Hormones - WordPress.com
... Hormones A hormone is a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones have diverse chemical structures that include steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid der ...
... Hormones A hormone is a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones have diverse chemical structures that include steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid der ...
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expression and inhibitory
... no singular type but rather a myriad of subtypes, which have proven extremely difficult to classify (Ascoli & Alonso-Nanclares, 2008; DeFelipe et al., 2013). The challenge in classifying these interneurons is due to their numerous morphologies, developmental origins, gene expression, connectivity pa ...
... no singular type but rather a myriad of subtypes, which have proven extremely difficult to classify (Ascoli & Alonso-Nanclares, 2008; DeFelipe et al., 2013). The challenge in classifying these interneurons is due to their numerous morphologies, developmental origins, gene expression, connectivity pa ...
Hypothalamus
... the PVN. Interestingly, the SFO neurons involved in this projection also appear to use angiotensin II as a neurotransmitter. The SFO neurons activated by peripherally circulating angiotensin II elicit the release of vasopressin from the magnocellular endings in the posterior pituitary, which acts at ...
... the PVN. Interestingly, the SFO neurons involved in this projection also appear to use angiotensin II as a neurotransmitter. The SFO neurons activated by peripherally circulating angiotensin II elicit the release of vasopressin from the magnocellular endings in the posterior pituitary, which acts at ...
Cross-modal Circuitry Between Auditory and
... directly through the craniotomy. In both preparations, neuronal activity was amplified, displayed on an oscilloscope and played on an audiomonitor. Neurons were first identified by their responses to manually presented stimuli: somatosensory (puffs of air through a pipette, brush strokes and taps, m ...
... directly through the craniotomy. In both preparations, neuronal activity was amplified, displayed on an oscilloscope and played on an audiomonitor. Neurons were first identified by their responses to manually presented stimuli: somatosensory (puffs of air through a pipette, brush strokes and taps, m ...
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... overlap with the five layers or sheaths (kośas) described in the Samkhya-Yoga tradition and the neuropsychology of the Hindu Tantras.11 The coarse level of the subtle body consists of an extensive network of peripheral channels that branch out in complex circuits from hubs along the central channel ...
... overlap with the five layers or sheaths (kośas) described in the Samkhya-Yoga tradition and the neuropsychology of the Hindu Tantras.11 The coarse level of the subtle body consists of an extensive network of peripheral channels that branch out in complex circuits from hubs along the central channel ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... conductance of the membrane but does not cause any voltage change when activated on its own. In this case it is more convenient to think of the inhibition as reducing the input resistance of the cell, effectively reducing the voltage response to excitatory current. This property of inhibition can be ...
... conductance of the membrane but does not cause any voltage change when activated on its own. In this case it is more convenient to think of the inhibition as reducing the input resistance of the cell, effectively reducing the voltage response to excitatory current. This property of inhibition can be ...
Diseases of the posterior pituitary
... • restore normal fluid volume and osmolality – If symptoms are mild and serum sodium is greater than 125 mEq/l • the only treatment may be fluid restriction of 8001000ml/day • This restriction should result in a gradual daily reduction in weight, a progressive rise in serum sodium concentration and ...
... • restore normal fluid volume and osmolality – If symptoms are mild and serum sodium is greater than 125 mEq/l • the only treatment may be fluid restriction of 8001000ml/day • This restriction should result in a gradual daily reduction in weight, a progressive rise in serum sodium concentration and ...
physiological plasticity in auditory cortex: rapid induction by learning
... definition put forth by Konorski (1967), is that "plasticity" is considered as a capacity or property of neural tissue, rather than as change, per se. This offers the advantage of conceptualizing neural substrates that are capable of expressing plasticity (under certain conditions), even prior to th ...
... definition put forth by Konorski (1967), is that "plasticity" is considered as a capacity or property of neural tissue, rather than as change, per se. This offers the advantage of conceptualizing neural substrates that are capable of expressing plasticity (under certain conditions), even prior to th ...
