Glycine Binding Sites of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors May
... NMDA synaptic currents (Baptista and Varanda 2005; Mothet et al. 2000). The ability of glycine or D-serine to potentiate NMDA-R responses clearly indicates that the glycine binding site of NMDA-Rs is not saturated. To date, a number of studies have shown that the NMDA-Rs are present on the presynapt ...
... NMDA synaptic currents (Baptista and Varanda 2005; Mothet et al. 2000). The ability of glycine or D-serine to potentiate NMDA-R responses clearly indicates that the glycine binding site of NMDA-Rs is not saturated. To date, a number of studies have shown that the NMDA-Rs are present on the presynapt ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
... "clinical" type of testing was designed to allow analysis of neuronal responses related to feeding, or to the presentation of aversive objects. Various food, non-food and aversive objects were presented and brought towards the animal, and in the case of foods, fed to the animal. Measurements of the ...
Dynamics of Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness Across
... now thought to be associated with profound oscillations between brain structures (Ching et al., 2010; Cimenser et al., 2011; Lewis et al., 2012; Purdon et al., 2013; Akeju et al., 2014). Human EEG studies show predictable, signature changes during anestheticinduced unconsciousness (Purdon et al., 20 ...
... now thought to be associated with profound oscillations between brain structures (Ching et al., 2010; Cimenser et al., 2011; Lewis et al., 2012; Purdon et al., 2013; Akeju et al., 2014). Human EEG studies show predictable, signature changes during anestheticinduced unconsciousness (Purdon et al., 20 ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... 54%, FoxO3 ‐ 71%. The functional domains of these genes was conserved to a far greater extent suggesting that the cellular functions of these genes is highly conserved. By in situ, we found that AptFoxP2 and AptOtx1 transcripts were expressed predominantly in DC; the dorsolateral pallium (DL) con ...
... 54%, FoxO3 ‐ 71%. The functional domains of these genes was conserved to a far greater extent suggesting that the cellular functions of these genes is highly conserved. By in situ, we found that AptFoxP2 and AptOtx1 transcripts were expressed predominantly in DC; the dorsolateral pallium (DL) con ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... frequencies (Figure 3b). In contrast, among all forward-suppressed units in Ai35/Pvalb-Cre mice (n = 21 units from 8 mice), normalized suppression profiles with inactivation of Pvalb+ interneurons were generally similar to those from light-off trials (Figure 3c), suggesting that inactivating Pvalb+ ...
... frequencies (Figure 3b). In contrast, among all forward-suppressed units in Ai35/Pvalb-Cre mice (n = 21 units from 8 mice), normalized suppression profiles with inactivation of Pvalb+ interneurons were generally similar to those from light-off trials (Figure 3c), suggesting that inactivating Pvalb+ ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
What and Where Information in the Caudate Tail Guides Saccades
... fixating on the fixation point. After an FP–TG the CDt. An electrolytic lesion made after recording of a single CDt neuron is found in the dorsolateral part of the CDt. Note that the CDt is overlap period (600 ms for monkey Z; 450 ms surrounded by the posterior part of the putamen (Put), lateral gen ...
... fixating on the fixation point. After an FP–TG the CDt. An electrolytic lesion made after recording of a single CDt neuron is found in the dorsolateral part of the CDt. Note that the CDt is overlap period (600 ms for monkey Z; 450 ms surrounded by the posterior part of the putamen (Put), lateral gen ...
Measurement of variability dynamics in cortical spike trains
... irregularity in rate-modulated pocesses. 2.1.1. Renewal point processes Stochastic point processes are frequently employed as mathematical models for neuronal spiking (e.g. Johnson, 1996; Perkel et al., 1967a, b; Tuckwell, 1988). Of particular interest is the class of renewal processes (Cox, 1962). ...
... irregularity in rate-modulated pocesses. 2.1.1. Renewal point processes Stochastic point processes are frequently employed as mathematical models for neuronal spiking (e.g. Johnson, 1996; Perkel et al., 1967a, b; Tuckwell, 1988). Of particular interest is the class of renewal processes (Cox, 1962). ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... reflexes. After paralysis of the animal, supplemental anesthetic was administered when irregularities were observed in ABP, heart rate, and respiratory rate and pattern. To minimize movement of brain by mechanical ventilation, a bilateral pneumothorax was created. The inlet of the ventilator was con ...
... reflexes. After paralysis of the animal, supplemental anesthetic was administered when irregularities were observed in ABP, heart rate, and respiratory rate and pattern. To minimize movement of brain by mechanical ventilation, a bilateral pneumothorax was created. The inlet of the ventilator was con ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippoc ...
... highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippoc ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... participation of Ca+t ions in the plastic phenomena since NMDA receptor activation raises Ca+t conductance into postsynaptic cells. The resulting Ca+ fluxes may trigger off synaptic modifications. Apart from the investigations concerning the role of NMDA receptors in visual cortical plasticity, ther ...
... participation of Ca+t ions in the plastic phenomena since NMDA receptor activation raises Ca+t conductance into postsynaptic cells. The resulting Ca+ fluxes may trigger off synaptic modifications. Apart from the investigations concerning the role of NMDA receptors in visual cortical plasticity, ther ...
ficient mice: Distinct effects in Finnish variant late infantile NCL
... models of NCL share several common pathological similarities, including selective loss of GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, cortical and thalamic atrophy and pronounced early gliosis (reviewed in Mitchison et al., 2004; Cooper et al., 2006). More detailed pathological analyses of mouse models of ...
