NIH Public Access
... Author Manuscript Results Probl Cell Differ. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 27. ...
... Author Manuscript Results Probl Cell Differ. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 27. ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have found that the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DC-ML) system may also play an important role in nociceptive processing, in particular for visceral pain (Al-Chaer 1996a– c; Berkley et al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons ...
... see Gebhart and Ness 1991). Recent studies, however, have found that the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DC-ML) system may also play an important role in nociceptive processing, in particular for visceral pain (Al-Chaer 1996a– c; Berkley et al. 1993; Rigamonti et al. 1978). A large number of neurons ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... Single-neuron electrophysiology has stressed that two classes of neurons can be distinguished in the primate striatum. They are called phasically and tonically active neurons (PANs and TANs) and are thought to correspond to projection neurons and one class of interneurons of probably cholinergic nat ...
... Single-neuron electrophysiology has stressed that two classes of neurons can be distinguished in the primate striatum. They are called phasically and tonically active neurons (PANs and TANs) and are thought to correspond to projection neurons and one class of interneurons of probably cholinergic nat ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
... Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons that significantly modulated their activity during the task events were further subjected to a two-way ANOVA with the object category (toy and egg) and spatial choice (left and right touch responses) as main factors. If the ANOVA showed sig ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... and OI would have the same reversal potential, as would be predicted if they release the same neurotransmitter. Warming the preparation from 2 to 22°C produces hyperpolarization of the muscle fibers and reverses the sign of the Fig.·3. Synaptic responses elicited by both the opener inhibitor (OI) an ...
... and OI would have the same reversal potential, as would be predicted if they release the same neurotransmitter. Warming the preparation from 2 to 22°C produces hyperpolarization of the muscle fibers and reverses the sign of the Fig.·3. Synaptic responses elicited by both the opener inhibitor (OI) an ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... was held between the fingers and moved toward its final location (mouth or container). Despite a certain degree of variability in the velocity of monkey performance, the Post epoch does not include mouth grasping or object placing. ...
... was held between the fingers and moved toward its final location (mouth or container). Despite a certain degree of variability in the velocity of monkey performance, the Post epoch does not include mouth grasping or object placing. ...
18
... scale, location and type as well as inter-class variations. Moreover, in a simpler prior setting, they have shown sub-pixel accuracy in disparity detection in challenging natural images. However, the previous work for stereo vision was limited to 20 pixel stripes of shifted images and unable to scal ...
... scale, location and type as well as inter-class variations. Moreover, in a simpler prior setting, they have shown sub-pixel accuracy in disparity detection in challenging natural images. However, the previous work for stereo vision was limited to 20 pixel stripes of shifted images and unable to scal ...
Representation of Behavioral Tactics and Tactics
... neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In both for the same neuron shown in Fig. 2A). The ...
... neuronal activity from the bilateral medial frontal cortex, including the pmPFC and the Figure 3. Time-dependent plots of neuronal selectivity for the tactics and action under the three behavioral conditions (data are supplementary motor area (SMA). In both for the same neuron shown in Fig. 2A). The ...
Cerebellar Unit Activity and the Movement Disruption Induced by
... stimulation. Other description as in Fig. 1 and 3. ...
... stimulation. Other description as in Fig. 1 and 3. ...
synaptic connections made by axons
... cells become interneurones that only synapse with their neighbours, many others must extend their axons towards more distant targets. Matrix substrata, cell surface components and diffusible factors acting on receptive growth cones may stimulate or inhibit the elongation of these axons and influence ...
... cells become interneurones that only synapse with their neighbours, many others must extend their axons towards more distant targets. Matrix substrata, cell surface components and diffusible factors acting on receptive growth cones may stimulate or inhibit the elongation of these axons and influence ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
... changed from one block of trials to the next. The activity of 9% of the neurons recorded in the auditory cortex was found to differ not only according to the stimulus type but also the stimulus-response (S-R) mapping rule. Vaadia et al.'s study is more closely related to reversal learning than to SR ...
Fear conditioning, synaptic plasticity and the amygdala
... of somatization. Avoidance symptoms include avoiding reminders of the experience, feeling emotionally numb, losing interest in previously enjoyable activities and deficits in learning and memory. These symptoms might cause a person to change his or her personal routine. Finally, hyperarousal symptom ...
... of somatization. Avoidance symptoms include avoiding reminders of the experience, feeling emotionally numb, losing interest in previously enjoyable activities and deficits in learning and memory. These symptoms might cause a person to change his or her personal routine. Finally, hyperarousal symptom ...
Representation of Sounds in Auditory Cortex of Awake
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
... The brain is the most complex computational device known to Man. Not only does it mediate our orientation in both external (physical) and internal worlds, but—even more astonishingly—the brain enables study of itself. Yet, this amazing device is composed of only a limited set of neurons and their co ...
