L1CAM/Neuroglian controls the axon–axon interactions establishing
... nrg849 (Goossens et al., 2011), with mutations disrupting intracellular protein–protein interactions. To generate specific intracellular mutations, we used a genomic rescue approach (Venken et al., 2009) that allows expression of modified versions of Nrg at endogenous levels in the background of the ...
... nrg849 (Goossens et al., 2011), with mutations disrupting intracellular protein–protein interactions. To generate specific intracellular mutations, we used a genomic rescue approach (Venken et al., 2009) that allows expression of modified versions of Nrg at endogenous levels in the background of the ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... Aston-Jones, 1997; Jodo et al., 1998; Celada et al., 2001). As such, the PFC is able to regulate its own neuromodulatory input by driving or inhibiting subcortical centers. In addition to regulating its own neuromodulatory input, the PFC may also alter the output of neuromodulatory centers to other ...
... Aston-Jones, 1997; Jodo et al., 1998; Celada et al., 2001). As such, the PFC is able to regulate its own neuromodulatory input by driving or inhibiting subcortical centers. In addition to regulating its own neuromodulatory input, the PFC may also alter the output of neuromodulatory centers to other ...
PDF
... (RS) neurons also contribute to the MLF, and could potentially play a role in guiding FBMN migration. Although the r4-localized Mauthner neuron initiates axon outgrowth at 17.5 hpf, its axon does not cross the midline until 18-19 hpf, before turning posteriorly to contribute to the MLF at 21-22 hpf ...
... (RS) neurons also contribute to the MLF, and could potentially play a role in guiding FBMN migration. Although the r4-localized Mauthner neuron initiates axon outgrowth at 17.5 hpf, its axon does not cross the midline until 18-19 hpf, before turning posteriorly to contribute to the MLF at 21-22 hpf ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... Activity in the motor cortex has been shown to be related to both low-level (Kalaska et al. 1989, 1997; Cabel et al. 2001; Kurtzer et al. 2005, 2006) and high-level (Georgopoulos et al. 1982, 1986; Schwartz et al. 2004) parameters but the coding of these attributes has often been found to be interde ...
... Activity in the motor cortex has been shown to be related to both low-level (Kalaska et al. 1989, 1997; Cabel et al. 2001; Kurtzer et al. 2005, 2006) and high-level (Georgopoulos et al. 1982, 1986; Schwartz et al. 2004) parameters but the coding of these attributes has often been found to be interde ...
FREE Sample Here
... Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-experience-psychology-1st-edition-king B. constructs a three-dimensional image from X rays C. examines the effects of lesions in brain tissue D. involves creating a magnetic field around a person’s body and using radio waves to construct images of a pers ...
... Full file at http://testbank360.eu/test-bank-experience-psychology-1st-edition-king B. constructs a three-dimensional image from X rays C. examines the effects of lesions in brain tissue D. involves creating a magnetic field around a person’s body and using radio waves to construct images of a pers ...
FREE Sample Here
... REF: Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 3-Explain how an action potential is generated. TOP: MOD: 2.1 KEY: Evaluate/Explain MSC: conceptual 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE about neurotransmitters? a. Neurotransmitters affect the physiological, but not the psychological, functioning of the ...
... REF: Neurons: The Body’s Wiring OBJ: 3-Explain how an action potential is generated. TOP: MOD: 2.1 KEY: Evaluate/Explain MSC: conceptual 37. Which of the following statements is TRUE about neurotransmitters? a. Neurotransmitters affect the physiological, but not the psychological, functioning of the ...
MB_49_win
... • These synapses do not communicate by touch, but by releasing chemicals, or neurotransmitters, into a gap between the synapses called the synaptic cleft. – The synaptic cleft is a small gap between the axon terminal and the receiving cell. Chapter menu ...
... • These synapses do not communicate by touch, but by releasing chemicals, or neurotransmitters, into a gap between the synapses called the synaptic cleft. – The synaptic cleft is a small gap between the axon terminal and the receiving cell. Chapter menu ...
