Computation with Spikes in a Winner-Take-All Network
... case of spike rate inputs that input discrimination and the effects of selfexcitation and inhibition on this discrimination are consistent with results obtained from the standard rate-based WTA models. We also extend this discrimination analysis of spiking WTAs to nonstationary inputs with time-vary ...
... case of spike rate inputs that input discrimination and the effects of selfexcitation and inhibition on this discrimination are consistent with results obtained from the standard rate-based WTA models. We also extend this discrimination analysis of spiking WTAs to nonstationary inputs with time-vary ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... Immunostaining of Adenosine Deaminase and c-Fos After 1 wk of handling, a separate group of rats was given caffeine intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg in 1 ml of sterile saline, n ⫽ 4) at 12:00 PM. A control group was similarly handled and received an equal volume of saline (n ⫽ 3). Ninety minutes after ca ...
... Immunostaining of Adenosine Deaminase and c-Fos After 1 wk of handling, a separate group of rats was given caffeine intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg in 1 ml of sterile saline, n ⫽ 4) at 12:00 PM. A control group was similarly handled and received an equal volume of saline (n ⫽ 3). Ninety minutes after ca ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... Acoustic communication is widely spread among vertebrates but, among invertebrates, hearing and acoustic communication are well developed only in insects, in which they serve as detection of predators, the location of mates and of hosts (Pollack 2000). Insects offer several advantages as model syste ...
... Acoustic communication is widely spread among vertebrates but, among invertebrates, hearing and acoustic communication are well developed only in insects, in which they serve as detection of predators, the location of mates and of hosts (Pollack 2000). Insects offer several advantages as model syste ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... to test how well several vesicle-release models could capture the dynamics observed physiologically. Already the most basic model variant produced very good results with correlation coefficients between the experimental data and the model prediction of more than 90%. None of the more complex model v ...
... to test how well several vesicle-release models could capture the dynamics observed physiologically. Already the most basic model variant produced very good results with correlation coefficients between the experimental data and the model prediction of more than 90%. None of the more complex model v ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... Figure 1. Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity from the NAS of a rat during self-administration trials using chronically implanted microwires. A, Photographic image of oscilloscope traces of an extracellularly recorded action potential. B, Two NAS neurons whose spike activity was recorded f ...
... Figure 1. Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity from the NAS of a rat during self-administration trials using chronically implanted microwires. A, Photographic image of oscilloscope traces of an extracellularly recorded action potential. B, Two NAS neurons whose spike activity was recorded f ...
The habenular nuclei - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... feedback in this circuit: the VTA projects directly to the LHb and also to the nucleus accumbens, which is a source of LHb afferent innervation. Dopaminergic neurons of the SNc project, via the nigrostriatal tract, to the dorsal striatum (caudate/putamen), which in turn connects to the pallidum, a m ...
... feedback in this circuit: the VTA projects directly to the LHb and also to the nucleus accumbens, which is a source of LHb afferent innervation. Dopaminergic neurons of the SNc project, via the nigrostriatal tract, to the dorsal striatum (caudate/putamen), which in turn connects to the pallidum, a m ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
Realistic synaptic inputs for model neural networks
... solve the firing rate problem. I will assume for simplicity that all synapses lie on the dendritic tree of the model neuron and not on its soma, although somatic inputs could easily be included. The general structure of clle model neuron is shown in figure 2 ( a ) . Since the synaptic inputs are loc ...
... solve the firing rate problem. I will assume for simplicity that all synapses lie on the dendritic tree of the model neuron and not on its soma, although somatic inputs could easily be included. The general structure of clle model neuron is shown in figure 2 ( a ) . Since the synaptic inputs are loc ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... subcortical system such as the retinocollicular projection could help to resolve the separate roles of vision and spontaneous activity. In rodents, the SC plays a prominent role in visual perception. Moreover, unlike cortical ocular dominance column formation (Crowley and Katz 1999, 2000) or orienta ...
