The Switch of Subthalamic Neurons From an Irregular to a Bursting
... ( 20°C). Subsequent histological location of the four marked sites and electrode track reconstruction were made on 25- m-thick cresyl violet-stained frontal sections. Data analysis. The three classical vigilance states described in the rat were discriminated on the basis of the cortical EEG and neck ...
... ( 20°C). Subsequent histological location of the four marked sites and electrode track reconstruction were made on 25- m-thick cresyl violet-stained frontal sections. Data analysis. The three classical vigilance states described in the rat were discriminated on the basis of the cortical EEG and neck ...
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... Strikingly, although the physical interaction of NAB-1 with SAD-1 is necessary for polarity, it is dispensable for synapse morphology. We propose that Neurabin functions as a scaffold to facilitate SAD-1-mediated phosphorylation for substrates specific for restricting axonal fate during neuronal pol ...
... Strikingly, although the physical interaction of NAB-1 with SAD-1 is necessary for polarity, it is dispensable for synapse morphology. We propose that Neurabin functions as a scaffold to facilitate SAD-1-mediated phosphorylation for substrates specific for restricting axonal fate during neuronal pol ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... subdivision. Conversely, 86.5 ± 5.6% of PNMT-IR boutons and 47.8 ± 12.0% of DBHIR, PNMT-immunonegative boutons on the surface of CRH neurons contained NPY. With respect to the catecholaminergic boutons on the surface of CRH neurons, 48.5 ± 6.2% contained DBH but not PNMT, suggesting that these varic ...
... subdivision. Conversely, 86.5 ± 5.6% of PNMT-IR boutons and 47.8 ± 12.0% of DBHIR, PNMT-immunonegative boutons on the surface of CRH neurons contained NPY. With respect to the catecholaminergic boutons on the surface of CRH neurons, 48.5 ± 6.2% contained DBH but not PNMT, suggesting that these varic ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... monoaminergic and other inputs with functions that are poorly understood. Although dopaminergic inputs to basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuits are important for controlling the activity patterns therein (Hammond et al. 2007), we did not include the connections of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in o ...
... monoaminergic and other inputs with functions that are poorly understood. Although dopaminergic inputs to basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuits are important for controlling the activity patterns therein (Hammond et al. 2007), we did not include the connections of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in o ...
The Journal of Neuroscience http://jneurosci.msubmit.net Ana
... Chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces the remodeling (i.e. retraction and simplification) of the apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in rats, suggesting that intrahippocampal connectivity can be affected by a prolonged stressful challenge. Since the structural maintenance of neuro ...
... Chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces the remodeling (i.e. retraction and simplification) of the apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in rats, suggesting that intrahippocampal connectivity can be affected by a prolonged stressful challenge. Since the structural maintenance of neuro ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... Previous research begs the questions, how do the hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of inte ...
... Previous research begs the questions, how do the hippocampus and the cerebellum interact, and what is the special role of the theta oscillation? In order for the hippocampus to modulate memory trace formation in the cerebellum we have to assume interaction between these areas. One indication of inte ...
Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... Background: Developing brain is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to severe neurological disabilities in surviving infants and children. Previously we reported induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) in hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal brain and NP1 co-localization with the ex ...
... Background: Developing brain is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to severe neurological disabilities in surviving infants and children. Previously we reported induction of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NP1) in hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal brain and NP1 co-localization with the ex ...
Full Text - Cerebral Cortex
... were made using an Elgiloy electrode (Suzuki and Azuma, 1976), and impulses recorded from isolated single neurons were fed through a window discriminator to a computer. During the recording, the activity of each neuron was first examined in a certain task for ∼40 trials (10 blocks), which constitute ...
... were made using an Elgiloy electrode (Suzuki and Azuma, 1976), and impulses recorded from isolated single neurons were fed through a window discriminator to a computer. During the recording, the activity of each neuron was first examined in a certain task for ∼40 trials (10 blocks), which constitute ...
associations
... “ When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic changes take place in one or both cells such as A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased” ...
... “ When an axon of cell A is near enough to excite a cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic changes take place in one or both cells such as A’s efficiency as one of the cells firing B, is increased” ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... FIG. 1. Simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recording from a CA1 pyramidal cell. A: montage of the dorsal hippocampal area CA1 and overlying cortex showing the placement of electrodes from a successful simultaneous recording. The tetrode tip was placed in the CA1 pyramidal layer. A sharp gl ...
... FIG. 1. Simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recording from a CA1 pyramidal cell. A: montage of the dorsal hippocampal area CA1 and overlying cortex showing the placement of electrodes from a successful simultaneous recording. The tetrode tip was placed in the CA1 pyramidal layer. A sharp gl ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... or invertebrates), which approaches most closely to this ideal. Although it is usually assumed that only one transmitter is released at a given junction, it is conceivable that two or more substances having significantly different actions may be released, in which case the criterion of identity of a ...
