Neurons in red nucleus and primary motor cortex exhibit similar
... so that all values were greater or equal to zero. Significance of directional tuning was determined using a nonparametric ‘‘bootstrapping’’ test (Scott and Kalaska, 1997), in which the distance of the center mass from the origin (i.e., magnitude of the centroid) was compared with bootstrap values of ...
... so that all values were greater or equal to zero. Significance of directional tuning was determined using a nonparametric ‘‘bootstrapping’’ test (Scott and Kalaska, 1997), in which the distance of the center mass from the origin (i.e., magnitude of the centroid) was compared with bootstrap values of ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... cortical column contain different types of local circuits. Even within the same lamina, nearby cells may participate in different circuits. Thus, anatomical findings have shown that neurons within the same neuropil may receive quite different patterns of thalamocortical inputs, and, at least in the ...
... cortical column contain different types of local circuits. Even within the same lamina, nearby cells may participate in different circuits. Thus, anatomical findings have shown that neurons within the same neuropil may receive quite different patterns of thalamocortical inputs, and, at least in the ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... isomerase, and brain specific isoform of SERCA2b pump or proapoptotic mechanisms (e.g. by the activation of several kinases such as Jun N-terminal kinases, caspase-12 from the protease family and degradation of 28 S ribosomal RNA). In parallel, protein synthesis inhibition in neurons occurs during e ...
... isomerase, and brain specific isoform of SERCA2b pump or proapoptotic mechanisms (e.g. by the activation of several kinases such as Jun N-terminal kinases, caspase-12 from the protease family and degradation of 28 S ribosomal RNA). In parallel, protein synthesis inhibition in neurons occurs during e ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... In human body, Three-order neurons connect each other to form a neural pathway,known As lateral spinothalamic tract to convey pain or temperature from body to the brain [6]. The larger δ A-type neural fibers transmit acute pain and smaller C-type fibers Transmit chronic pain. The first-order pseudo- ...
... In human body, Three-order neurons connect each other to form a neural pathway,known As lateral spinothalamic tract to convey pain or temperature from body to the brain [6]. The larger δ A-type neural fibers transmit acute pain and smaller C-type fibers Transmit chronic pain. The first-order pseudo- ...
Glomerular Filtration - Interactive Physiology
... • An analogy for this process would be a football player (#60) trying to run for a touchdown. However, his progress to the goal line is slowed by two opposing players (#15 and #28). The runner eventually reaches the goal, but not as easily as he would without the resistance. • Now let’s see what hap ...
... • An analogy for this process would be a football player (#60) trying to run for a touchdown. However, his progress to the goal line is slowed by two opposing players (#15 and #28). The runner eventually reaches the goal, but not as easily as he would without the resistance. • Now let’s see what hap ...
Glomerular Fil No HP - Interactive Physiology
... • An analogy for this process would be a football player (#60) trying to run for a touchdown. However, his progress to the goal line is slowed by two opposing players (#15 and #28). The runner eventually reaches the goal, but not as easily as he would without the resistance. • Now let’s see what hap ...
... • An analogy for this process would be a football player (#60) trying to run for a touchdown. However, his progress to the goal line is slowed by two opposing players (#15 and #28). The runner eventually reaches the goal, but not as easily as he would without the resistance. • Now let’s see what hap ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... activity is altered when the goals of the task are rewards. Activity related to information processing during delays between instruction cues and manual responses can be altered if the cues also signal the level of reward to be expected (Leon and Shadlen, 1999; Ramnani and Miall, 2003). Neuronal act ...
... activity is altered when the goals of the task are rewards. Activity related to information processing during delays between instruction cues and manual responses can be altered if the cues also signal the level of reward to be expected (Leon and Shadlen, 1999; Ramnani and Miall, 2003). Neuronal act ...
Slide 1
... 3. Distribution of carrier proteins varies among portions of cell surface 4. The membrane of a single tubular cell contains many types of carrier protein 5. Carrier proteins, like enzymes, can be saturated ...
... 3. Distribution of carrier proteins varies among portions of cell surface 4. The membrane of a single tubular cell contains many types of carrier protein 5. Carrier proteins, like enzymes, can be saturated ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... employed a two-step standardization method ŽFig. 2A.. In the first step, to compensate for the differences of signal intensity caused by different specific activity in each experiment, we electrophoresed serially-diluted standard total RNA, extracted from a large amount of cerebral cortex, and exper ...