... subcortical system such as the retinocollicular projection could help to resolve the separate roles of vision and spontaneous activity. In rodents, the SC plays a prominent role in visual perception. Moreover, unlike cortical ocular dominance column formation (Crowley and Katz 1999, 2000) or orienta ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... optimal adaptation rule is to normalize the inputs from each presynaptic neuron. Inputs from presynaptic neurons with high excitability will tend to have low gain, while inputs from neurons with low excitability will tend to have high gain. Under this rule, short term increases in firing rate are ty ...
... optimal adaptation rule is to normalize the inputs from each presynaptic neuron. Inputs from presynaptic neurons with high excitability will tend to have low gain, while inputs from neurons with low excitability will tend to have high gain. Under this rule, short term increases in firing rate are ty ...
PDF of this article
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
... al. (26) have demonstrated that complete lesioning of the globus pallidus causes a slight increase in the firing rate of subthalamic neurons, which is far less pronounced than the increase observed in animals with nigrostriatal damage. These data suggest that an additional, if not alternative, expla ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... Each experiment finds that this saccadic reaction time (SRT) ranges from rarely less than 100 ms to as much as 500 ms or more. Moreover, SRT can vary over a wide range across a block of trials even within a single task with constant stimuli and unchanging instructions. The origin of the delay and va ...
... Each experiment finds that this saccadic reaction time (SRT) ranges from rarely less than 100 ms to as much as 500 ms or more. Moreover, SRT can vary over a wide range across a block of trials even within a single task with constant stimuli and unchanging instructions. The origin of the delay and va ...
Integration of Perspective and Disparity Cues in Surface
... these depth cues may be integrated in area CIP for the perception of surface orientation in depth. ...
... these depth cues may be integrated in area CIP for the perception of surface orientation in depth. ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... two routes, the so-called direct and indirect pathways. In the direct pathway, cortical and thalamic information is transmitted directly from the striatum to the output nuclei. In the indirect pathway, cortical and thalamic information is transmitted indirectly to the output nuclei via the complex n ...
... two routes, the so-called direct and indirect pathways. In the direct pathway, cortical and thalamic information is transmitted directly from the striatum to the output nuclei. In the indirect pathway, cortical and thalamic information is transmitted indirectly to the output nuclei via the complex n ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
... expressed throughout the entire NB lineage, Chinmo protein shows a temporal gradient in the neuronal progeny. It is absent in NBs and is expressed at its highest levels in the early-born neurons, lower in the next-born neurons, and undetectable in the latest-born neurons. Reducing or increasing Chin ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... higher proportion than in lateral and orbitofrontal cortices. In the temporal lobe, projection neurons originated mostly from the hippocampal formation (ammonic field CA3 and subicular complex), and the amygdala (basolateral, lateral, and basomedial nuclei). In the hypothalamus, a significant number ...
... higher proportion than in lateral and orbitofrontal cortices. In the temporal lobe, projection neurons originated mostly from the hippocampal formation (ammonic field CA3 and subicular complex), and the amygdala (basolateral, lateral, and basomedial nuclei). In the hypothalamus, a significant number ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... matched those of spiny neurons as described in previous studies (Wilson and Groves, 1980). An example showing spontaneous activity of one of these cells is shown in Figure 2. In all control cells, the membrane potential switched between two relatively constant subthreshold levels. Quantification of ...
... matched those of spiny neurons as described in previous studies (Wilson and Groves, 1980). An example showing spontaneous activity of one of these cells is shown in Figure 2. In all control cells, the membrane potential switched between two relatively constant subthreshold levels. Quantification of ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
Neuron
... in the PPC. We used analogs of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (Nakahara et al., 2002), which was originally devised for humans (Anderson et al., 1991; Milner, 1963), and then modified it for monkey lesion studies (Dias et al., 1996, 1997; Passingham, 1972) to test cognitive flexibility; the ...
... in the PPC. We used analogs of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) (Nakahara et al., 2002), which was originally devised for humans (Anderson et al., 1991; Milner, 1963), and then modified it for monkey lesion studies (Dias et al., 1996, 1997; Passingham, 1972) to test cognitive flexibility; the ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.