The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... the animal world, where recognition of predators and prey could be based in part on discrimination of an animal's bilateral symmetry from the generally asymmetric background flora. In particular, when an animal turns to face the observing organism, seeing a meal or a mate, it displays its symmetry a ...
... the animal world, where recognition of predators and prey could be based in part on discrimination of an animal's bilateral symmetry from the generally asymmetric background flora. In particular, when an animal turns to face the observing organism, seeing a meal or a mate, it displays its symmetry a ...
The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and GABAergic
... (Picard et al., 2007). K-complexes are slow <1 Hz oscillations that have a cortical origin (Parrino et al., 2006), consisting of a positive peak between 350-550 ms and a negative peak at 900 ms (Cash et al., 2009). K-complexes occur randomly during stage II of non-REM sleep, and can also be initiate ...
... (Picard et al., 2007). K-complexes are slow <1 Hz oscillations that have a cortical origin (Parrino et al., 2006), consisting of a positive peak between 350-550 ms and a negative peak at 900 ms (Cash et al., 2009). K-complexes occur randomly during stage II of non-REM sleep, and can also be initiate ...
Stimulus Dependence of Local Field Potential Spectra: Experiment
... power is concentrated at low frequencies. This is a very natural choice for a model of external inputs to V1 during presentation of a natural movie because time changes of visual features in natural movies have been reported, both in general (Wong and Atick, 1995) and for the particular movies used ...
... power is concentrated at low frequencies. This is a very natural choice for a model of external inputs to V1 during presentation of a natural movie because time changes of visual features in natural movies have been reported, both in general (Wong and Atick, 1995) and for the particular movies used ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... the cue for this movement was the observation of another individual making this same movement. Results indeed show this increase; after comparing the different executive groups it was concluded that the imitation task accounted for larger signal intensity than the non-imitative groups in the left in ...
... the cue for this movement was the observation of another individual making this same movement. Results indeed show this increase; after comparing the different executive groups it was concluded that the imitation task accounted for larger signal intensity than the non-imitative groups in the left in ...
State-Dependent Computation Using Coupled Recurrent Networks
... input that match patterns embedded in the excitatory synaptic weights. The overall strength of the excitatory response is used to suppress outliers via the dynamical inhibitory threshold imposed by the global inhibitory neuron. Thus, the circuit can be seen as imposing an interpretation on an incomp ...
... input that match patterns embedded in the excitatory synaptic weights. The overall strength of the excitatory response is used to suppress outliers via the dynamical inhibitory threshold imposed by the global inhibitory neuron. Thus, the circuit can be seen as imposing an interpretation on an incomp ...
An Analysis of Free-Will - ScholarWorks at WMU
... behavior of billiard balls or dominoes, which move in a fashion that is dictated by preceding movements. When a billiard ball strikes another ball, it is said that the movement of this second ball is determined by the movement of the first ball. Determinism reduces reality to atoms that behave in a ...
... behavior of billiard balls or dominoes, which move in a fashion that is dictated by preceding movements. When a billiard ball strikes another ball, it is said that the movement of this second ball is determined by the movement of the first ball. Determinism reduces reality to atoms that behave in a ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... the isolated neuron can be checked electrophysiologically as well as visually in the intact ganglion prior to removal. The second primary difference between Aplysia cell culture techniques and those used for Lymnaea or Helisoma is the nature of the additives to the cell culture media to promote robu ...
... the isolated neuron can be checked electrophysiologically as well as visually in the intact ganglion prior to removal. The second primary difference between Aplysia cell culture techniques and those used for Lymnaea or Helisoma is the nature of the additives to the cell culture media to promote robu ...
Realistic synaptic inputs for model neural networks
... set e q d to the excitatory ne.The two -yes intersect at rates corresponding to a d e n t state, E = 0, an unstable intermediate state and a stable self-sustainedfiring state for whidt the firing rate is essentially the maximum srnglenevron rate. The firing rate for this state is unrealistically hig ...
... set e q d to the excitatory ne.The two -yes intersect at rates corresponding to a d e n t state, E = 0, an unstable intermediate state and a stable self-sustainedfiring state for whidt the firing rate is essentially the maximum srnglenevron rate. The firing rate for this state is unrealistically hig ...
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to
... The hypothalamus is able to exert effects via neurohumoral pathways through the pituitary, autonomic effects via neuronal pathways to preganglionic neurons, and able to exert both parasympathetic and sympathetic effects through the medulla oblongata and spinal cord [14]. The four predominant nuclei ...
... The hypothalamus is able to exert effects via neurohumoral pathways through the pituitary, autonomic effects via neuronal pathways to preganglionic neurons, and able to exert both parasympathetic and sympathetic effects through the medulla oblongata and spinal cord [14]. The four predominant nuclei ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axon terminals and the dendrites of neurons (195). When bound to its receptor, BDNF promotes neuronal survival (5; 65; 74), differentiation (5), and long-term potentiation (LTP) (88). 1.3.3 TrkB Recep ...
... 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axon terminals and the dendrites of neurons (195). When bound to its receptor, BDNF promotes neuronal survival (5; 65; 74), differentiation (5), and long-term potentiation (LTP) (88). 1.3.3 TrkB Recep ...
Document
... The senses detect physical and chemical stimuli. • The eye contributes to vision • Humans rely on vision more than any of the other senses ...
... The senses detect physical and chemical stimuli. • The eye contributes to vision • Humans rely on vision more than any of the other senses ...
final scientific program
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
... learning, memory, cognition, perception, action and ultimately conscious awareness. Electrophysiological recordings in behaving animals over the past forty years have revealed considerable information about what the firing patterns of single neurons encode in isolation, but it remains largely a myst ...
