Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... pathways which contribute to discriminative vs. reflexive behavior) or those serving different functions within the same pathway (e.g. excitatory vs. inhibitory; projection neuron vs. interneuron). The transfer function of an individual rNST neuron is a consequence of its cellular properties and sur ...
... pathways which contribute to discriminative vs. reflexive behavior) or those serving different functions within the same pathway (e.g. excitatory vs. inhibitory; projection neuron vs. interneuron). The transfer function of an individual rNST neuron is a consequence of its cellular properties and sur ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR). We investigated if the cardioinhibitory/depressor areas, including the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), underlied the functional expression of FT ...
... increases systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and decreases heart rate (HR). We investigated if the cardioinhibitory/depressor areas, including the nucleus ambiguus (NA), the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), underlied the functional expression of FT ...
working draft - DAVID KAPLAN | Macquarie University
... autonomy several decades when boldly pronouncing that “[t]he mind can be studied independently from the brain. Psychology (the study of the programs) can be pursued independently from neurophysiology (the study of the machine and the machine code)” (Johnson-Laird 1983, 9). It is important to keep t ...
... autonomy several decades when boldly pronouncing that “[t]he mind can be studied independently from the brain. Psychology (the study of the programs) can be pursued independently from neurophysiology (the study of the machine and the machine code)” (Johnson-Laird 1983, 9). It is important to keep t ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... and a power grip, respectively. The kind of learning that produces mirror neurons (B) occurs when there is correlated (i.e. contiguous and contingent, Table 2) activation of sensory neurons and motor neurons that are each responsive to similar actions. For example, when an adult imitates an infant’s ...
... and a power grip, respectively. The kind of learning that produces mirror neurons (B) occurs when there is correlated (i.e. contiguous and contingent, Table 2) activation of sensory neurons and motor neurons that are each responsive to similar actions. For example, when an adult imitates an infant’s ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... once absorbed into the bloodstream, can pass the blood– brain barrier in transferrin-bound form, and as free Mn2+ ion via a cation transporter (Aschner et al., 1999) and can deposit in the brain. In chronic human disease resulting from long-term occupational exposure to Mn, functional (Shinotoh et a ...
... once absorbed into the bloodstream, can pass the blood– brain barrier in transferrin-bound form, and as free Mn2+ ion via a cation transporter (Aschner et al., 1999) and can deposit in the brain. In chronic human disease resulting from long-term occupational exposure to Mn, functional (Shinotoh et a ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... still in its traditional way and analyze grapho-elements at certain electrodes and latencies. We here show that this way of using the EEG is not only dangerous because it leads to misinterpretations, but it is also largely ignoring the spatial aspects of the signals. In fact, EEG primarily measures ...
... still in its traditional way and analyze grapho-elements at certain electrodes and latencies. We here show that this way of using the EEG is not only dangerous because it leads to misinterpretations, but it is also largely ignoring the spatial aspects of the signals. In fact, EEG primarily measures ...
The Effect of Movement Rate and Complexity on
... extremities, as compared with the upper extremities, then brain activation would not be modulated with movement rate and complexity. To our knowledge this is the first report describing task-related changes in brain activation, as measured by fMRI, during continuous, rhythmic, reciprocal, multijoint ...
... extremities, as compared with the upper extremities, then brain activation would not be modulated with movement rate and complexity. To our knowledge this is the first report describing task-related changes in brain activation, as measured by fMRI, during continuous, rhythmic, reciprocal, multijoint ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... morphology: the existence of branching dendrites and axons and the presence of dendritic spines. Therefore, the requirement of high interconnectivity is, in itself, sufficient to account for the existence of these features. Moreover, the actual lengths of axons and dendrites are close to the smalles ...
... morphology: the existence of branching dendrites and axons and the presence of dendritic spines. Therefore, the requirement of high interconnectivity is, in itself, sufficient to account for the existence of these features. Moreover, the actual lengths of axons and dendrites are close to the smalles ...
5. Third year activities - LIRA-Lab
... typical example of a grasping neuron is shown in Figure 2. In particular, this neuron fires during precision grip (Figure 2, top) but not during whole hand grasping (Figure 2, bottom). Note that the neuron discharges both when the animal grasps with its right hand and when the animal grasps with its ...
