The Development of Ocular Dominance Columns
... and Harris (1986) blocked neural activity in the two eyes by repeated intraocular injections of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel ligand, tetrodotoxin (TTX), during the period in which ocular dominance columns normally develop. In such animals, neural activity was dramatically reduced in LGN and ...
... and Harris (1986) blocked neural activity in the two eyes by repeated intraocular injections of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel ligand, tetrodotoxin (TTX), during the period in which ocular dominance columns normally develop. In such animals, neural activity was dramatically reduced in LGN and ...
Gao JCN 2000 - Georgia State University
... GABA-ir neurons at postnatal day (P) 60. This occurred long after the cortical layers were in place, and near the close of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Chapman et al., 1996; Ruthazer et al., 1999). One aim of this study was to characterize further the neurons involved in the ...
... GABA-ir neurons at postnatal day (P) 60. This occurred long after the cortical layers were in place, and near the close of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity (Chapman et al., 1996; Ruthazer et al., 1999). One aim of this study was to characterize further the neurons involved in the ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
... Kaseda, and Hideo Sakata. Selectivity for the shape, size, and orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intrapar ...
Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... and humans appear to lack them (Moore and Osen 1979). Some work (Brown et al. 1988) suggests that only the thick MOC axons form cochlear nucleus branches. Other studies (Ryan et al. 1990; Horvath et al. 2000), however, suggest branches from LOC neurons. Perhaps these differences arise from differen ...
... and humans appear to lack them (Moore and Osen 1979). Some work (Brown et al. 1988) suggests that only the thick MOC axons form cochlear nucleus branches. Other studies (Ryan et al. 1990; Horvath et al. 2000), however, suggest branches from LOC neurons. Perhaps these differences arise from differen ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... until recently, this has been technically impossible to do in vivo, because electrophysiological recording techniques cannot densely probe neurons at this spatial resolution, while optical techniques to monitor neural physiology have been limited to use at the surface of the tissue. Recently, this h ...
... until recently, this has been technically impossible to do in vivo, because electrophysiological recording techniques cannot densely probe neurons at this spatial resolution, while optical techniques to monitor neural physiology have been limited to use at the surface of the tissue. Recently, this h ...
Free recall and recognition in a network model of the... simulating effects of scopolamine on human memory function
... simulations of neurons, synaptic connections, and the effects of acetylcholine. Simulations focus on modeling the effects of the acetylcholine receptor blocker scopolamine on human memory. Systemic administration of scopolamine is modeled by blockade of the cellular effects of acetylcholine in the m ...
... simulations of neurons, synaptic connections, and the effects of acetylcholine. Simulations focus on modeling the effects of the acetylcholine receptor blocker scopolamine on human memory. Systemic administration of scopolamine is modeled by blockade of the cellular effects of acetylcholine in the m ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
... received a reward, and this has been quantified in a more recent study (Berlin et al., 2004). The importance of the failure to rapidly learn about the value of stimuli from negative feedback has also been described as a critical difficulty for patients with orbitofrontal cortex lesions (Fellows, 200 ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... inset). In addition, one of the subbranches left the region of these glomeruli, crossed the midline of the brain, entered the contralateral olfactory bulb, and bifurcated there to innervate a glomerulus close to the midline (lower inset). In all cases, irrespectively of the number of glomeruli inner ...
... inset). In addition, one of the subbranches left the region of these glomeruli, crossed the midline of the brain, entered the contralateral olfactory bulb, and bifurcated there to innervate a glomerulus close to the midline (lower inset). In all cases, irrespectively of the number of glomeruli inner ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... (Figure 2B). At 100 and 300 nM concentrations of 6-bromoindirubin-30 -acetoxime, concentrations that should produce complete elimination of GSK-3 activity, NGFdependent axon growth of DRG neurons was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (Figures 2A, 2B, and S3A). Multiple branches were frequently ob ...
... (Figure 2B). At 100 and 300 nM concentrations of 6-bromoindirubin-30 -acetoxime, concentrations that should produce complete elimination of GSK-3 activity, NGFdependent axon growth of DRG neurons was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (Figures 2A, 2B, and S3A). Multiple branches were frequently ob ...
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Receptive Fields in Primate
... distributed randomly within a rectangular region 28 mm wide and 250 mm (first monkey) or 175 mm (second monkey) long (for details, see DiC arlo et al., 1998). Dots were randomly distributed within this rectangular region with a mean density of 10 dots/cm 2. Each dot was 400 mm high (relief from the ...
... distributed randomly within a rectangular region 28 mm wide and 250 mm (first monkey) or 175 mm (second monkey) long (for details, see DiC arlo et al., 1998). Dots were randomly distributed within this rectangular region with a mean density of 10 dots/cm 2. Each dot was 400 mm high (relief from the ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
... nitric oxide synthase [15, 18, 133, 140] and estrogen receptors [90]. In the ventrolateral aspect of the nucleus, the estrogen receptors have been found to be expressed in numerous NADPH-d-positive neurons (Fig. 10) [18, 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological signif ...
Branching out: mechanisms of dendritic arborization
... larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) acquire their distinct dendrite morphology 24,25, and discuss mechanisms that are likely to be of relevance to dendrite morphogenesis of neurons in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. ...