Representing Spatial Information for Limb - Research
... ment with the code during maintenance of static posture. It is well known that static cell discharge is monotonically related to the corresponding position of the hand in space in Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 ...
... ment with the code during maintenance of static posture. It is well known that static cell discharge is monotonically related to the corresponding position of the hand in space in Ml (Georgopoulos et al., 1984; Georgopoulos and Massey, 1985; Kettner et al., 1988), PMd (Caminiti et al., 1991), area 2 ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... network. Because our model does not take into account the spatial organization of cortical neurons, we used the simpler approach of Mazzoni et al. (2008) to describe the generation of the LFP. This approach is based on the fact that the major contribution to the LFP generation is given by pyramidal ...
... network. Because our model does not take into account the spatial organization of cortical neurons, we used the simpler approach of Mazzoni et al. (2008) to describe the generation of the LFP. This approach is based on the fact that the major contribution to the LFP generation is given by pyramidal ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a larger BF shift than that observed in step 1, the BFs of IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASt 1 E ...
... of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whether auditory experience based on associative learning evokes a larger BF shift than that observed in step 1, the BFs of IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASt 1 E ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... segregated and parallel corticostriatal circuits. There is a current debate about which of these concepts better explains corticostriatal functioning [22,72]. Many studies have shown convergent and overlapping corticostriatal projections, including regions beyond the somatosensorimotor areas such as ...
... segregated and parallel corticostriatal circuits. There is a current debate about which of these concepts better explains corticostriatal functioning [22,72]. Many studies have shown convergent and overlapping corticostriatal projections, including regions beyond the somatosensorimotor areas such as ...
Prosjektoppgave - Mirror neurons_ver4.2
... movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons display ...
... movement in the monkey's F5 region, it should also activate the neurons in the F1 region that control them. None of the neurons showed any activity during the observation phase (3). Furthermore, because the monkey would usually be watching its own movements, the behavior the recorded neurons display ...
From Membrane to Cytoskeleton: Minireview
... extensive morphological changes necessary to establish functional connections. Extracellular cues function through surface receptors to control signaling pathways whose interplay results in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and thereby changes in cell shape and motility. Past research has identifie ...
... extensive morphological changes necessary to establish functional connections. Extracellular cues function through surface receptors to control signaling pathways whose interplay results in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton and thereby changes in cell shape and motility. Past research has identifie ...
Anatomy - Nervous System Test Chpt 9
... 1. What is the function of the nervous system? a. sensory input b. integration c. motor output d. all of the above 2. What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? a. nerve b. neuron c. brain d. spinal cord 3. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron in ...
... 1. What is the function of the nervous system? a. sensory input b. integration c. motor output d. all of the above 2. What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system? a. nerve b. neuron c. brain d. spinal cord 3. What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron in ...
On the basis of animal function
... 04 stimulus dependent force generation 05 the length - tension relationship 06 principles of summation and tetanus 07 EMG and twitch amplitude Resting potential 08 resting potential and external K 09 resting potential and external Na Action potentials 10 the compound action potential 11 conduction v ...
... 04 stimulus dependent force generation 05 the length - tension relationship 06 principles of summation and tetanus 07 EMG and twitch amplitude Resting potential 08 resting potential and external K 09 resting potential and external Na Action potentials 10 the compound action potential 11 conduction v ...
Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... suggest that GABAergic activity develops early and that glutamate activity occurs soon after. This raises the question as to the possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in th ...
... suggest that GABAergic activity develops early and that glutamate activity occurs soon after. This raises the question as to the possible interaction between the two primary transmitters of the brain during early development. If both GABA and glutamate are excitatory, what prevents the neurons in th ...
Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural
... The presence of inhibition was inferred visually by a decrease in spike rates associated with increasing ipsilateral intensities; the inhibitory threshold was the intensity level at which the decrease was first observed. To increase confidence in our assessments of inhibitory threshold, we again eva ...
... The presence of inhibition was inferred visually by a decrease in spike rates associated with increasing ipsilateral intensities; the inhibitory threshold was the intensity level at which the decrease was first observed. To increase confidence in our assessments of inhibitory threshold, we again eva ...
Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory at the AIS?
... patch clamping in electrophysiology experiments. This has the advantage of maintaining the concentration of intracellular chloride, however it also results in dialysis of the neuron with other components of the intracellular patch pipette solution and furthermore produces a mechanical disruption ...
... patch clamping in electrophysiology experiments. This has the advantage of maintaining the concentration of intracellular chloride, however it also results in dialysis of the neuron with other components of the intracellular patch pipette solution and furthermore produces a mechanical disruption ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.