Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
Autonomous and nonautonomous functions for Hox/Pbx in
... multiple defects (data not shown). Cell bodies in r4 migrate laterally by 36 hpf, while the majority of cells located more anteriorly in r2 and r3 remain medial throughout development (Fig. 1F). These data are consistent with the ectopic expression of tag-1 in r4 neurons of 36-hpf lzr/pbx4 embryos ( ...
... multiple defects (data not shown). Cell bodies in r4 migrate laterally by 36 hpf, while the majority of cells located more anteriorly in r2 and r3 remain medial throughout development (Fig. 1F). These data are consistent with the ectopic expression of tag-1 in r4 neurons of 36-hpf lzr/pbx4 embryos ( ...
Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel
... and APV presumably results from the increased membrane resistance attributable to block of glutamate receptors, thus giving larger responses to the extracellular current injection. Removal of divalent cations increases membrane excitability, and such an effect may also account for the surprisingly l ...
... and APV presumably results from the increased membrane resistance attributable to block of glutamate receptors, thus giving larger responses to the extracellular current injection. Removal of divalent cations increases membrane excitability, and such an effect may also account for the surprisingly l ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... to auditory nuclei are located in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and often fire in correlation with the level of arousal (Trulson and Jacobs 1979). Levels of serotonin in target regions of the brain are correspondingly higher during increased activity of raphe neurons, whether this activity is induced (fo ...
... to auditory nuclei are located in the dorsal raphe nucleus, and often fire in correlation with the level of arousal (Trulson and Jacobs 1979). Levels of serotonin in target regions of the brain are correspondingly higher during increased activity of raphe neurons, whether this activity is induced (fo ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... Environments, of which I formed part as an early stage researcher. I had great time in each of our meetings. My special thanks also to Xiao-Jing Wang and Haim Sompolinsky for the inspiring and fruitful discussions while they supervised the projects I worked on, in the Computational and Cognitive Neu ...
... Environments, of which I formed part as an early stage researcher. I had great time in each of our meetings. My special thanks also to Xiao-Jing Wang and Haim Sompolinsky for the inspiring and fruitful discussions while they supervised the projects I worked on, in the Computational and Cognitive Neu ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
... stimulus delivery design remained the same from day to day, the electrodes were sometimes moved in 0.075 mm increments between recording days to sample more of the LH neuropil, and to obtain fresh units for each recording session. Across all recording days, the electrodes were moved up to a total of ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
View PDF - MRC BNDU - University of Oxford
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
... Cell density per segment was obtained by dividing the estimated number of neurons per segment in each animal by the total segment volume, then taking the mean across animals. For sections processed by both in situ hybridization and IHC, we could not use an optical fractionator as the silver grains r ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during saccade generation. Moreover, these results provide the first detailed description of delay activity identified as leaving any part of the prefrontal cortex. We hypothesize that a major, general way in which prefrontal cor ...
... sent from the FEF to the SC contributes to several different functions during saccade generation. Moreover, these results provide the first detailed description of delay activity identified as leaving any part of the prefrontal cortex. We hypothesize that a major, general way in which prefrontal cor ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
Input-driven components of spike-frequency adaptation can be
... power amplifier (DCA-450; Denon Electronic GmbH, Ratingen, Germany) ipsilateral to the recorded auditory nerve. Spikes were detected on-line from the recorded voltage trace with the custom-made on-line electrophysiology laboratory software and used for on-line calculations of firing rates and automa ...
... power amplifier (DCA-450; Denon Electronic GmbH, Ratingen, Germany) ipsilateral to the recorded auditory nerve. Spikes were detected on-line from the recorded voltage trace with the custom-made on-line electrophysiology laboratory software and used for on-line calculations of firing rates and automa ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
... the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) of monkeys. dACC is thought to trigger behavioral adaptation. We found evidence for (i) high spike count variability and (ii) temporal reliability (favored by temporal correlations) which respectively hindered and favored information transmission when monk ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... shading at the top of each block indicating the largest available reward. Note that the subject manages, in general, to select delays that yield rewards, but also note that the size of the reward earned on each trial varies across the range of possible reward values. To quantify this behavior, Figur ...
... shading at the top of each block indicating the largest available reward. Note that the subject manages, in general, to select delays that yield rewards, but also note that the size of the reward earned on each trial varies across the range of possible reward values. To quantify this behavior, Figur ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... Anesthesia was continued for the duration of the experiment by delivering Nembutal intravenously as needed. Level of anesthesia was determined by (1) monitoring end-tidal expired CO2 levels, (2) visual inspection of the spectral content of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings made from a supradur ...
... Anesthesia was continued for the duration of the experiment by delivering Nembutal intravenously as needed. Level of anesthesia was determined by (1) monitoring end-tidal expired CO2 levels, (2) visual inspection of the spectral content of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings made from a supradur ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also evaluated early postnatal cortical neurons during their growt ...
... current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including adult cortical neurons, rubrospinal neurons, and we also evaluated early postnatal cortical neurons during their growt ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
... and Young, 1980; Young et al., 1988). These local circuits, however, do not account for all of the response properties of DCN neurons. For example, type II units of the DCN are relatively unresponsive to broadband stimuli even when the stimuli contain energy within the excitatory response area of th ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
Rapid eye movement sleep promotes cortical
... animals. It also requires the induction of plasticity in prior wake (via MD), because it also does not occur when sleep is instead preceded by equal periods of wakefulness combined with normal vision (8). We have also shown that ERK phosphorylation in sleep is essential for sleep-dependent ODP (10). ...
... animals. It also requires the induction of plasticity in prior wake (via MD), because it also does not occur when sleep is instead preceded by equal periods of wakefulness combined with normal vision (8). We have also shown that ERK phosphorylation in sleep is essential for sleep-dependent ODP (10). ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understood, particularly how neutral stimuli become CSs. One possibility is that a con ...
... amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understood, particularly how neutral stimuli become CSs. One possibility is that a con ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Answer: c. receive is to send. 39. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? a. dendrites, axon, soma, terminal button b. terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites c. axon, som ...
... Answer: c. receive is to send. 39. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? a. dendrites, axon, soma, terminal button b. terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites c. axon, som ...
Sample
... Answer: c. receive is to send. 39. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? a. dendrites, axon, soma, terminal button b. terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites c. axon, som ...
... Answer: c. receive is to send. 39. Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer? a. dendrites, axon, soma, terminal button b. terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites c. axon, som ...
The role of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.