Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... influenced by auditory stimuli or auditory FAES activation, somatosensory stimuli were presented within a neuron’s receptive field alone and then in combination with a natural auditory cue or with electrical stimulation through one of the FAES electrodes. Somatosensory stimuli were produced by a nar ...
... influenced by auditory stimuli or auditory FAES activation, somatosensory stimuli were presented within a neuron’s receptive field alone and then in combination with a natural auditory cue or with electrical stimulation through one of the FAES electrodes. Somatosensory stimuli were produced by a nar ...
Calcium Regulation of Dendritic Growth via CaM Kinase IV and
... presence of KCl stimulation. Note that overexpression of CaM kinase IV dramatically potentiates the effect of KCl depolarization on dendritic growth, indicating that intracellular CaM kinase IV levels are limiting for calcium-activated dendritic growth. (G) Quantification of the effects of expressin ...
... presence of KCl stimulation. Note that overexpression of CaM kinase IV dramatically potentiates the effect of KCl depolarization on dendritic growth, indicating that intracellular CaM kinase IV levels are limiting for calcium-activated dendritic growth. (G) Quantification of the effects of expressin ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these rapidly habituate if the stimulus is repeated. As I shall discuss later, this inhibition can be ove ...
... contains a strong inhibitory network that keeps spontaneous cellular activity low and that prevents cells from firing action potentials to irrelevant stimuli. Novel stimuli elicit responses, but these rapidly habituate if the stimulus is repeated. As I shall discuss later, this inhibition can be ove ...
(15 pages pdf)
... Both t and the total distance traveled during the postpuff period were significantly higher in flies that had previously been exposed to six puffs (Figure S2). However, if flies were allowed to rest for 30 min after the six puffs, there was no statistically significant difference in their subsequent ...
... Both t and the total distance traveled during the postpuff period were significantly higher in flies that had previously been exposed to six puffs (Figure S2). However, if flies were allowed to rest for 30 min after the six puffs, there was no statistically significant difference in their subsequent ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... the communication between sensory organs and the brain. In most sensory systems, neurons project from the sensory receptors to the brain in a spatially ordered manner forming neural maps that encode stimuli attributes, such as identity or position. The formation of such precise patterns of connectiv ...
... the communication between sensory organs and the brain. In most sensory systems, neurons project from the sensory receptors to the brain in a spatially ordered manner forming neural maps that encode stimuli attributes, such as identity or position. The formation of such precise patterns of connectiv ...
Document
... When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________. a. an action potential Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane. b. breakdown of the cell nucleus c. a relative refractory p ...
... When sodium ions flow into a neuron and depolarize it, they create ________. a. an action potential Correct: The action potential is caused by a depolarization resulting from the influx of sodium ions through the neuron’s cellular membrane. b. breakdown of the cell nucleus c. a relative refractory p ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... can be initiated in various neocortical layers: an optical imaging study. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal ...
... can be initiated in various neocortical layers: an optical imaging study. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1965–1973, 1999. The initiation site for triggering epileptiform activity was investigated via optical imaging using voltage-sensitive dyes in the neocortical slice perfused with artificial cerebral spinal ...
Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Controls the Anterior–Posterior
... cells were pelleted by mild centrifugation and resuspended in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, penicillin/streptomycin, and glutamine. A single-cell suspension was generated by putting the cells through a 70 m filter after which cells were plated on poly-D-lysineand laminin-coated glass cov ...
... cells were pelleted by mild centrifugation and resuspended in Neurobasal medium supplemented with B27, penicillin/streptomycin, and glutamine. A single-cell suspension was generated by putting the cells through a 70 m filter after which cells were plated on poly-D-lysineand laminin-coated glass cov ...
Single unit and extracellular firing rate recordings in vivo
... The histaminergic tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) controls arousal and attention and the firing of TMN neurons is state-dependent, active during waking, silent during sleep. Thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) promotes arousal and combats sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. Single-cell RT-PCR (scRT- ...
... The histaminergic tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) controls arousal and attention and the firing of TMN neurons is state-dependent, active during waking, silent during sleep. Thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) promotes arousal and combats sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. Single-cell RT-PCR (scRT- ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... results are likely to be very confusing, apparently lacking all regularity and order. Level of integration⎯Cerebellar interaction with autonomic regulation can theoretically take place at any level of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptors to the cerebral cortex. It is, in fact, quite lik ...
... results are likely to be very confusing, apparently lacking all regularity and order. Level of integration⎯Cerebellar interaction with autonomic regulation can theoretically take place at any level of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptors to the cerebral cortex. It is, in fact, quite lik ...
