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Neural Networks
Neural Networks

... SNIPE: This manuscript frequently incorporates Snipe. Shaded Snipe-paragraphs cost for non-commercial purposes. It was like this one are scattered among large originally designed for high performance parts of the manuscript, providing inforsimulations with lots and lots of neural mation on how to im ...
Neural Networks
Neural Networks

... SNIPE: This manuscript frequently incorporates Snipe. Shaded Snipe-paragraphs cost for non-commercial purposes. It was like this one are scattered among large originally designed for high performance parts of the manuscript, providing inforsimulations with lots and lots of neural mation on how to im ...
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology
Neuronal control of leech behavior - Emory Biology

... 4. Intracellular neuronal activity can be recorded readily because the somata are relatively large (10–80 mm) and every soma is visible in segmental ganglia. These properties also make optical recording feasible. 5. Long, easily accessible peripheral nerves allow for stimulation of selected neurons ...
Introducing a New Product
Introducing a New Product

... Mosby items and derived items © 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive

... al. 1982) and are involved in the production of local avoidance reflexes of the uropods in responseto tactile stimulation or to water movements (Nagayama et al. 1986). Some of the sensory neurons excite indirectly, via a population of intersegmental interneurons, the lateral giant fibers (LGs) that ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral

... neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of the beetle have been identified, first histochemically (Schooneveld 1970), and later immunohistochemically, with polyclonal antisera to vertebrate and invertebrate peptides (Veenstra and Schooneveld 1984; Veenstra et al. 1985) and with monoclon ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye

... equivalent of the saccade neurons with buildup activity observed in the SC. FEF is also populated by fixation neurons that seem to parallel their counterparts in the SC84 . Hanes and Wurtz 69 showed that it was not possible to elicit saccades with microstimulation of the FEF, following reversible d ...
$doc.title

... strategy  approach  to  maximize  reward  and  minimize  costs;  otherwise,  competitive   opponents  can  exploit  predictable  choice  patterns.  This  thesis  tested  the  hypothesis   that  the  frontal  eye  field  (FEF)  are  involved   ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials

... large neurons in the deep layers. If the detection and clustering algorithm is sensitive enough to include low-amplitude spikes then bias is moderate. If only high amplitude units (> 200 µV) are picked up, then recording will be significantly biased towards the deep layers. The majority of spikes in ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on

... GABAA IPSCs) but much smaller increases by distally evoked GABAA IPSCs (distal GABAA IPSCs; Fig. 1, B and C), exhibiting time and ethanol concentration dependence (Fig. 1, D and E, respectively). A partial dose-response relationship for ethanol indicates that both proximal and distal GABAA IPSCs wer ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reflex Reversal in Coxo
Neural Mechanisms of Reflex Reversal in Coxo

... Boyan 1988; Cattaert et al. 1992; Eccles et al. 1962; Kennedy et al. 1974). This blockade of sensory inflow is essential to block the monosynaptic pathway from primary afferents to MNs. However, at least some sensory inputs may be not blocked by presynaptic inhibition to allow the polysynaptic assis ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever

... cats (38), and dogs (51). Therefore, to rapidly initiate thermoregulatory responses before environmental thermal challenges affect body core temperature, feedforward thermal afferent information from skin thermoreceptors needs to be delivered to thermoregulatory command neurons that are located in t ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever

... cats (38), and dogs (51). Therefore, to rapidly initiate thermoregulatory responses before environmental thermal challenges affect body core temperature, feedforward thermal afferent information from skin thermoreceptors needs to be delivered to thermoregulatory command neurons that are located in t ...
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar

... that closely match those induced by similar manipulations of a forelimb CS. For instance, it was shown that increasing the train frequency of both forelimb and MCP stimulation shortened the CR latency (Svensson et al., ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of

... and retrieval that alternate in each cycle of a theta rhythm in the recurrent networks that receive spike input from that buffer (Koene et al., 2003; Koene and Hasselmo, 2005). By contrast, Jensen et al. (1996) relied on temporally separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclu ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus

... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward
Discrete coding of stimulus value, reward expectation, and reward

... have recently recorded single-unit activity in the rat dorsal striatum and SNc during a probabilistic ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease

... territory), the caudate nucleus (associative territory) and the posterior putamen (sensorimotor territory) [15–17]. However, the reduction in the number of neurons from the striatum to the output structures of basal ganglia, the internal segment of globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars ...
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the
Response Properties of Neighboring Neurons in the

... the overall cell density could illuminate many questions about the processing and organization of physiological information in different systems. Recording the multi-unit activity of a small number of cells provides a reliable method for recording from multiple neurons that are relatively close toge ...
to the Proceedings
to the Proceedings

... spatial orientation. Across a range of species, landmark orientation and landmark memory have been demonstrated, as well as the use of sky compass cues for path integration and long-range migrations. In contrast to behavioral data, considerable progress on the neural mechanisms underlying spatial re ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus

... nition (Iwai and Mishkin 1968; Mishkin 1982; Mishkin et al. 1997). However, inferior temporal cortex is not a single homogeneous region. Electrophysiological studies so far have found that two directly connected inferior temporal areas, TE and perirhinal cortex (Saleem and Tanaka 1996; Suzuki and Am ...
NIH Public Access
NIH Public Access

... Due to their tuning to distinct spectral elements within vocal signals, FM-FM neurons in the mustached bat are unusual among IC neurons. Typically, IC neurons display a single excitatory frequency-tuning curve, with other excitatory or inhibitory influences either tuned near the neuron's best excita ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic

... 1 ␮M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 ␮M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 ␮M). ...
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Aplysia californica and Molecular
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Aplysia californica and Molecular

... which binding of L-Glu activates intracellular cascades and modification of intracellular proteins; they are not ion channels. In contrast, ionotropic L-Glu receptors (iGluR) are ion channels that convey the majority of fast excitatory signal transmission modulated by L-Glu and have been implicated ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of

... synaptic levels of dopamine will prevail in the NAS in a behavioral context of an animal self-administering cocaine. On anatomical and physiological grounds, the NAS has been hypothesized to exert a “filtering” or “gating” function on its limbic afferents, and to initiate or modulate goal-directed b ...
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Nonsynaptic plasticity



Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.
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