BRS Physiology
... is fastest in the Purkinje system. is slowest in the AV node (seen as the PR interval on the ECG), allowing time for ventricular filling before ventricular contraction. If conduction velocity through the AV node is increased, ventricular filling may be compromised. ...
... is fastest in the Purkinje system. is slowest in the AV node (seen as the PR interval on the ECG), allowing time for ventricular filling before ventricular contraction. If conduction velocity through the AV node is increased, ventricular filling may be compromised. ...
The addictive behaviour induced by food monosodium glutamate
... supports the hypothesis that VTA neural cells are involved in reward based learning, like the one involved in drug-addiction (25). ...
... supports the hypothesis that VTA neural cells are involved in reward based learning, like the one involved in drug-addiction (25). ...
Loss of cell adhesion molecule CHL1 improves homeostatic
... stem and increased in the cerebellum after the induction of AH. Thus, we hypothesized that CHL1 may be involved in the regulation of the hypoxic response in vivo. To address this possibility, CHL1 / mice and wild-type littermates were subjected to hypoxia (5% O2) for 10 min. We found that CHL1–/ ...
... stem and increased in the cerebellum after the induction of AH. Thus, we hypothesized that CHL1 may be involved in the regulation of the hypoxic response in vivo. To address this possibility, CHL1 / mice and wild-type littermates were subjected to hypoxia (5% O2) for 10 min. We found that CHL1–/ ...
Document
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
Early Microglial Activation Precedes Neuronal Loss in Mouse Model of Progressive
... death. Widespread gliosis accompanied by increased expression of apoptosis- and glial activation-related genes have been also reported in aged Cstbj/j mice (11Y13). Deficiency of Cstb on either seizure-prone or seizure-resistant backgrounds displays similar neuropathologic changes, indicating that th ...
... death. Widespread gliosis accompanied by increased expression of apoptosis- and glial activation-related genes have been also reported in aged Cstbj/j mice (11Y13). Deficiency of Cstb on either seizure-prone or seizure-resistant backgrounds displays similar neuropathologic changes, indicating that th ...
kwanPNAS08
... (Fig. 3D and E), whereas a smaller proportion did so at E16.5 (26.0% ⫾ 3.3% and 32.2% ⫾ 3.4%). By P0, only a small proportion of these neurons expressed either gene at detectable levels (11.6% ⫾ 2.7% and 12.2% ⫾ 2.1%). In the E12.5 and E14.5 KO neocortex, Fezf2-Gfp, BCL11B and ZFPM2 were co-expresse ...
... (Fig. 3D and E), whereas a smaller proportion did so at E16.5 (26.0% ⫾ 3.3% and 32.2% ⫾ 3.4%). By P0, only a small proportion of these neurons expressed either gene at detectable levels (11.6% ⫾ 2.7% and 12.2% ⫾ 2.1%). In the E12.5 and E14.5 KO neocortex, Fezf2-Gfp, BCL11B and ZFPM2 were co-expresse ...
Neural mechanisms of the cognitive model of depression
... that might underlie this bias (FIG. 3). Emotional stimuli are relayed to the thalamus, which projects directly to the amygdala37. The amygdala, a brain structure that is involved in detecting emotion (possibly linked to its proposed role in salience detection38,39), interprets and perpetuates the em ...
... that might underlie this bias (FIG. 3). Emotional stimuli are relayed to the thalamus, which projects directly to the amygdala37. The amygdala, a brain structure that is involved in detecting emotion (possibly linked to its proposed role in salience detection38,39), interprets and perpetuates the em ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... Anticipated Synchronization (AS) is a form of synchronization that occurs when a unidirectional influence is transmitted from an emitter to a receiver, but the receiver system leads the emitter in time. This counterintuitive phenomenon can be a stable solution of two dynamical systems coupled in a m ...
