Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... in these conditions does not inhibit the contraction produced by exogenous bradykinin (Ambache and Aboo Zar, 1970) is unlikely to inhibit directly the muscle. Thus the inhibitory action is likely to be via enteric neurons. A third class of histamine receptors has been identified. Histamine H3 recept ...
... in these conditions does not inhibit the contraction produced by exogenous bradykinin (Ambache and Aboo Zar, 1970) is unlikely to inhibit directly the muscle. Thus the inhibitory action is likely to be via enteric neurons. A third class of histamine receptors has been identified. Histamine H3 recept ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise from variability in the rate of rhythmic activity (i.e., cycle period) and in the intensity of action potential bursts (i.e., graded changes in intraburst action potential number a ...
... functionally linked in different combinations and in different temporal patterns. Additional motor plasticity can arise from variability in the rate of rhythmic activity (i.e., cycle period) and in the intensity of action potential bursts (i.e., graded changes in intraburst action potential number a ...
Temperature Integration at the AC Thermosensory Neurons
... response at ⬃25°C (white bar) and during the second response at ⬃27°C (black bar). The circles show the peak temperatures of quickly heated to ⬃45°C using a CL-100 bipolar the experiments in each category. The number of circles represents the number of assays. Error bars are the SEM. The line graph ...
... response at ⬃25°C (white bar) and during the second response at ⬃27°C (black bar). The circles show the peak temperatures of quickly heated to ⬃45°C using a CL-100 bipolar the experiments in each category. The number of circles represents the number of assays. Error bars are the SEM. The line graph ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... E-mail: [email protected] This material is available online at http://bi.snu.ac.kr/ ...
... E-mail: [email protected] This material is available online at http://bi.snu.ac.kr/ ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP immunostaining (brown). The image shows the dorsal diencephalon of a dissected brain of a 4 dpf larva. Dotted lines show the borders of the habenulae ...
... axonal projection within the FR, from the rHb to the IPN. (b) A single R habenular neuron labeled by focal electroporation and visualized by anti-GFP immunostaining (brown). The image shows the dorsal diencephalon of a dissected brain of a 4 dpf larva. Dotted lines show the borders of the habenulae ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... Subsequently, substantial direct evidence has supported population coding over equipotentiality, for example, a review shows population coding is used in a wide range of brain areas (Schoenbaum, 1998). Much of the evidence for population coding, and other phenomena, is derived from the widely used t ...
... Subsequently, substantial direct evidence has supported population coding over equipotentiality, for example, a review shows population coding is used in a wide range of brain areas (Schoenbaum, 1998). Much of the evidence for population coding, and other phenomena, is derived from the widely used t ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... However, animals and humans with basal ganglia dysfunctions show deficits that may not simply be classified as movement disorders. For example, animals with large lesions in the striatum may ignore a moving object or obsessively follow it (Denny-Brown, 1962). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have ...
... However, animals and humans with basal ganglia dysfunctions show deficits that may not simply be classified as movement disorders. For example, animals with large lesions in the striatum may ignore a moving object or obsessively follow it (Denny-Brown, 1962). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs underlie most aspects of vertebrate nervous system development a ...
... also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs underlie most aspects of vertebrate nervous system development a ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be crucial for expression and likely storage of long-term memory. However, little is known about how ACC activity is influenced by hippocampal ripple activity during sleep. We report here about coordinated interactions between hippocampal ripple activity and ...
... cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be crucial for expression and likely storage of long-term memory. However, little is known about how ACC activity is influenced by hippocampal ripple activity during sleep. We report here about coordinated interactions between hippocampal ripple activity and ...
Potassium Currents Responsible for Inward and Outward
... 1980; Kawaguchi et al., 1989, 1990) (Fig. 1A). The basic electrophysiological properties (e.g., membranepotential, input resistance,spike threshold)of all unidentified neuronswere identical to those of the labeledspiny neurons.In addition, the subthreshold responsesof the subpopulationsof identified ...
... 1980; Kawaguchi et al., 1989, 1990) (Fig. 1A). The basic electrophysiological properties (e.g., membranepotential, input resistance,spike threshold)of all unidentified neuronswere identical to those of the labeledspiny neurons.In addition, the subthreshold responsesof the subpopulationsof identified ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... Effects of luminance modulation outside the RF We reported previously that a significant percentage of neurons in striate cortex respond to luminance modulation outside the RF (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis a ...
... Effects of luminance modulation outside the RF We reported previously that a significant percentage of neurons in striate cortex respond to luminance modulation outside the RF (Rossi et al., 1996). Here we will briefly review the key elements of the cortical results and provide additional analysis a ...
Galanin in Alzheimer s disease: Neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
... muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists or cholinergic immunotoxin lesions [31, 81, 82]. A role for GAL in glutamate-mediated LTP in the hippocampus may also contribute to GALs effects on memory. Electrophysiological studies in rodent hippocampal slices show that GAL restricts LTP at both perforant pat ...