Millisecond Timescale Synchrony among Hippocampal Neurons
... Introduction Networks of neurons in the brain generate an assortment of oscillatory patterns. In the hippocampus, prominent oscillations have been noted at (5–10 Hz), slow ␥ (30 –50 Hz), fast ␥ (50 –90 Hz), (90 –140 Hz), and ripple (130 –230 Hz) frequencies (Belluscio et al., 2012). Although num ...
... Introduction Networks of neurons in the brain generate an assortment of oscillatory patterns. In the hippocampus, prominent oscillations have been noted at (5–10 Hz), slow ␥ (30 –50 Hz), fast ␥ (50 –90 Hz), (90 –140 Hz), and ripple (130 –230 Hz) frequencies (Belluscio et al., 2012). Although num ...
(15 pages pdf)
... In an effort to develop a Drosophila model of cumulative stressinduced arousal, we tested whether closely spaced repetitive startle stimuli could produce an extended period of hyperactivity. We delivered a succession of brief air puffs (200 ms duration at 5 s intervals, 35 psi) to adult flies placed ...
... In an effort to develop a Drosophila model of cumulative stressinduced arousal, we tested whether closely spaced repetitive startle stimuli could produce an extended period of hyperactivity. We delivered a succession of brief air puffs (200 ms duration at 5 s intervals, 35 psi) to adult flies placed ...
Changes in the connections of the main olfactory bulb after mitral
... (PCD) mouse was used. This mutant animal undergoes a specific neurodegeneration of mitral cells, whereas tufted cells do not degenerate. The unilateral tracer injections used were small and confined largely to the OB of both PCD and control mice at P120. Seven days after tracer injection, the efferenc ...
... (PCD) mouse was used. This mutant animal undergoes a specific neurodegeneration of mitral cells, whereas tufted cells do not degenerate. The unilateral tracer injections used were small and confined largely to the OB of both PCD and control mice at P120. Seven days after tracer injection, the efferenc ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Spindles occur when aminergic input is slowly withdrawn during early NREM sleep leading to bursts of action potentials in reticular neurons. This leads to excitatory potential in cortical neurons signaled as spindles. Spindles are inhibited during wakefulness and REM sleep by tonic firing of thalami ...
... Spindles occur when aminergic input is slowly withdrawn during early NREM sleep leading to bursts of action potentials in reticular neurons. This leads to excitatory potential in cortical neurons signaled as spindles. Spindles are inhibited during wakefulness and REM sleep by tonic firing of thalami ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
Cell-Specific Transcriptional Profiling of Ciliated Sensory Neurons
... for EV biogenesis, independent of the innate immunity MAPK signaling cascade. This first high-resolution transcriptome profile of a subtype of ciliated sensory neurons isolated from adult animals reveals the functional components of an EVN. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The cilium both releases and binds t ...
... for EV biogenesis, independent of the innate immunity MAPK signaling cascade. This first high-resolution transcriptome profile of a subtype of ciliated sensory neurons isolated from adult animals reveals the functional components of an EVN. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The cilium both releases and binds t ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... mechanoreceptors and glial modulation. In neurons, osmosensing mechanoreceptors were initially identified as stretch-modulated cation channels [25] and now are associated to the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid (V) family cation channel proteins. The osmosensory ability of SON neurons is ...
... mechanoreceptors and glial modulation. In neurons, osmosensing mechanoreceptors were initially identified as stretch-modulated cation channels [25] and now are associated to the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid (V) family cation channel proteins. The osmosensory ability of SON neurons is ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... respond only to the pleasantness of a sensory stimulus, and not to its identity, to its meaning, or to the context in which the stimulus appears. When neurons encode only one variable, other neurons may easily read out the information represented, and the representation can, in principle, be modified ...
... respond only to the pleasantness of a sensory stimulus, and not to its identity, to its meaning, or to the context in which the stimulus appears. When neurons encode only one variable, other neurons may easily read out the information represented, and the representation can, in principle, be modified ...
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... Author contributions: R.D.S.: concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, final approval of manuscript; K.E.S.: collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, final approval of manuscript; R.L.P.: collection of da ...
... Author contributions: R.D.S.: concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, final approval of manuscript; K.E.S.: collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, final approval of manuscript; R.L.P.: collection of da ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... mirror attached to the head coil. The screen subtended 30° of visual angle in the horizontal dimension and 26° in the vertical dimension. A trigger pulse from the scanner synchronized the start of the stimulus presentation to the beginning of the image acquisition. Visual stimuli. Visual stimuli con ...
... mirror attached to the head coil. The screen subtended 30° of visual angle in the horizontal dimension and 26° in the vertical dimension. A trigger pulse from the scanner synchronized the start of the stimulus presentation to the beginning of the image acquisition. Visual stimuli. Visual stimuli con ...
Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... Astrocytes are connected to each other by unidirectional gap junctions that allow the exchange of many biologically important molecules (21, 22). Astrocyte to astrocyte unidirectional transfer of unbound cytoplasmic Ca2+ occurs through gap junctions during calcium wave generation (23). The presence ...
... Astrocytes are connected to each other by unidirectional gap junctions that allow the exchange of many biologically important molecules (21, 22). Astrocyte to astrocyte unidirectional transfer of unbound cytoplasmic Ca2+ occurs through gap junctions during calcium wave generation (23). The presence ...
Long thought to be solely the BRAIN`S COORDINATOR of body
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
Lesser
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
... about the youngsters’ immediate world. But rats tend to get into trouble using their mouths. The fractured structure of the touch maps in the cerebellum supported the idea that the region was somehow comparing the sensory data coming from the multiple body parts used by each animal to explore its wo ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.