Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... conditions, DRG neurons were killed or their ability to extend axons was dramatically impaired. The concurrent induction of proregenerative and neurotoxic functions in zymosan-activated macrophages (ZAMs) was confirmed in vitro using DRG and cortical neurons. Importantly, the ability of ZAMs to stim ...
... conditions, DRG neurons were killed or their ability to extend axons was dramatically impaired. The concurrent induction of proregenerative and neurotoxic functions in zymosan-activated macrophages (ZAMs) was confirmed in vitro using DRG and cortical neurons. Importantly, the ability of ZAMs to stim ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... the “integrate-and-fire” model (Lapicque, 1907). According to this model, neurons integrate synaptic input via their membrane capacitance and fire spikes when their voltage reaches spike threshold (Lapicque, 1907; Tuckwell, 1988). For the many types of neurons that obey this principle, the rate of s ...
... the “integrate-and-fire” model (Lapicque, 1907). According to this model, neurons integrate synaptic input via their membrane capacitance and fire spikes when their voltage reaches spike threshold (Lapicque, 1907; Tuckwell, 1988). For the many types of neurons that obey this principle, the rate of s ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... Shapiro, 2007, 2009). Different components of PFC function may be mediated by different PFC subregions (well reviewed in Robbins, 1996; Uylings et al., 2003; Kesner and Churchwell, 2011). Elucidating the precise cellular constituents and mechanism(s) underlying PFC function, and how it exerts top-do ...
... Shapiro, 2007, 2009). Different components of PFC function may be mediated by different PFC subregions (well reviewed in Robbins, 1996; Uylings et al., 2003; Kesner and Churchwell, 2011). Elucidating the precise cellular constituents and mechanism(s) underlying PFC function, and how it exerts top-do ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... in a 10×10-mm area around the center of the recording cylinder. The electrodes were advanced through the intact dura by a hydraulic microdrive. Signals were conventionally amplified, band-pass filtered, and digitally stored for off-line analysis. Extracellular responses were collected either while t ...
... in a 10×10-mm area around the center of the recording cylinder. The electrodes were advanced through the intact dura by a hydraulic microdrive. Signals were conventionally amplified, band-pass filtered, and digitally stored for off-line analysis. Extracellular responses were collected either while t ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
... Deciding when to leave a depleting resource to exploit another is a fundamental problem for all decision makers. The neuronal mechanisms mediating patch-leaving decisions remain unknown. We found that neurons in primate (Macaca mulatta) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, an area that is linked to rew ...
Modelling Neuronal Mechanisms of the Processing of Tones and System
... the technical term source separation problem is more familiar. Be that as it may, these terms essentially all concern the same problem — how is a listener able to distinguish between different auditory sources in an environment? This phenomenon occurs frequently, sometimes without us even consciousl ...
... the technical term source separation problem is more familiar. Be that as it may, these terms essentially all concern the same problem — how is a listener able to distinguish between different auditory sources in an environment? This phenomenon occurs frequently, sometimes without us even consciousl ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
... GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline and found that the deprived eye inputs were retained in area 17. Finally, both Frtgnac et al. (1988) and Greuel et al. (1988) found in acute preparations that synaptic effectiveness could be changed by pairing retinal stimulation with the ionophoretic applicatio ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... brain does not adhere to this clear-cut separation (Cisek 2012; Selen and others 2012; Thura and Cisek 2014). Instead, the influence of different processes is thought to occur in a continuous, parallel fashion, whereby several regions influence a continuous tug-of-war between different action repres ...
... brain does not adhere to this clear-cut separation (Cisek 2012; Selen and others 2012; Thura and Cisek 2014). Instead, the influence of different processes is thought to occur in a continuous, parallel fashion, whereby several regions influence a continuous tug-of-war between different action repres ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... units in the human medial temporal lobe while subjects reported their percept during flash suppression. The medial temporal lobe (MTL) typically constitutes one of the potential areas suspected to be part of the seizure onset focus. The MTL receives direct input from the inferior temporal cortex, th ...
... units in the human medial temporal lobe while subjects reported their percept during flash suppression. The medial temporal lobe (MTL) typically constitutes one of the potential areas suspected to be part of the seizure onset focus. The MTL receives direct input from the inferior temporal cortex, th ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Menzel, 1993), indicating postsynaptic terminals in the lobes and presynaptic endings in the calyces for these neurons. Feedback neurons, thus, would transmit information from the output of the MB back to its input regions. Because they are immunoreactive to GABA (Bicker et al., 1985), feedback neur ...
... Menzel, 1993), indicating postsynaptic terminals in the lobes and presynaptic endings in the calyces for these neurons. Feedback neurons, thus, would transmit information from the output of the MB back to its input regions. Because they are immunoreactive to GABA (Bicker et al., 1985), feedback neur ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... have been reinforced. It has been proposed68 that cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain receive information on the expected availability of reinforcement through afferent inputs from the orbitofrontal cortex. Through their widespread corticopetal projections the cholinergic neurons may then be ...
... have been reinforced. It has been proposed68 that cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain receive information on the expected availability of reinforcement through afferent inputs from the orbitofrontal cortex. Through their widespread corticopetal projections the cholinergic neurons may then be ...
Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity
... noxious heat and mechanical stimulation in rats with sciatic nerve loose ligation [7]. Our recent study demonstrated that the discharge frequency of the WDR neuron decreased significantly after the administration of galanin in intact rats (unpublished data). The present study demonstrated that the d ...
... noxious heat and mechanical stimulation in rats with sciatic nerve loose ligation [7]. Our recent study demonstrated that the discharge frequency of the WDR neuron decreased significantly after the administration of galanin in intact rats (unpublished data). The present study demonstrated that the d ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as indicated by a driven spike on the leading edge of the negative field potential. Such driven-spike responses were always associated with negative field potentials an ...
... electrode, as indicated by the observed negative field potentials. Stimulation of these positions also activated the single neuron, as indicated by a driven spike on the leading edge of the negative field potential. Such driven-spike responses were always associated with negative field potentials an ...
Neuromorphic computing
... Action potentials The activity of a neuron (its “output”) is the action potential (or spike), generated by voltage-gated ionic channels. 1. An external electric stimulus reach the membrane, depolarizing it. 2. Depolarization of the membrane opens Na+ channels ...
... Action potentials The activity of a neuron (its “output”) is the action potential (or spike), generated by voltage-gated ionic channels. 1. An external electric stimulus reach the membrane, depolarizing it. 2. Depolarization of the membrane opens Na+ channels ...
Citation As Published Publisher Version Accessed
... Margoliash, 1996, Leonardo and Fee, 2005). This sequence of bursts then converges to drive a sequential pattern of activity in downstream motor neurons and muscles (Vicario and Nottebohm, 1988, Fee et al., 2004). A major input to RA comes from the premotor cortical nucleus HVC (used as a proper name ...
... Margoliash, 1996, Leonardo and Fee, 2005). This sequence of bursts then converges to drive a sequential pattern of activity in downstream motor neurons and muscles (Vicario and Nottebohm, 1988, Fee et al., 2004). A major input to RA comes from the premotor cortical nucleus HVC (used as a proper name ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... In the presence of an external or internal stressor, the sympathetic system generates the ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to ...
... In the presence of an external or internal stressor, the sympathetic system generates the ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... displays the individual ionic currents (bottom) during spontaneous activity of the model. Rhythmic spontaneous activities of the model are driven largely by INa. The fast upstroke of the action potential in the model is driven by INa (Fig. 1C) (Do and Bean 2003). After activation of INa, IK activate ...
... displays the individual ionic currents (bottom) during spontaneous activity of the model. Rhythmic spontaneous activities of the model are driven largely by INa. The fast upstroke of the action potential in the model is driven by INa (Fig. 1C) (Do and Bean 2003). After activation of INa, IK activate ...
PDF - Department of Molecular Biology
... [email protected]. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the res ...
... [email protected]. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the res ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... explanation for the widely differing effects of activity in these studies is that the cellular and molecular mechanisms of dendritic growth may differ between animal species and between brain regions. Alternatively, the direction of the effects of activity on dendritic growth may depend on the age o ...
... explanation for the widely differing effects of activity in these studies is that the cellular and molecular mechanisms of dendritic growth may differ between animal species and between brain regions. Alternatively, the direction of the effects of activity on dendritic growth may depend on the age o ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... Thus, in brainstem as in spinal cord, IaPSNs axons grow to the vicinity of their target, but fail to form terminal branches. Second, we used DiI to label central projections of trigeminal sensory neurons that innervate whiskers. These axons grow to the brainstem where they arborize in nuclei of the ...
... Thus, in brainstem as in spinal cord, IaPSNs axons grow to the vicinity of their target, but fail to form terminal branches. Second, we used DiI to label central projections of trigeminal sensory neurons that innervate whiskers. These axons grow to the brainstem where they arborize in nuclei of the ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... 1992, 1998; Fung et al., 1994; Ling et al., 1994; Borday et al., 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vag ...
... 1992, 1998; Fung et al., 1994; Ling et al., 1994; Borday et al., 1998). Similarly, Jodkowski et al. (1994) showed that electrical and chemical lesions in the ventrolateral pons produced apneustic breathing in vagotomized rats. At the same time, apneustic breathing is not usually developed if the vag ...
All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits
... signal. Intracellular Ca 2⫹ concentration is regulated spatially and temporally by a complex array of channels and transporters (for review, see Grienberger and Konnerth, 2012). Furthermore, the relationship between spike rate and cytoplasmic Ca 2⫹ concentration is nonlinear, the expression level of ...
... signal. Intracellular Ca 2⫹ concentration is regulated spatially and temporally by a complex array of channels and transporters (for review, see Grienberger and Konnerth, 2012). Furthermore, the relationship between spike rate and cytoplasmic Ca 2⫹ concentration is nonlinear, the expression level of ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... interval (ISI) distribution histograms. Neurons were included in the analysis if they maintained stable spike isolation throughout a recording session and their distribution histograms showed an absence of ISIs ⬍2 ms (the refractory period). In this study, we focused on baseline activity during the ...
... interval (ISI) distribution histograms. Neurons were included in the analysis if they maintained stable spike isolation throughout a recording session and their distribution histograms showed an absence of ISIs ⬍2 ms (the refractory period). In this study, we focused on baseline activity during the ...
NIH Public Access
... Author Manuscript Results Probl Cell Differ. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 27. ...
... Author Manuscript Results Probl Cell Differ. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 27. ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.