... or invertebrates), which approaches most closely to this ideal. Although it is usually assumed that only one transmitter is released at a given junction, it is conceivable that two or more substances having significantly different actions may be released, in which case the criterion of identity of a ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... Figure 1A shows the onsets and offsets of the stimuli used in delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC). The sampling window for each trial was 1000 ms, consisting of a 300 ms baseline period, 400 ms CS period, 25 ms US period, and 275 ms post-US period. The CS was an 85 dB, 2.0 kHz pure tone. The mean int ...
... Figure 1A shows the onsets and offsets of the stimuli used in delay eyeblink conditioning (dEBC). The sampling window for each trial was 1000 ms, consisting of a 300 ms baseline period, 400 ms CS period, 25 ms US period, and 275 ms post-US period. The CS was an 85 dB, 2.0 kHz pure tone. The mean int ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
... 5. Prior to the work of Santiago Ramon y Cajal, what did many investigators believe? a. Nerves conducted impulses at the speed of light. b. Transmission across a synapse was just as fast as transmission along an axon. c. The tip of an axon physically merged with the next neuron. d. All neurons were ...
Early Pharmacological Treatment of Autism: A
... whereas in adults AMPA and kainate receptors are more active. NMDA receptors, particularly those containing the NR2B receptor subunit, allow increased calcium influx and are more sensitive to stimulation than AMPA or kainate receptors. Both excessive activation via excitotoxicity and inhibition of N ...
... whereas in adults AMPA and kainate receptors are more active. NMDA receptors, particularly those containing the NR2B receptor subunit, allow increased calcium influx and are more sensitive to stimulation than AMPA or kainate receptors. Both excessive activation via excitotoxicity and inhibition of N ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... (b) The baroreflex pathway is shown on its own. Stretch receptor afferent neurons from the aortic arch and carotid sinus and the neurons synapse in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Neurons in the NTS then activate inhibitory neurons (blue) in the caudal ventrolateral medulla, which in turn inhi ...
... (b) The baroreflex pathway is shown on its own. Stretch receptor afferent neurons from the aortic arch and carotid sinus and the neurons synapse in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Neurons in the NTS then activate inhibitory neurons (blue) in the caudal ventrolateral medulla, which in turn inhi ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
... large deviations in [Ca*+], and high potassium or cyanide induced increasesin [Ca*+], do not produce toxicity (Michaels and Rothman, 1990; Dubinsky and Rothman, 1991). Intracellular acidification hasbeen postulated to contribute to ischemicneuronal death (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1990; Nedergaardet al ...
FREE Sample Here
... and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b. The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c. There are ...
... and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b. The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c. There are ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... discrimination, action selection, outcome assessment and working memory. Positive reinforcement likely requires changes in synaptic strength between neurons that result in a neural representation of the association between the outcome and the context, cue and action. It is these associations that ar ...
... discrimination, action selection, outcome assessment and working memory. Positive reinforcement likely requires changes in synaptic strength between neurons that result in a neural representation of the association between the outcome and the context, cue and action. It is these associations that ar ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... it is independent of extracellular calcium but depends on intact intracellular calcium stores (Blöchl and Thoenen 1995, 1996). Similar characteristics have also been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., ...
... it is independent of extracellular calcium but depends on intact intracellular calcium stores (Blöchl and Thoenen 1995, 1996). Similar characteristics have also been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., ...
Axon Guidance by Growth Cones and Branches: Common
... others 2002). Similarly, dynamic interactions between actin filaments and microtubules were visualized in migrating epithelial cells (Salmon and others 2002), suggesting that coupling of F-actin and microtubule movements may be a common feature of migrating cells. Taken together, these results imply ...
... others 2002). Similarly, dynamic interactions between actin filaments and microtubules were visualized in migrating epithelial cells (Salmon and others 2002), suggesting that coupling of F-actin and microtubule movements may be a common feature of migrating cells. Taken together, these results imply ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX NEURONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
... “vision-as-analysis” framework, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within spatially restricted receptive fields (classical receptive fields, CRFs). They would invariably suffer the “aperture problem,” and would only encode the component of ...
... “vision-as-analysis” framework, neurons in the primary visual cortex (area V1) are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within spatially restricted receptive fields (classical receptive fields, CRFs). They would invariably suffer the “aperture problem,” and would only encode the component of ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... C-terminal tail into the inner AIS shaft where it is predicted to interact with microtubule fascicles. (b) Domain organization of isoforms of ankyrin G (AnkG). AnkG population contains two large neuron-specific isoforms, 270 kDa and 480 kDa, that localize specifically to AIS and nodes of Ranvier. Th ...
... C-terminal tail into the inner AIS shaft where it is predicted to interact with microtubule fascicles. (b) Domain organization of isoforms of ankyrin G (AnkG). AnkG population contains two large neuron-specific isoforms, 270 kDa and 480 kDa, that localize specifically to AIS and nodes of Ranvier. Th ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are another approach for regulating the activity of specific neuronal circuits in vivo. This method employs modified muscarinic receptors (hM3Dq for excitation, and hM4Di for inhibition) that have lost their affinity for endogenous ...
... Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are another approach for regulating the activity of specific neuronal circuits in vivo. This method employs modified muscarinic receptors (hM3Dq for excitation, and hM4Di for inhibition) that have lost their affinity for endogenous ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.