04 narc John neuron
... REM sleep and waking share certain physiological traits, including a low-voltage electroencephalogram (EEG), similar evoked responses to sensory stimuli, and activation of brain motor and autonomic control systems (Baust et al., 1972; Salin-Pascual et al., 2001). However, there are also striking dif ...
... REM sleep and waking share certain physiological traits, including a low-voltage electroencephalogram (EEG), similar evoked responses to sensory stimuli, and activation of brain motor and autonomic control systems (Baust et al., 1972; Salin-Pascual et al., 2001). However, there are also striking dif ...
Fractalkine is a “find-me” signal released by neurons
... models of adult neurological disorders. Lacking, however, are studies investigating roles for fractalkine in perinatal brain injury, an important clinical problem with no effective therapies. We used a well-characterized mouse model of ethanol-induced apoptosis to assess the role of fractalkine in n ...
... models of adult neurological disorders. Lacking, however, are studies investigating roles for fractalkine in perinatal brain injury, an important clinical problem with no effective therapies. We used a well-characterized mouse model of ethanol-induced apoptosis to assess the role of fractalkine in n ...
Introduction
... these postmitotic cells.9, 11 XIAP is a member of a family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) that have been shown to regulate caspases by directly binding to and inhibiting their function.12 Whereas cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c is insufficient to induce apoptosis in wildtype neu ...
... these postmitotic cells.9, 11 XIAP is a member of a family of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) that have been shown to regulate caspases by directly binding to and inhibiting their function.12 Whereas cytosolic microinjection of cytochrome c is insufficient to induce apoptosis in wildtype neu ...
Cognitive spatial-motor processes
... that event was then carried out. A significant change in cell activity was deemed to have occurred when three consecutive bins showed change in the same direction (i.e. increase of decrease in activity) and the discharge rate of at least two of the three bins was more than 3 standard deviations away ...
... that event was then carried out. A significant change in cell activity was deemed to have occurred when three consecutive bins showed change in the same direction (i.e. increase of decrease in activity) and the discharge rate of at least two of the three bins was more than 3 standard deviations away ...
Document
... from the brain (not the spinal cord) – These nerves are on the ventrolateral surface of the brain – They are numbered beginning at the anterior aspect of the brain – They are numbered CN I to CN XII ...
... from the brain (not the spinal cord) – These nerves are on the ventrolateral surface of the brain – They are numbered beginning at the anterior aspect of the brain – They are numbered CN I to CN XII ...
Reinforcement Learning Using a Continuous Time Actor
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
... Animals repeat rewarded behaviors, but the physiological basis of reward-based learning has only been partially elucidated. On one hand, experimental evidence shows that the neuromodulator dopamine carries information about rewards and affects synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the theory of re ...
as a PDF
... parasympathetic preganglionic neurons by appropriate retrograde transport studies in experimental animals {see Introduction). The distribution is also similar to that of NOSpositive neurons in the rabbit, cells which have been shown by double-labelling procedures to include salivatory preganglionic ...
... parasympathetic preganglionic neurons by appropriate retrograde transport studies in experimental animals {see Introduction). The distribution is also similar to that of NOSpositive neurons in the rabbit, cells which have been shown by double-labelling procedures to include salivatory preganglionic ...
Control of Respiration - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
... centers send nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles, increasing ventilation. More oxygen is inhaled, returning the PO2 to normal levels. • When cells release acids into the blood, the acids release hydrogen ions, which lower the pH. This stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptors to send more nerv ...
... centers send nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles, increasing ventilation. More oxygen is inhaled, returning the PO2 to normal levels. • When cells release acids into the blood, the acids release hydrogen ions, which lower the pH. This stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptors to send more nerv ...
a needle into the sub- and the dorsal funiculi. Preganglionic
... dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originates from cells in lamrnae V-M and Vll as well as from neurons with cell bodies at the edge of the gray matter of the ventral horn in the lumbar segments. The latter are known as spinal border cells. The intermediolateral cell col ...
... dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originates from cells in lamrnae V-M and Vll as well as from neurons with cell bodies at the edge of the gray matter of the ventral horn in the lumbar segments. The latter are known as spinal border cells. The intermediolateral cell col ...
Olfactory transmission of neurotropic viruses
... the trigeminal ganglion to the temporal and frontal cortices, by traveling along the tentorial branches of the trigeminal ganglion to the meninges that cover the frontal and temporal lobes (Davis and Johnson, 1979); however, there has been no direct evidence to support this assumption (Love and Wile ...
... the trigeminal ganglion to the temporal and frontal cortices, by traveling along the tentorial branches of the trigeminal ganglion to the meninges that cover the frontal and temporal lobes (Davis and Johnson, 1979); however, there has been no direct evidence to support this assumption (Love and Wile ...
Control of Gonadotropin Secretion by Follicle
... had no selective FSH-releasing activity. Therefore, the two Bxx-lGnRH-III appeared to be satisfactory for locating lGnRH-III binding sites on pituitary gonadotropes. Biotinylated lGnRH-III (109 M) bound to 80% of FSH gonadotropes and only 50% of LH gonadotropes of acutely dispersed pituitary cells, ...
... had no selective FSH-releasing activity. Therefore, the two Bxx-lGnRH-III appeared to be satisfactory for locating lGnRH-III binding sites on pituitary gonadotropes. Biotinylated lGnRH-III (109 M) bound to 80% of FSH gonadotropes and only 50% of LH gonadotropes of acutely dispersed pituitary cells, ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... NotI–SpeI and XhoI–KpnI linkers, respectively, inserted first into pBluescript for sequencing and then cut with XhoI and NotI for insertion into the same sites in pCMS. This region was chosen to extend from the C-terminal third of spectrin repeat 5 to the middle of spectrin repeat 9 (Alam et al., 19 ...
... NotI–SpeI and XhoI–KpnI linkers, respectively, inserted first into pBluescript for sequencing and then cut with XhoI and NotI for insertion into the same sites in pCMS. This region was chosen to extend from the C-terminal third of spectrin repeat 5 to the middle of spectrin repeat 9 (Alam et al., 19 ...
Two Types of Neurons in the Primate Globus
... Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (white, red, green, and blue) were used for different means in each trial (see below). Experiments were car ...
... Sony, Tokyo; refresh rate: 60 Hz) that was located 38 cm away from the eyes, and subtended visual angle of 64 × 44°. A 0.5° square spot served as a visual stimulus. Targets of different colors (white, red, green, and blue) were used for different means in each trial (see below). Experiments were car ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglia biology britannica com - neuroglia also called glial cell or glia any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons the term neuroglia means nerve glue, neuroglia function definition video lesson - your brain s support system to serve protect and support that almost s ...
... neuroglia biology britannica com - neuroglia also called glial cell or glia any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons the term neuroglia means nerve glue, neuroglia function definition video lesson - your brain s support system to serve protect and support that almost s ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... OLLOWING the loss of afferent fibers in the central nervous system, target neurons are known first to become atrophic and then die by the process of transneuronal degeneration.1-3 In neurodegenerative diseases and brain trauma, the primary injury triggers transneuronal degeneration; this causes exte ...
... OLLOWING the loss of afferent fibers in the central nervous system, target neurons are known first to become atrophic and then die by the process of transneuronal degeneration.1-3 In neurodegenerative diseases and brain trauma, the primary injury triggers transneuronal degeneration; this causes exte ...
Use of lipophilic dyes in studies of axonal pathfinding in vivo
... During the development of the nervous system, axons have to navigate through the preexisting tissue and to establish correct connections with their targets. For this purpose, the axon has a highly motile structure at its tip that acts as a sensor for guidance cues presented by the environment (Vogt ...
... During the development of the nervous system, axons have to navigate through the preexisting tissue and to establish correct connections with their targets. For this purpose, the axon has a highly motile structure at its tip that acts as a sensor for guidance cues presented by the environment (Vogt ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.