... muscarinic ACh receptor antagonists or cholinergic immunotoxin lesions [31, 81, 82]. A role for GAL in glutamate-mediated LTP in the hippocampus may also contribute to GALs effects on memory. Electrophysiological studies in rodent hippocampal slices show that GAL restricts LTP at both perforant pat ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular the olfactory pathways. Due to their highly specialized ability of detecting air-born molecules over long distances, plus an accessible nervous system, noctuid moths have serve ...
... system devoted to process chemosensory information is strikingly well conserved across the different species, in particular the olfactory pathways. Due to their highly specialized ability of detecting air-born molecules over long distances, plus an accessible nervous system, noctuid moths have serve ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
... discharges showed the highest incidence of overlapping receptive fields. However, in these studies, very little information was presented on mechanisms and/or pathways contributing to the intersegmental synchronization of the spontaneous activity of these neurons. One question that emerged from the ...
Morphological Analysis of Dendritic Spine Development in Primary
... The dendritic spine constitutes the main locus of excitatory synaptic interaction among central neurons. The great variety of shapes,strategic location, and abundancehas focusedconsiderableattention on the dendritic spineas the key site for the potential encoding of activity-dependent, neuronal plas ...
... The dendritic spine constitutes the main locus of excitatory synaptic interaction among central neurons. The great variety of shapes,strategic location, and abundancehas focusedconsiderableattention on the dendritic spineas the key site for the potential encoding of activity-dependent, neuronal plas ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... level of sympathetic tone present at rest is presumably crucial for long-term blood pressure (BP) control. The network that sets this background level is located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the spinal cord, the hypothalamus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Limbic, cortic ...
... level of sympathetic tone present at rest is presumably crucial for long-term blood pressure (BP) control. The network that sets this background level is located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the spinal cord, the hypothalamus and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Limbic, cortic ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... However, the chosen motor action (e.g., reach and grasp) must be aimed at a valuable object (e.g., ripe apple). To obtain a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Amo ...
... However, the chosen motor action (e.g., reach and grasp) must be aimed at a valuable object (e.g., ripe apple). To obtain a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Amo ...
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... cells becomes asymmetric (skewed) with experience, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally (673). This example illustrates how a learning mechanism specifically depends on temporal correlations of neural firing activity. Correlated activity (coherent rhythms in particular) also plays an impor ...
... cells becomes asymmetric (skewed) with experience, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally (673). This example illustrates how a learning mechanism specifically depends on temporal correlations of neural firing activity. Correlated activity (coherent rhythms in particular) also plays an impor ...
hanPNAS11
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
... In the postnatal day (P) 0 Tbr1−/− neocortex, the number of neurons highly expressing Fezf2-Gfp, which did not migrate normally (18), increased significantly from 21.8% in Tbr1+/+ to 33.3% in Tbr1−/− (P = 0.0058) (Fig. 2C). This significant increase in the total number of Fezf2-Gfp–expressing neurons ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... 3.1. Motional Properties of BDNF-Containing Vesicles In Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. To analyze the role of BDNF transport in Alzheimer’s disease, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins was performed in dissociated hippocampal neurons from an Alzheimer’s disease mouse ...
... 3.1. Motional Properties of BDNF-Containing Vesicles In Transgenic Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. To analyze the role of BDNF transport in Alzheimer’s disease, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled proteins was performed in dissociated hippocampal neurons from an Alzheimer’s disease mouse ...
A compensatory subpopulation of motor neurons in a mouse model
... whereas others degenerate. We sought to understand how loss and growth occur at individual neuromuscular junctions and whether such opposing events can occur in different branches of the same neuron or, alternatively, whether whole motor units are either compensating or degenerative. Evidence from d ...
... whereas others degenerate. We sought to understand how loss and growth occur at individual neuromuscular junctions and whether such opposing events can occur in different branches of the same neuron or, alternatively, whether whole motor units are either compensating or degenerative. Evidence from d ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... boundary separating dorsal PN (paranigral nucleus) from ventral PBP (parabrachial nucleus) was established based on visible changes in the density of dopaminergic cell bodies and their dendritic orientation. Cell bodies in PN tended to be more densely packed and with dendrites oriented in a ventrome ...
... boundary separating dorsal PN (paranigral nucleus) from ventral PBP (parabrachial nucleus) was established based on visible changes in the density of dopaminergic cell bodies and their dendritic orientation. Cell bodies in PN tended to be more densely packed and with dendrites oriented in a ventrome ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... cells becomes asymmetric (skewed) with experience, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally (673). This example illustrates how a learning mechanism specifically depends on temporal correlations of neural firing activity. Correlated activity (coherent rhythms in particular) also plays an impor ...
... cells becomes asymmetric (skewed) with experience, a prediction that was confirmed experimentally (673). This example illustrates how a learning mechanism specifically depends on temporal correlations of neural firing activity. Correlated activity (coherent rhythms in particular) also plays an impor ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.