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the control
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
... (Walker and Davis, 1997), indicating that regulation of glutamatergic transmission in this region is an important target for anxiolytic and ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... midbrain tissue, total α-synuclein mRNA levels were found to be increased by 4-fold on average compared to control brains [27], although the variability between PD cases was very high. Contradictory results showing a reduction of α-synuclein mRNA in surviving neurons from the same brain region have ...
... midbrain tissue, total α-synuclein mRNA levels were found to be increased by 4-fold on average compared to control brains [27], although the variability between PD cases was very high. Contradictory results showing a reduction of α-synuclein mRNA in surviving neurons from the same brain region have ...
Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
... 1. Introduction 1.1 Different frequency band oscillations in brain regions Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms localized with individual neurons or by int ...
Representation of Events in Nerve Nets and Finite Automata
... We shall see later (Section 5.5) that there is no loss of generality in considering the representation, in the case of ·nerve nets, to have the simple form of the firing (or sometimes the non-firing instead) at a certain time of a certain neuron. Por explaining response as due to stimulus., 1 t woul ...
... We shall see later (Section 5.5) that there is no loss of generality in considering the representation, in the case of ·nerve nets, to have the simple form of the firing (or sometimes the non-firing instead) at a certain time of a certain neuron. Por explaining response as due to stimulus., 1 t woul ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... 10⫻ objective, except for images for CA and CS localization, which were acquired with a 40⫻ objective. Data analysis. Imaging and physiology data were acquired using National Instruments boards and custom software written in MATLAB (The MathWorks). For EPSC current injection experiments, physiology ...
... 10⫻ objective, except for images for CA and CS localization, which were acquired with a 40⫻ objective. Data analysis. Imaging and physiology data were acquired using National Instruments boards and custom software written in MATLAB (The MathWorks). For EPSC current injection experiments, physiology ...
Full PDF
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... peaks corresponded to the evenly spaced action potentials of a regular discharge. In unusual chopper neurons, the action potential associated with a particular peak could fail to occur during any one presentation of the stimulus. Unusual chopper neurons had a relatively irregular discharge. Phasic n ...
... peaks corresponded to the evenly spaced action potentials of a regular discharge. In unusual chopper neurons, the action potential associated with a particular peak could fail to occur during any one presentation of the stimulus. Unusual chopper neurons had a relatively irregular discharge. Phasic n ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (i.e. the difference between expected and actual rewards) these cells also can signal ...
... (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), which play important roles in a broad range of motivated behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders1-3. Although DA neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (i.e. the difference between expected and actual rewards) these cells also can signal ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... Both increases and decreases are observed, depending on the neuron’s selectivity for the two stimuli. When one of the two stimuli is placed in the receptive field and the other in the surround, attending to the extrareceptive field stimulus can reduce the firing rate. All these phenomena can be acco ...
... Both increases and decreases are observed, depending on the neuron’s selectivity for the two stimuli. When one of the two stimuli is placed in the receptive field and the other in the surround, attending to the extrareceptive field stimulus can reduce the firing rate. All these phenomena can be acco ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
... France; and 2Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain ...
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... Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. ...
... Correct. The semipermeable membrane allows positive ions to enter the cell, thus changing its electrical polarity. b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. ...
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... establish the correct position and shape of the optic chiasm. These early axons grow into the diencephalon and then course ventrally before extending toward the midline along the border of the CD44/SSEA neurons (Marcus and Mason, 1995) (Fig. 3A–D). Later in development, RGC axons make distinct pathw ...
... establish the correct position and shape of the optic chiasm. These early axons grow into the diencephalon and then course ventrally before extending toward the midline along the border of the CD44/SSEA neurons (Marcus and Mason, 1995) (Fig. 3A–D). Later in development, RGC axons make distinct pathw ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... p75 is of particular interest because it has biological functions that are distinct from those of tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors; perhaps the most important of which to date is its demonstrated role in initiation of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis (37; 49; 60; ...
... p75 is of particular interest because it has biological functions that are distinct from those of tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) receptors; perhaps the most important of which to date is its demonstrated role in initiation of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis (37; 49; 60; ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... Data collection for birds injected with fluorescent beads was similar to that for fluorogold-injected birds. Twelve sections through HVC were completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to genera ...
... Data collection for birds injected with fluorescent beads was similar to that for fluorogold-injected birds. Twelve sections through HVC were completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to genera ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.