... larval peripheral nervous system (PNS) acquire their distinct dendrite morphology 24,25, and discuss mechanisms that are likely to be of relevance to dendrite morphogenesis of neurons in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. ...
Organization of Cortical and Thalamic Input to Pyramidal Neurons in
... were added to the bath (Petreanu et al., 2009). 4-AP blocks K ⫹ channels that are critical for repolarizing the axon. Under these conditions, short laser pulses (1–2 ms) depolarized ChR2-expressing axons in the vicinity of the laser beam and triggered the local release of glutamate. NMDA receptors w ...
... were added to the bath (Petreanu et al., 2009). 4-AP blocks K ⫹ channels that are critical for repolarizing the axon. Under these conditions, short laser pulses (1–2 ms) depolarized ChR2-expressing axons in the vicinity of the laser beam and triggered the local release of glutamate. NMDA receptors w ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... the isolated neuron can be checked electrophysiologically as well as visually in the intact ganglion prior to removal. The second primary difference between Aplysia cell culture techniques and those used for Lymnaea or Helisoma is the nature of the additives to the cell culture media to promote robu ...
... the isolated neuron can be checked electrophysiologically as well as visually in the intact ganglion prior to removal. The second primary difference between Aplysia cell culture techniques and those used for Lymnaea or Helisoma is the nature of the additives to the cell culture media to promote robu ...
2015 Cosyne Program
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
... to foster invention both within Qualcomm and in the community. Our researchers and computational scientists engage in a wide variety of exciting and technically challenging projects—including exploring applications of systems neuroscience research to machine learning, to enable "smarter" and more eff ...
Reward and Aversion
... psychological components: liking (pleasure, hedonic reaction to reward), wanting (desire, motivational process of incentive salience), and learning (Berridge & Kringelbach 2015). Dopamine (DA) was once considered almost synonymous with reward, but investigation of exactly which of the above componen ...
... psychological components: liking (pleasure, hedonic reaction to reward), wanting (desire, motivational process of incentive salience), and learning (Berridge & Kringelbach 2015). Dopamine (DA) was once considered almost synonymous with reward, but investigation of exactly which of the above componen ...
Assembly and Function of Spinal Circuits for Motor Control
... initial patterns are further fine-tuned by selective cross-repressive interactions between pairs of transcription factors. Recent evidence indicates that repressive interactions among these factors lead to a stable memory of Shh signaling (Balaskas et al. 2012). These intrinsic repressive networks e ...
... initial patterns are further fine-tuned by selective cross-repressive interactions between pairs of transcription factors. Recent evidence indicates that repressive interactions among these factors lead to a stable memory of Shh signaling (Balaskas et al. 2012). These intrinsic repressive networks e ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neurons; if this occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiation (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, the Stop cue only causes a tr ...
... (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neurons; if this occurs early enough, it can oppose action initiation (Schmidt et al., 2013). However, the Stop cue only causes a tr ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... neurons. Williams and co-workers pioneered the use of D2 DA autoreceptor-dependent currents as a ‘biosensor’ for evoked DA release in the SNc and VTA [23,24,26,55,69,72]. The detected currents arise from the DA-dependent activation of D2 autoreceptors, which are linked to G-protein-coupled inwardly ...
... neurons. Williams and co-workers pioneered the use of D2 DA autoreceptor-dependent currents as a ‘biosensor’ for evoked DA release in the SNc and VTA [23,24,26,55,69,72]. The detected currents arise from the DA-dependent activation of D2 autoreceptors, which are linked to G-protein-coupled inwardly ...
AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... Ca 21 permeability of native AMPA receptors in neurons is inversely correlated with the relative abundance of edited GluR2 and ranges from almost 0 to .2 in different neuronal cell types (Jonas et al., 1994; Geiger et al., 1995). Direct Ca 21 entry through AMPA receptors is capable of triggering neu ...
... Ca 21 permeability of native AMPA receptors in neurons is inversely correlated with the relative abundance of edited GluR2 and ranges from almost 0 to .2 in different neuronal cell types (Jonas et al., 1994; Geiger et al., 1995). Direct Ca 21 entry through AMPA receptors is capable of triggering neu ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ...
... PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
Dendritic Spine Density Varies Between Unisensory
... (Purpura 1974). Studies have shown decreases in spine density in neocortical pyramidal neurons in patients with schizophrenia. One study of schizophrenics found 59 and 66% decreases in spine density in temporal and frontal cortical regions, respectively (Garey et al 1998). Another study (Glantz et ...
... (Purpura 1974). Studies have shown decreases in spine density in neocortical pyramidal neurons in patients with schizophrenia. One study of schizophrenics found 59 and 66% decreases in spine density in temporal and frontal cortical regions, respectively (Garey et al 1998). Another study (Glantz et ...
Antennal Mechanosensory Neurons Mediate Wing Motor Reflexes
... expression in individual flies, we inspected each fly’s brain after the experiment using a 2-photon microscope and confirmed that EGFPlabeled JO neurons are not present, but EGFP signal could be detected in other central neurons driven by the JO-AB/JO-CE GAL4 driver. In these experiments, the progen ...
... expression in individual flies, we inspected each fly’s brain after the experiment using a 2-photon microscope and confirmed that EGFPlabeled JO neurons are not present, but EGFP signal could be detected in other central neurons driven by the JO-AB/JO-CE GAL4 driver. In these experiments, the progen ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.