... typical example of a grasping neuron is shown in Figure 2. In particular, this neuron fires during precision grip (Figure 2, top) but not during whole hand grasping (Figure 2, bottom). Note that the neuron discharges both when the animal grasps with its right hand and when the animal grasps with its ...
Neurobiology of Economic Choice: A Good
... formal and established behavioral description exists. This rich “psychophysics” can now be used to both guide and constrain research in neuroscience. Third, economic choice is directly relevant to a constellation of mental and neurological disorders, including frontotemporal dementia, obsessive-comp ...
... formal and established behavioral description exists. This rich “psychophysics” can now be used to both guide and constrain research in neuroscience. Third, economic choice is directly relevant to a constellation of mental and neurological disorders, including frontotemporal dementia, obsessive-comp ...
NIH Public Access
... In one category of FM-FM neurons, the FM1 signal evokes only facilitating effects in the pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when th ...
... In one category of FM-FM neurons, the FM1 signal evokes only facilitating effects in the pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when th ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... or in somatosensation (such as loss of tactile sensitivity); they produce deficits in more complex cortical functions including spatial perception and visuomotor integration. Recordings from neurons in this area demonstrate more complex response properties than those found in lower-order sensory are ...
... or in somatosensation (such as loss of tactile sensitivity); they produce deficits in more complex cortical functions including spatial perception and visuomotor integration. Recordings from neurons in this area demonstrate more complex response properties than those found in lower-order sensory are ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... on-line using a DAT 1401plus interface system Spike2 software (Cambridge Electronic Design, ...
... on-line using a DAT 1401plus interface system Spike2 software (Cambridge Electronic Design, ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... that the vigorous neural stimulation arising from the brainstem during active sleep substitutes for the lack of waking stimulation. Specifically, they suggested that this sleep-related stimulation assists in a variety of developmental processes, including “neuronal differentiation, maturation, and m ...
... that the vigorous neural stimulation arising from the brainstem during active sleep substitutes for the lack of waking stimulation. Specifically, they suggested that this sleep-related stimulation assists in a variety of developmental processes, including “neuronal differentiation, maturation, and m ...
Introduction
... these postmitotic cells.9, 11 XIAP is a member of a family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) that have been shown to regulate caspases by directly binding to and inhibiting their function.12 Whereas cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c is insufficient to induce apoptosis in wildtype neu ...
... these postmitotic cells.9, 11 XIAP is a member of a family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) that have been shown to regulate caspases by directly binding to and inhibiting their function.12 Whereas cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c is insufficient to induce apoptosis in wildtype neu ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... Data analysis. The membrane potential was defined as the change in the electrode potential after withdrawal of the electrode from the membrane. Action potential threshold was defined as the potential at which the greatest change in slope of the membrane potential occurred, which was determined from ...
... Data analysis. The membrane potential was defined as the change in the electrode potential after withdrawal of the electrode from the membrane. Action potential threshold was defined as the potential at which the greatest change in slope of the membrane potential occurred, which was determined from ...
in Primate STT Cells Differentially Modulate Brief
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
... Dickenson 1998). A behavioral study found that the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test were potentiated by a group II agonist but slightly reduced by a group III agonist (Fisher and Coderre 1996). The present electrophysiological study of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) ...
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
... poststimulus onset was divided by 500 msec of prestimulus IS activity occurring immediately before stimulus onset. After the ratio values were processed with a Gaussian filter (half-width of 5), the areal extent of the f unctional representation was quantified by thresholding at three levels above p ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
... 4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)] and slow time courses [Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)]. Each feed-forward interneuron connects to 10 pyramidal cells. These synapses elicit synaptic potentials with both fast (20%) and slow (80%) time courses representing GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both time courses hav ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... Connection probability. The probability of finding a synaptically connected pair of a L4 spiny neuron and a L2/3 interneuron was assessed in D, depicts the reconstruction of the neurons shown in Figure 1 B three different ways: (1) the average number of presynaptic L4 neurons and identifies the pres ...
... Connection probability. The probability of finding a synaptically connected pair of a L4 spiny neuron and a L2/3 interneuron was assessed in D, depicts the reconstruction of the neurons shown in Figure 1 B three different ways: (1) the average number of presynaptic L4 neurons and identifies the pres ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
... Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human speeches). In th ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 1958; Friede, 1960). Classically it is an anatomical term referring to regions of the cen ...
... it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 1958; Friede, 1960). Classically it is an anatomical term referring to regions of the cen ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.