![Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/001226185_1-db92572e9000a2ce3ca9428a8944fcd5-300x300.png)
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
... determines the neuronal response to complex spatial patterns scanned across the skin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the neural signals that underlie the perception of tactile form and texture on the glabrous skin of the primate fingerpad are conveyed initially by the population of slowly ad ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
... Despite strong innate preferences, chemosensory behaviors of C. elegans can be altered by adaptation, sensitization, and associative learning. A striking change in behavior is caused by starving animals in the presence of NaCl, which is normally an attractive taste. Starvation/salt pairing for as li ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
... we hope to quantify synaptic changes during development at the EM level, we began by ...
... we hope to quantify synaptic changes during development at the EM level, we began by ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time, the depolarization has already triggere ...
... Inward movement of Na+ depolarizes the membrane by making the inside more positive than the outside at the stimulated point; this depolarization is a nerve impulse (action potential) The stimulated section of membrane immediately repolarizes, but by that time, the depolarization has already triggere ...
Calcium channel dynamics limit synaptic release in response to prosthetic... sinusoidal waveforms
... © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK ...
... © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... DeAmicisZo”), and thus deafferentation might not significantly influence the interpretation of studies using the method of retrograde cell degeneration. There are, however, a number of difficulties which should be kept in mind when considering the results of retrograde degeneration studies. One of t ...
... DeAmicisZo”), and thus deafferentation might not significantly influence the interpretation of studies using the method of retrograde cell degeneration. There are, however, a number of difficulties which should be kept in mind when considering the results of retrograde degeneration studies. One of t ...
Denise Lim, Instructor Study Guide Bio 5
... 10. What is a threshold potential? What is the effect of threshold on an action potential? 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory perio ...
... 10. What is a threshold potential? What is the effect of threshold on an action potential? 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory perio ...
Word doc
... 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory period and the absolute refractory period? 13. What is saltatory conduction and what role does i ...
... 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory period and the absolute refractory period? 13. What is saltatory conduction and what role does i ...
Calcium homeostasis
... Calcium regulated homeostasis and transport • Calcium has a major role in biomembrane fusion thus regulating many other homeostatic events in the organism • Most of membrane fusions require calcium, such as exocytosis, so the calcium can be released from the vehicle itself or from the ER • Calcium ...
... Calcium regulated homeostasis and transport • Calcium has a major role in biomembrane fusion thus regulating many other homeostatic events in the organism • Most of membrane fusions require calcium, such as exocytosis, so the calcium can be released from the vehicle itself or from the ER • Calcium ...
A Dynamic Analog Concurrently-Processed Adaptive Chip
... A Dynamic Analog ConcurrentlyProcessed Adaptive Chip Virtuoso Layout of tanh with interdigitated matching ...
... A Dynamic Analog ConcurrentlyProcessed Adaptive Chip Virtuoso Layout of tanh with interdigitated matching ...
Modelling Neuronal Mechanisms of the Processing of Tones and System
... the technical term source separation problem is more familiar. Be that as it may, these terms essentially all concern the same problem — how is a listener able to distinguish between different auditory sources in an environment? This phenomenon occurs frequently, sometimes without us even consciousl ...
... the technical term source separation problem is more familiar. Be that as it may, these terms essentially all concern the same problem — how is a listener able to distinguish between different auditory sources in an environment? This phenomenon occurs frequently, sometimes without us even consciousl ...
Muscle contraction
... pump calcium into the SR. This process uses energy and creates a concentration gradient (active transport). Thus, calcium levels in the SR are high and there is a gradient between the cytoplasm and the SR. When an muscle action potential enters the proper region of the muscle cell, it triggers the o ...
... pump calcium into the SR. This process uses energy and creates a concentration gradient (active transport). Thus, calcium levels in the SR are high and there is a gradient between the cytoplasm and the SR. When an muscle action potential enters the proper region of the muscle cell, it triggers the o ...
Determinants of Voltage Attenuation in Neocortical Pyramidal
... response was fit. E xtracellular synaptic stimulation was performed with a patch pipette filled with oxygenated extracellular solution whose tip (diameter 2 mm) was placed within 20 mm of the dendritic recording pipette. All experiments, except those in which EPSPs were evoked by extracellular stimu ...
... response was fit. E xtracellular synaptic stimulation was performed with a patch pipette filled with oxygenated extracellular solution whose tip (diameter 2 mm) was placed within 20 mm of the dendritic recording pipette. All experiments, except those in which EPSPs were evoked by extracellular stimu ...
Denise Lim, Instructor Study Guide Bio 5 - Human Physiology
... 10. What is a threshold potential? What is the effect of threshold on an action potential? 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory perio ...
... 10. What is a threshold potential? What is the effect of threshold on an action potential? 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory perio ...
Chapter 1: Introduction and Homeostasis
... 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory period and the absolute refractory period? 13. What is saltatory conduction and what role does i ...
... 11. Describe the changes that occur to an excitable membrane during an action potential. 12. What is the refractory period and what is its function? What is the difference between the relative refractory period and the absolute refractory period? 13. What is saltatory conduction and what role does i ...
Hypothalamus
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
... However, the parvocellular neurons release their secretory products into fenestrated capillaries that drain into the long portal vessels that drain into the anterior lobe. The magnocellular neurons secrete either vasopressin or oxytocin, and are largely concentrated in the supraoptic (SON) and parav ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... Bilateral injections of NMDA antagonists (MK-801 and AP-5) into the rostral pons reversibly increase the duration of inspiration in vagotomized rats, and this increase is dose-dependent (Fung et al., 1994). This suggests that the rostral pons contains neurons with NMDA-receptors participating in the ...
... Bilateral injections of NMDA antagonists (MK-801 and AP-5) into the rostral pons reversibly increase the duration of inspiration in vagotomized rats, and this increase is dose-dependent (Fung et al., 1994). This suggests that the rostral pons contains neurons with NMDA-receptors participating in the ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
... better representation of the world in order to compute the best motor response possible in that environment. One thing seems certain, there is only trough motor output that one can interact on and influence the environment (Wolpert et al., 1995). It has furthermore been proposed that the functional ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... The computational models described here assume that acetylcholine causes diffuse modulatory state changes within cortical structures. This assumption is based on the following evidence: 1.) microdialysis studies show dramatic changes in acetylcholine level in cortex during different stages of waking ...
... The computational models described here assume that acetylcholine causes diffuse modulatory state changes within cortical structures. This assumption is based on the following evidence: 1.) microdialysis studies show dramatic changes in acetylcholine level in cortex during different stages of waking ...
Chemical synapse
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chemical_synapse_schema_cropped.jpg?width=300)
Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body.At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. The neurotransmitters are kept within small sacs called vesicles, and are released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. These molecules then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's side of the synaptic cleft. Finally, the neurotransmitters must be cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or possibly by neuroglia to terminate the action of the transmitter.The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion (short scale, i.e. 109) of them.The word ""synapse"" comes from ""synaptein"", which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek ""syn-"" (""together"") and ""haptein"" (""to clasp""). Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, ""synapse"" commonly means chemical synapse.