... employed a two-step standardization method ŽFig. 2A.. In the first step, to compensate for the differences of signal intensity caused by different specific activity in each experiment, we electrophoresed serially-diluted standard total RNA, extracted from a large amount of cerebral cortex, and exper ...
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... (Mensah-Nyagan et al., 1994). In situ hybridization studies have revealed that the mRNAs encoding for 3bHSD in the rat brain are localized in the olfactive bulb, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, area of medulla bordering the fourth ventricle as well as in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (D ...
... (Mensah-Nyagan et al., 1994). In situ hybridization studies have revealed that the mRNAs encoding for 3bHSD in the rat brain are localized in the olfactive bulb, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, area of medulla bordering the fourth ventricle as well as in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (D ...
One Computer Scientist`s (Deep) Superior Colliculus
... through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various levels are attractive especially in robotics due to the similarity of the challenges ...
... through eons of evolution. The study of these solutions and their applications in technical settings is called biomimetics and it has been a driving force in many areas of research. Biomimetic approaches at various levels are attractive especially in robotics due to the similarity of the challenges ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... episodes when the monkey does not know which stimulus will have to be selected for a behavioral response. This result suggests that there is a comparison process that evaluates the value of the colors at the end of the curves, increasing activity at the circle with the higher value. We always placed ...
... episodes when the monkey does not know which stimulus will have to be selected for a behavioral response. This result suggests that there is a comparison process that evaluates the value of the colors at the end of the curves, increasing activity at the circle with the higher value. We always placed ...
Computing with Spiking Neuron Networks
... the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at ...
... the soma, the cell body of the neuron. This brief electric pulse (1 or 2ms duration) then travels along the neuron’s axon, that in turn is linked up to the receiving end of other neurons, the dendrites (see Figure 1, left view). At the end of the axon, synapses connect one neuron to another, and at ...
download file
... This dissertation was produced in accordance with guidelines which permit the inclusion as part of the dissertation the text of an original paper or papers submitted for publication. The dissertation must still conform to all other requirements explained in the “Guide for Preparation of Master’s The ...
... This dissertation was produced in accordance with guidelines which permit the inclusion as part of the dissertation the text of an original paper or papers submitted for publication. The dissertation must still conform to all other requirements explained in the “Guide for Preparation of Master’s The ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... (antero interpatietal area) (see Figure 1). However, there is no detailed information available about the properties of these neurons in terms of their view-dependence properties. PFG and AIP receive input from various areas located in the superior temporal sulcus region. In this region neurons with ...
... (antero interpatietal area) (see Figure 1). However, there is no detailed information available about the properties of these neurons in terms of their view-dependence properties. PFG and AIP receive input from various areas located in the superior temporal sulcus region. In this region neurons with ...
Purves chs. 15, 19 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... motor neuron normally brings to threshold all of the muscle fibers it contacts, a single α motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers together constitute the smallest unit of force that can be activated to produce movement. Sherrington was again the first to recognize this fundamental relationshi ...
... motor neuron normally brings to threshold all of the muscle fibers it contacts, a single α motor neuron and its associated muscle fibers together constitute the smallest unit of force that can be activated to produce movement. Sherrington was again the first to recognize this fundamental relationshi ...
The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... depolarization. Single-fiber EPSPs can also be analyzed for quanta1 fluctuations, thereby separating presynaptic effects from postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon a ...
... depolarization. Single-fiber EPSPs can also be analyzed for quanta1 fluctuations, thereby separating presynaptic effects from postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon a ...
PDF file
... means that when a neuron fires, the nearby neurons in its local area are more likely to fire. This leads to a smoother representational map. The topographic map can be realized by not only considering a nonzero-responding neuron as a winner, but also its 3 3 neighbors, which are the neurons with the ...
... means that when a neuron fires, the nearby neurons in its local area are more likely to fire. This leads to a smoother representational map. The topographic map can be realized by not only considering a nonzero-responding neuron as a winner, but also its 3 3 neighbors, which are the neurons with the ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.