On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... & Zipser, 1985). At present, localist and distributed neural networks have been applied to a wide range of cognitive phenomena, and the goal in both cases is to identify a set of general principles that apply across domains. Given that neural networks can learn either local or distributed representa ...
... & Zipser, 1985). At present, localist and distributed neural networks have been applied to a wide range of cognitive phenomena, and the goal in both cases is to identify a set of general principles that apply across domains. Given that neural networks can learn either local or distributed representa ...
View Full Page PDF
... Musical notes can be ordered from low to high along a perceptual dimension called « pitch ». A characteristic property of these sounds is their periodic waveform, and periodicity generally correlates with pitch. Thus pitch is often described as the perceptual correlate of the periodicity of the soun ...
... Musical notes can be ordered from low to high along a perceptual dimension called « pitch ». A characteristic property of these sounds is their periodic waveform, and periodicity generally correlates with pitch. Thus pitch is often described as the perceptual correlate of the periodicity of the soun ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... Variations in light reflected from all parts of our physical world create an image that is represented and processed in our visual system. In mammals the visual cortex is essential for processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on t ...
... Variations in light reflected from all parts of our physical world create an image that is represented and processed in our visual system. In mammals the visual cortex is essential for processing of visual input from the eyes. The region is divided into different areas and this study will focus on t ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... of neural circuits? Below, we describe a potential anatomical substrate—the amygdala– prefrontal circuit—for emotional-cognitive interactions in the brain and how neurons in these areas could dynamically contribute to a subject’s mental state. First, we review the bidirectional connections between t ...
... of neural circuits? Below, we describe a potential anatomical substrate—the amygdala– prefrontal circuit—for emotional-cognitive interactions in the brain and how neurons in these areas could dynamically contribute to a subject’s mental state. First, we review the bidirectional connections between t ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... where g 0 is the mean conductance, is a noise time constant, 2 is the variance of the conductance, and (t) is a Gaussian random variable with 0 mean and a SD of 1. Parameters were chosen by beginning with the parameters used by Palmer and Miller (2002) and adjusting these to produce membrane po ...
... where g 0 is the mean conductance, is a noise time constant, 2 is the variance of the conductance, and (t) is a Gaussian random variable with 0 mean and a SD of 1. Parameters were chosen by beginning with the parameters used by Palmer and Miller (2002) and adjusting these to produce membrane po ...
Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
Kandel ch. 43 + Two review papers
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults
... asked to encode new information (intentional learning), they normally process it by retrieving information from semantic memory, and when they are asked to retrieve information from semantic memory, they normally encode the retrieval cues and retrieved information into episodic memory (incidental le ...
... asked to encode new information (intentional learning), they normally process it by retrieving information from semantic memory, and when they are asked to retrieve information from semantic memory, they normally encode the retrieval cues and retrieved information into episodic memory (incidental le ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... in the medial two-thirds of the PPN (117,243,271,277). Additional projections reach the parvicellular reticular formation, a region whose neurons are directly connected with orofacial motor nuclei (55,204,304), and the superior colliculus, which may play a critical role in the control of saccades (3 ...
... in the medial two-thirds of the PPN (117,243,271,277). Additional projections reach the parvicellular reticular formation, a region whose neurons are directly connected with orofacial motor nuclei (55,204,304), and the superior colliculus, which may play a critical role in the control of saccades (3 ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Spatial and temporal frequency selectivity of neurons in
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
... components (Campbell & Robson, 1968; Glezer et al., 1973; Maffei & Fiorentini, 1973). While at one stage this may have been seen as incompatible with feature-based representations (Hubel & Wiesel, 1962, 1968), physiological and psychophysical studies have since indicated that different Fourier chann ...
Morphology and Physiology of the Cerebellar Vestibulolateral Lobe
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
... prevailing views derived from mammalian species have centered around either intrinsic changes within the cerebellum (Raymond and Lisberger 1998) through the mechanisms of long-term depression and potentiation (Boyden et al. 2004; Ito 1989) or, in more recent years, multiple plasticity mechanisms/ si ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... Previous studies have suggested that both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and inferior temporal cortex (ITC) are involved in high-level visual processing and categorization, but their respective roles are not known. To address this, we trained monkeys to categorize a continuous set of visual stimuli int ...
... Previous studies have suggested that both the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and inferior temporal cortex (ITC) are involved in high-level visual processing and categorization, but their respective roles are not known. To address this, we trained monkeys to categorize a continuous set of visual stimuli int ...
NEOCORTEX
... midal neurons a¡e found in all cortical layers except layer 1. Their most prominent feature is an apical dendrite that may extend through all the layers of the cortex above the soma. Pyramidal cells are the major output neurons of the neocortex. They participate both in connections between the diffe ...
