Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... Subjects and Neonatal Treatment Long-Evans rats were bred and housed in The Ohio State University vivarium and submitted to EtOH treatment as previously described (Goodfellow and Lindquist, 2014). On PD 3, litters were culled to 10 to 12 pups and paw-marked for identification. Across PD 4 to 9, pups ...
... Subjects and Neonatal Treatment Long-Evans rats were bred and housed in The Ohio State University vivarium and submitted to EtOH treatment as previously described (Goodfellow and Lindquist, 2014). On PD 3, litters were culled to 10 to 12 pups and paw-marked for identification. Across PD 4 to 9, pups ...
Gating of Sensory Input by Spontaneous Cortical Activity
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
... a semiautomatic algorithm (http://klustakwik.sourceforge.net) followed by manual clustering (http://klusters.sourceforge.net). Only neurons with firing rates higher than 1 Hz were used in further analysis, resulting in population sizes 17, 26, 32, and 45 for the four rats, respectively. After spike ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... A fundamental issue in cortical physiology concerns how information relayed by thalamic inputs is processed within cortical circuits. In the auditory system, acoustic stimuli generate short-latency (10–20 ms) cortical responses that reflect the physical characteristics of the stimulus, e.g., its fre ...
... A fundamental issue in cortical physiology concerns how information relayed by thalamic inputs is processed within cortical circuits. In the auditory system, acoustic stimuli generate short-latency (10–20 ms) cortical responses that reflect the physical characteristics of the stimulus, e.g., its fre ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... Technical issues relating to receptor immunolabelling Yung, Bolam, Smith, Hersch, Ciliax & Levey (1995). Neuroscience. 65 :709-730 ...
... Technical issues relating to receptor immunolabelling Yung, Bolam, Smith, Hersch, Ciliax & Levey (1995). Neuroscience. 65 :709-730 ...
Response Characteristics of Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn Neurons in
... Evoked responses were calculated by subtracting the background firing rate from the mean discharge frequency during stimulation. An afterdischarge was considered to be present when the mean firing rate of the cell stayed ⱖ30% above baseline firing rate after stopping the stimulation. Afterdischarges ...
... Evoked responses were calculated by subtracting the background firing rate from the mean discharge frequency during stimulation. An afterdischarge was considered to be present when the mean firing rate of the cell stayed ⱖ30% above baseline firing rate after stopping the stimulation. Afterdischarges ...
the diverse roles of l-glutamic acid in brain signal transduction
... L-Glutamic acid (Glu) is accepted as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, although other acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and comp ...
... L-Glutamic acid (Glu) is accepted as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, although other acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and comp ...
Image-based Screening Identifies Novel Roles for I B Kinase and
... the distal and proximal segments. We used liquid handling robotics to scale this model such that it could be performed in 96-well microtiter plates. Because DRG neurons grow very long axons, as few as 200 neurons are required per well, allowing the production of one 96-well assay plate from a single ...
... the distal and proximal segments. We used liquid handling robotics to scale this model such that it could be performed in 96-well microtiter plates. Because DRG neurons grow very long axons, as few as 200 neurons are required per well, allowing the production of one 96-well assay plate from a single ...
Neuronal Correlates for Preparatory Set Associated with Pro
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
... Electrophysiolog y. All experimental procedures were in accordance with the C anadian Council on Animal C are policy on the use and care of laboratory animals and approved by the Queen’s University Animal C are Committee. Surgical, electrophysiological, and data acquisition methods were described pr ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... particular the respiratory CPG, including the mechanisms underlying the circuit dynamic reconfiguration under different conditions represents a central and challenging problem in neuroscience. Indeed, breathing is a dynamically mutable motor behaviour that not only performs a vital homeostatic funct ...
... particular the respiratory CPG, including the mechanisms underlying the circuit dynamic reconfiguration under different conditions represents a central and challenging problem in neuroscience. Indeed, breathing is a dynamically mutable motor behaviour that not only performs a vital homeostatic funct ...
Differential effects of nicotine on the activity of substantia nigra and
... criminated with a custom-designed time-amplitude window discriminator. Interspike interval histograms, mean firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of firing frequency/mean firing frequency ´ 100) were calculated from 200-500 successive APs using LabView (National Instr.). ...
... criminated with a custom-designed time-amplitude window discriminator. Interspike interval histograms, mean firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation of firing frequency/mean firing frequency ´ 100) were calculated from 200-500 successive APs using LabView (National Instr.). ...
V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... were attained via glass-tipped transdural tungsten microelectrodes (FHC, Bowdoin, ME) with impedances of 1–2 M⍀, measured at 1 kHz. The raw-voltage signal was amplified, band-pass filtered (100 Hz– 8 kHz), and digitized at 40 kHz using the Multichannel Acquisition Processor (Plexon, Dallas, TX). Sin ...
... were attained via glass-tipped transdural tungsten microelectrodes (FHC, Bowdoin, ME) with impedances of 1–2 M⍀, measured at 1 kHz. The raw-voltage signal was amplified, band-pass filtered (100 Hz– 8 kHz), and digitized at 40 kHz using the Multichannel Acquisition Processor (Plexon, Dallas, TX). Sin ...
Resonance Effect for Neural Spike Time Reliability
... van Steveninck et al. 1997). These results suggest that the intrinsic noise in the spike-generating mechanism is low relative to the intensity of the fluctuating input currents. In interpreting these results, an important consideration is the magnitude of the fluctuations in the input relative to th ...