... models of NCL share several common pathological similarities, including selective loss of GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, cortical and thalamic atrophy and pronounced early gliosis (reviewed in Mitchison et al., 2004; Cooper et al., 2006). More detailed pathological analyses of mouse models of ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... (Supplementary Fig. 3). In both PPN- and LDT-injected rats, we detected fluorescentlylabeled axons in the VTA, the borders of which were defined by the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive (TH+) neurons (Fig. 1b and 2b). Labeled axons were mapped across the full extent of the VTA and ...
... (Supplementary Fig. 3). In both PPN- and LDT-injected rats, we detected fluorescentlylabeled axons in the VTA, the borders of which were defined by the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive (TH+) neurons (Fig. 1b and 2b). Labeled axons were mapped across the full extent of the VTA and ...
Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, we were interested to understand which specific information about rewards would be coded by the different neuronal systems. The present review comprises seven sect ...
... reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, we were interested to understand which specific information about rewards would be coded by the different neuronal systems. The present review comprises seven sect ...
The W cell pathway to cat primary visual cortex
... the white matter or even beyond the layer 3/4 border (Fig. 3A,B). Among those layer 1-projecting axons that could be traced from the deep cortical layers (Fig. 3C,D), the arborization in the upper layers appeared to be less extensive in layer 1 than in layer 2/3. The true extent of the projection in ...
... the white matter or even beyond the layer 3/4 border (Fig. 3A,B). Among those layer 1-projecting axons that could be traced from the deep cortical layers (Fig. 3C,D), the arborization in the upper layers appeared to be less extensive in layer 1 than in layer 2/3. The true extent of the projection in ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... PBS and used at 0.1 pm. Anti-SV2 is a mouse mAb to the synaptic vesicle transmembrane glycoprotein SV2 (Buckley and Kelly, 1985). The anti-SV2 mAb was generously provided by Dr. Kathleen Buckley (Harvard Medical School) and Dr. Regis Kelly (University of California at San Francisco) and was used at ...
... PBS and used at 0.1 pm. Anti-SV2 is a mouse mAb to the synaptic vesicle transmembrane glycoprotein SV2 (Buckley and Kelly, 1985). The anti-SV2 mAb was generously provided by Dr. Kathleen Buckley (Harvard Medical School) and Dr. Regis Kelly (University of California at San Francisco) and was used at ...
Move to the rhythm: oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus–external
... rebound depolarization, which generates a single spike, restores rhythmic spiking and/or generates a burst of activity (Fig. 2g,h) [63]. Multiple IPSPs can also reduce and/or prevent action-potential generation (Fig. 2f) [63]. The pattern and rate of inhibitory input are, therefore, crucial in deter ...
... rebound depolarization, which generates a single spike, restores rhythmic spiking and/or generates a burst of activity (Fig. 2g,h) [63]. Multiple IPSPs can also reduce and/or prevent action-potential generation (Fig. 2f) [63]. The pattern and rate of inhibitory input are, therefore, crucial in deter ...
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli
... caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. Then sensory-specific satiety occurs because in this caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste area (but not earlier in the taste system) it is a property of the synapses that repeated stimulation results in a decreased neuronal response. 6. Ev ...
... caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. Then sensory-specific satiety occurs because in this caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste area (but not earlier in the taste system) it is a property of the synapses that repeated stimulation results in a decreased neuronal response. 6. Ev ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior screening of a large set of stimuli of the type known to activate different inferior temporal cortex (Rolls & Tovee, 1995b), with examples illustrated in Fig. 1, such that only one of the stimuli activated t ...
... ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior screening of a large set of stimuli of the type known to activate different inferior temporal cortex (Rolls & Tovee, 1995b), with examples illustrated in Fig. 1, such that only one of the stimuli activated t ...
Article
... mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural circuits, such as spatio-temporal coordination and flexibility. Each cycle of motor output involves sequences of muscle contraction and relaxation in multiple parts of the body, and c ...
... mammals, sharing many similarities [4, 5]. CPG networks underlying locomotion exhibit features common to many neural circuits, such as spatio-temporal coordination and flexibility. Each cycle of motor output involves sequences of muscle contraction and relaxation in multiple parts of the body, and c ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... formed by the presynaptic neurons of type j and Nu the number of neurons in layer u. In its simplest form, Peters’s rule states that the Sju synapses distribute evenly over the Nu potential target neurons (i.e., each neuron in layer u receives Sju/Nu synapses of type j). However, this rule ignores s ...
... formed by the presynaptic neurons of type j and Nu the number of neurons in layer u. In its simplest form, Peters’s rule states that the Sju synapses distribute evenly over the Nu potential target neurons (i.e., each neuron in layer u receives Sju/Nu synapses of type j). However, this rule ignores s ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
... will preferentially release glutamate and increase the excitability of postsynaptic orexin neurons. With higher firing frequencies, glutamate release becomes depressed (133), while peptide release would be favored. This will initially induce an inhibitory postsynaptic response due to the inhibitory ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... roles of SC visual, movement, and visuo-movement neurons in a target-selection task that does not impose a delay period. One aim of the current study is to compare the responses of SC neurons in a single-stimulus task and in the search task to determine the extent to which the detailed knowledge of ...
... roles of SC visual, movement, and visuo-movement neurons in a target-selection task that does not impose a delay period. One aim of the current study is to compare the responses of SC neurons in a single-stimulus task and in the search task to determine the extent to which the detailed knowledge of ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.