... midal neurons a¡e found in all cortical layers except layer 1. Their most prominent feature is an apical dendrite that may extend through all the layers of the cortex above the soma. Pyramidal cells are the major output neurons of the neocortex. They participate both in connections between the diffe ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... impressions which are contrary to ours, and that the individual himself does not always think the same in matters of sense-perception. Thus it is uncertain which of these impressions are true or false; for one kind is no more true than another, but equally so. And hence Democritus says that either t ...
... impressions which are contrary to ours, and that the individual himself does not always think the same in matters of sense-perception. Thus it is uncertain which of these impressions are true or false; for one kind is no more true than another, but equally so. And hence Democritus says that either t ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... sensitive to low-frequency vibration, are distributed with even higher density than the SA1 afferents but have relatively poor spatial resolution and may, in fact, impede spatial perception (Bensmaia et al. 2006). Although SA1 afferents, as a population, carry the fine spatial information needed for ...
... sensitive to low-frequency vibration, are distributed with even higher density than the SA1 afferents but have relatively poor spatial resolution and may, in fact, impede spatial perception (Bensmaia et al. 2006). Although SA1 afferents, as a population, carry the fine spatial information needed for ...
The Structure of Spatial Receptive Fields of Neurons in Primary
... situ, and the amplitude and phase of a pure tone, at frequencies between 156 Hz and 40 kHz, were stored by computer. These calibration data, together with the impulse response of the delivery system (Chen et al., 1994), were used to correct the VAS signals for the spectrum-altering effects of the so ...
... situ, and the amplitude and phase of a pure tone, at frequencies between 156 Hz and 40 kHz, were stored by computer. These calibration data, together with the impulse response of the delivery system (Chen et al., 1994), were used to correct the VAS signals for the spectrum-altering effects of the so ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
... participating in a probabilistic Pavlovian conditioning task with auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) in ...
... participating in a probabilistic Pavlovian conditioning task with auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) in ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... FIG. 2. Activity of a Psol neuron evoked by sinusoidal roll vestibular stimulation. A: vestibular stimulation about the longitudinal axis evoked maximal modulation of neuronal activity when the left posterior semicircular canal was orthogonal to the axis of rotation. The head of the rabbit was orien ...
... FIG. 2. Activity of a Psol neuron evoked by sinusoidal roll vestibular stimulation. A: vestibular stimulation about the longitudinal axis evoked maximal modulation of neuronal activity when the left posterior semicircular canal was orthogonal to the axis of rotation. The head of the rabbit was orien ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-posit ...
... follows a rostro-caudal gradient, whereas parvalbumin is expressed by a low number of neurons. We observed a high degree of expression of CBPs by GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, with a large majority of calbindin- and calretinin-positive neurons expressing GAD or VGluT2 mRNA. Notably, CBP-posit ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... from, for example, the cortex (Magill et al. 2000). STN neurons, however, have intrinsic membrane properties that can produce more complex firing patterns. In a subset of STN neurons, the generation of a plateau potential, a long-lasting depolarizing potential, have been reported in several studies ...
... from, for example, the cortex (Magill et al. 2000). STN neurons, however, have intrinsic membrane properties that can produce more complex firing patterns. In a subset of STN neurons, the generation of a plateau potential, a long-lasting depolarizing potential, have been reported in several studies ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... synapses, classified as type 1 synapses, are innervated by axons of glutamatergic neurons (Baude et al. 1993). While there are a few reports of specific cell regions on particular types of neurons where type 1 synapses are localized directly on the dendritic shaft (Megias et al. 2001; Parnavelas et ...
... synapses, classified as type 1 synapses, are innervated by axons of glutamatergic neurons (Baude et al. 1993). While there are a few reports of specific cell regions on particular types of neurons where type 1 synapses are localized directly on the dendritic shaft (Megias et al. 2001; Parnavelas et ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... not sensitive to shape (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972), we hypothesized that population activity of sSC neurons could better discriminate these prototypical facial stimuli than activity of individual sSC neurons. It is reported that the sSC neurons had wide range of receptive ...
... not sensitive to shape (Schiller and Koerner, 1971; Goldberg and Wurtz, 1972), we hypothesized that population activity of sSC neurons could better discriminate these prototypical facial stimuli than activity of individual sSC neurons. It is reported that the sSC neurons had wide range of receptive ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... the anatomical data from retinal and cerebellar neurons whose morphology and connectivity are known. The rule may be used to infer connectivity of neurons from their morphology. ...
... the anatomical data from retinal and cerebellar neurons whose morphology and connectivity are known. The rule may be used to infer connectivity of neurons from their morphology. ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.