... van Steveninck et al. 1997). These results suggest that the intrinsic noise in the spike-generating mechanism is low relative to the intensity of the fluctuating input currents. In interpreting these results, an important consideration is the magnitude of the fluctuations in the input relative to th ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... afferent neurons were examined to investigate variation across the population in the properties of threshold, slope, adaptation, and incidence of mechanosensitivity. Dural afferent neurons were recorded in the trigeminal ganglion of urethan-anesthetized rats and were identified by their constant-lat ...
... afferent neurons were examined to investigate variation across the population in the properties of threshold, slope, adaptation, and incidence of mechanosensitivity. Dural afferent neurons were recorded in the trigeminal ganglion of urethan-anesthetized rats and were identified by their constant-lat ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are glutamatergic propriobulbar interneurons that selectively innervate the ven ...
... chemoreceptors and the potential implications of Phox2b expressed in these neurons will be discussed. RTN resides at the ventral medullary surface. RTN lesions reduce central respiratory chemoreception (CRC). RTN neurons are glutamatergic propriobulbar interneurons that selectively innervate the ven ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... neurons in the prefrontal cortex of chimpanzees exhibit greater dendritic complexity than those in other cortical regions, suggesting that prefrontal cortical evolution in primates is characterized by increased potential for integrative connectivity. Compared with chimpanzees, the pyramidal neurons ...
... neurons in the prefrontal cortex of chimpanzees exhibit greater dendritic complexity than those in other cortical regions, suggesting that prefrontal cortical evolution in primates is characterized by increased potential for integrative connectivity. Compared with chimpanzees, the pyramidal neurons ...
Physiology of muscles and nerves
... Both increases and decreases in the plasma (ECF) K+ concentration (normal concentration is between 3.5 and 5.0 mM) can alter the intracellular-to-extracellular K concentration gradient, which in turn can change the resting membrane potential. The most serious consequences of both K+ excess and K+ ...
... Both increases and decreases in the plasma (ECF) K+ concentration (normal concentration is between 3.5 and 5.0 mM) can alter the intracellular-to-extracellular K concentration gradient, which in turn can change the resting membrane potential. The most serious consequences of both K+ excess and K+ ...
Ventral Medial Nucleus Neurons Send Thalamocortical Afferents
... palGFP- and pal-mRFP-expressing Sindbis viral vectors was injected at an adequate dilution into both hemispheres of 70 rat brains (140 hemispheres) as reported previously (Ohno et al. 2012). The survival time was as short as possible, that is, 51–54 h, to avoid possible effects of viral infection on ...
... palGFP- and pal-mRFP-expressing Sindbis viral vectors was injected at an adequate dilution into both hemispheres of 70 rat brains (140 hemispheres) as reported previously (Ohno et al. 2012). The survival time was as short as possible, that is, 51–54 h, to avoid possible effects of viral infection on ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
video slide - Course
... The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane, re-initiating the action potential there. To the left of this region, the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward. ...
... The depolarization of the action potential spreads to the neighboring region of the membrane, re-initiating the action potential there. To the left of this region, the membrane is repolarizing as K+ flows outward. ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
Central mechanisms of osmosensation and systemic osmoregulation
... of a gastric salt load increases the osmolality of blood in the hepatic portal vein within 7 minutes, whereas systemic osmolality remains unchanged for up to 15 minutes56. Osmoreceptors in these areas can therefore detect the osmotic strength of ingested materials and, through afferent connections t ...
... of a gastric salt load increases the osmolality of blood in the hepatic portal vein within 7 minutes, whereas systemic osmolality remains unchanged for up to 15 minutes56. Osmoreceptors in these areas can therefore detect the osmotic strength of ingested materials and, through afferent connections t ...
James Robertson
... Take-homes Sleep homeostatic response not influenced by means of SD Not affected by level of arousal Rather, means of SD affected subsequent arousal CC reduced latency to sleep to control levels Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the leve ...
... Take-homes Sleep homeostatic response not influenced by means of SD Not affected by level of arousal Rather, means of SD affected subsequent arousal CC reduced latency to sleep to control levels Delta power similar to GH SD DNM1-mediated regulation of presynaptic endocytosis and the leve ...
PDF
... The MLF is required for FBMN migration from r5 to r6 To examine a potential role for the MLF during the later stage of FBMN migration, as neurons proceed from r5 into r6 at ~20-22 hpf, we surgically blocked MLF axons from entering the hindbrain. Our approach was similar to methodology previously dev ...
... The MLF is required for FBMN migration from r5 to r6 To examine a potential role for the MLF during the later stage of FBMN migration, as neurons proceed from r5 into r6 at ~20-22 hpf, we surgically blocked MLF axons from entering the hindbrain. Our approach was similar to methodology previously dev ...
Mechanisms of developmental neurite pruning
... Work pioneered by O’Leary and colleagues has shown that RGCs initially send long axonal processes that extend throughout the length of the SC [21]. In a process that is reviewed elsewhere [22], and is mediated by Ephrin-ephReceptor (ephR) counter gradients, each RGC sends an axon that extends almost ...
... Work pioneered by O’Leary and colleagues has shown that RGCs initially send long axonal processes that extend throughout the length of the SC [21]. In a process that is reviewed elsewhere [22], and is mediated by Ephrin-ephReceptor (ephR) counter gradients, each RGC sends an axon that extends almost ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.