to changes in T2*. The general principle of MRI: – excite spins in static field by RF pulses & detect the emitted RF – use an acquisition technique that is sensitive to local differences in T ...
... • The combined time constant is called T2*. • fMRI uses acquisition techniques (e.g. EPI) that are sensitive to changes in T2*. The general principle of MRI: – excite spins in static field by RF pulses & detect the emitted RF – use an acquisition technique that is sensitive to local differences in T ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
... globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (STN).1 The globus pallidus is further divided into the external segment (GPe) and the internal segment (GPi); the substantia nigra is divided into the pars reticulata (SNr) and pars compacta (SNc). The CD and PUT are the two input stations, ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... suggesting an ongoing spontaneous glutamate-mediated inhibition of excitatory GABA actions in developing neurons. Northern blots revealed that many mGluRs were expressed early in brain development, including times of synaptogenesis. Together these data suggest that in developing neurons glutamate ca ...
... suggesting an ongoing spontaneous glutamate-mediated inhibition of excitatory GABA actions in developing neurons. Northern blots revealed that many mGluRs were expressed early in brain development, including times of synaptogenesis. Together these data suggest that in developing neurons glutamate ca ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... tracer was injected at multiple sites within the face, arm, or leg representation of M1. In seven animals, we injected the McIntyre-B strain of HSV1 (supplied by Dr. David Bernstein, Gamble Institute of Medical Research, C incinnati, OH) (McC lean et al., 1989). In one animal, we injected a strain o ...
... tracer was injected at multiple sites within the face, arm, or leg representation of M1. In seven animals, we injected the McIntyre-B strain of HSV1 (supplied by Dr. David Bernstein, Gamble Institute of Medical Research, C incinnati, OH) (McC lean et al., 1989). In one animal, we injected a strain o ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.