... Anticipated Synchronization (AS) is a form of synchronization that occurs when a unidirectional influence is transmitted from an emitter to a receiver, but the receiver system leads the emitter in time. This counterintuitive phenomenon can be a stable solution of two dynamical systems coupled in a m ...
Preview Sample 1
... C. There is a negative charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. D. There is a positive charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: comprehension Difficulty Level: moderate Feedback: page 45 Learning goals: neurons 29. Resting pot ...
... C. There is a negative charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. D. There is a positive charge on both the outside and the inside of the cell membrane. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: comprehension Difficulty Level: moderate Feedback: page 45 Learning goals: neurons 29. Resting pot ...
Slide 7.3b
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
Glycine Immunoreactivity of Multipolar Neurons in the Ventral
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
... units referred to as onset-choppers (Rhode and Smith, 1986). Onset-chopper units are broadly tuned (Rhode and Smith, 1986; Winter and Palmer, 1995; Jiang et al., 1996; Palmer et al., 1996) and they appear to send a collateral axon to the DCN (Smith and Rhode, 1989). They have a multipolar/stellate c ...
Three key sequences HDEV
... cell body, dendrites, and an axon (see Figure 4.2). Dendrites are short fibers that extend from the cell body and receive incoming messages from up to 1,000 adjoining transmitting neurons. The axon extends trunklike from the cell body and accounts for much of the difference in length in neurons. An ...
... cell body, dendrites, and an axon (see Figure 4.2). Dendrites are short fibers that extend from the cell body and receive incoming messages from up to 1,000 adjoining transmitting neurons. The axon extends trunklike from the cell body and accounts for much of the difference in length in neurons. An ...
Nervous System
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
... Continuation of the Nerve Impulse between Neurons Impulses are able to cross the synapse to another nerve Neurotransmitter is released from a nerve’s axon terminal The dendrite of the next neuron has receptors that are stimulated by the neurotransmitter An action potential is started in the ...
NEUROGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS AND
... was given four consecutive injections of [3H]thymidine on postnatal days (P) P0-P3. On P60, the percentage of labeled cells and the proportion of cells originating during either 24 or 48 hr periods were quantified at seven anatomical levels through both the anterior olfactory nucleus and the transit ...
... was given four consecutive injections of [3H]thymidine on postnatal days (P) P0-P3. On P60, the percentage of labeled cells and the proportion of cells originating during either 24 or 48 hr periods were quantified at seven anatomical levels through both the anterior olfactory nucleus and the transit ...
The encoding and decoding of com-
... The mammalian visual system has a remarkable capacity of processing a large amount of information within milliseconds under widely varying conditions into invariant representations. Recently a model of the primary visual system exploited the unique feature of dense local excitatory connectivity of t ...
... The mammalian visual system has a remarkable capacity of processing a large amount of information within milliseconds under widely varying conditions into invariant representations. Recently a model of the primary visual system exploited the unique feature of dense local excitatory connectivity of t ...
Part 2 - Dimon Institute
... length, which in turn excites the motor nerve innervating the quadriceps and causes the muscle to contract, eliciting the kneejerk response (Fig. 1). In this example, the doctor artificially produces a stretch reflex for the purpose of testing muscles and reflex responses, but the real function of t ...
... length, which in turn excites the motor nerve innervating the quadriceps and causes the muscle to contract, eliciting the kneejerk response (Fig. 1). In this example, the doctor artificially produces a stretch reflex for the purpose of testing muscles and reflex responses, but the real function of t ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... We used several criteria to define areas used for recording and stimulation. The frontal eye field was defined as the area of cortex, located primarily on the rostra1 bank and fundus of the arcuate sulcus, where eye movements could be evoked with thresholds of 50 ,uA or less (Bruce and Goldberg 1985 ...
... We used several criteria to define areas used for recording and stimulation. The frontal eye field was defined as the area of cortex, located primarily on the rostra1 bank and fundus of the arcuate sulcus, where eye movements could be evoked with thresholds of 50 ,uA or less (Bruce and Goldberg 1985 ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.