Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... impact on the brain and it is therefore debated whether visual properties registered in anesthesia are applicable for the alert state. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate preferences in spatial and temporal frequencies for single units in primary visual cortex in alert rats and compar ...
... impact on the brain and it is therefore debated whether visual properties registered in anesthesia are applicable for the alert state. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate preferences in spatial and temporal frequencies for single units in primary visual cortex in alert rats and compar ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... networks of neurons: beta synchrony selects the relevant network while alpha may de-select the irrelevant, but dominant, network so that a weaker, relevant, one can be established. Similar dual mechanisms may bias competition between stimuli during focal attention, leading to highfrequency synchroni ...
... networks of neurons: beta synchrony selects the relevant network while alpha may de-select the irrelevant, but dominant, network so that a weaker, relevant, one can be established. Similar dual mechanisms may bias competition between stimuli during focal attention, leading to highfrequency synchroni ...
Embodied Cognition and Mirror Neurons
... Gonzalez-Castillo 2010, Lorey et al. 2013). A recent meta-analysis of fMRI studies on action concepts found no support for the idea that the activation of premotor and motor regions plays a significant role in processing action concepts (Watson et al. 2013; see also Bedny & Caramazza 2011). In a seri ...
... Gonzalez-Castillo 2010, Lorey et al. 2013). A recent meta-analysis of fMRI studies on action concepts found no support for the idea that the activation of premotor and motor regions plays a significant role in processing action concepts (Watson et al. 2013; see also Bedny & Caramazza 2011). In a seri ...
Spinal cord
... • 12.1 Discuss the anatomical features of the spinal cord. • 12.2 Describe the three meningeal layers that surround the spinal cord. • 12.3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands. • 12.4 Describe the major components of a s ...
... • 12.1 Discuss the anatomical features of the spinal cord. • 12.2 Describe the three meningeal layers that surround the spinal cord. • 12.3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and relaying sensory information and motor commands. • 12.4 Describe the major components of a s ...
gaba-mediated inhibition correlates with orientation selectivity in
... Abstract—Orientation selectivity is an important emergent property of neurons in the primary visual cortex, and inhibition is thought to play an important role in establishing this selectivity. But the relationship between strength of inhibition and orientation selectivity is unclear. To investigate ...
... Abstract—Orientation selectivity is an important emergent property of neurons in the primary visual cortex, and inhibition is thought to play an important role in establishing this selectivity. But the relationship between strength of inhibition and orientation selectivity is unclear. To investigate ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
A neural basis for a false memory
... Experience often does not produce veridical memory. Understanding false attribution of events constitutes an important problem in memory research. ‘‘Peak shift’’ is a well-characterized, controllable phenomenon in which human and animal subjects that receive reinforcement associated with one sensory ...
... Experience often does not produce veridical memory. Understanding false attribution of events constitutes an important problem in memory research. ‘‘Peak shift’’ is a well-characterized, controllable phenomenon in which human and animal subjects that receive reinforcement associated with one sensory ...
Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
... • A painful stimulus causes the limb to automatically withdraw from the stimulus. • Neural pathways for reflex: – nociceptor activation transmitted to the spinal cord – synapses with pool of interneurons that diverge the to the muscles for withdrawal, inhibit antagonist muscles, and activate reverbe ...
... • A painful stimulus causes the limb to automatically withdraw from the stimulus. • Neural pathways for reflex: – nociceptor activation transmitted to the spinal cord – synapses with pool of interneurons that diverge the to the muscles for withdrawal, inhibit antagonist muscles, and activate reverbe ...
Molecular mechanisms of growth cone guidance
... navigation of growth cones through the preexisting tissue is controlled by a continuous integration of both positive and negative cues. The path taken by an axon is determined by the continuously changing situation encountered by the growth cone at any given site along the trajectory of the axon to ...
... navigation of growth cones through the preexisting tissue is controlled by a continuous integration of both positive and negative cues. The path taken by an axon is determined by the continuously changing situation encountered by the growth cone at any given site along the trajectory of the axon to ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic nor pharmacological lesions of this or any other brain region ...
... the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic nor pharmacological lesions of this or any other brain region ...
Nervous System - Winston Knoll Collegiate
... – Let’s understand this power with a little exercise with twenty brain cells. – An average brain may have 50-100 billion neurons and 1000 trillion connections. – Make ten dots on each side of your page – (Please be organized and space them out so ...
... – Let’s understand this power with a little exercise with twenty brain cells. – An average brain may have 50-100 billion neurons and 1000 trillion connections. – Make ten dots on each side of your page – (Please be organized and space them out so ...
Vasopressin Receptors of the Vasopressor (V,)
... kHz), and stored on magnetic tape. Ratemeter records of neuronal firing were plotted on paper with an oscillograph. Part of the recordings were carried out using micropipettes containing 2Oh (wt/vol) Niagara Sky Blue in 0.5 M Na-acetate. At the end of the recording session the dye was ejected by app ...
... kHz), and stored on magnetic tape. Ratemeter records of neuronal firing were plotted on paper with an oscillograph. Part of the recordings were carried out using micropipettes containing 2Oh (wt/vol) Niagara Sky Blue in 0.5 M Na-acetate. At the end of the recording session the dye was ejected by app ...
2/ the biological perspective - test bank and solution manual for your
... point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell, a process called depolarization. The action potential is the sequence of electrical charges moving down the cell, also called a “neural impulse.” (See Figu ...
... point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell, a process called depolarization. The action potential is the sequence of electrical charges moving down the cell, also called a “neural impulse.” (See Figu ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... only important from an anatomical point of view, but would assist interpretations of the many experiments performed in mouse models of Parkinson‟s disease, particularly as there is a selective loss mainly of the ventral A9 neurons in this disease (Ma et al. 1995; Pakkenberg et al. 1991). The observa ...
... only important from an anatomical point of view, but would assist interpretations of the many experiments performed in mouse models of Parkinson‟s disease, particularly as there is a selective loss mainly of the ventral A9 neurons in this disease (Ma et al. 1995; Pakkenberg et al. 1991). The observa ...
Read as PDF
... July 15, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00418.2009. Two distinct mechanisms mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechan ...
... July 15, 2009; doi:10.1152/jn.00418.2009. Two distinct mechanisms mediate potentiating effects of depolarization on synaptic transmission. Recently there has been renewed interest in a type of plasticity in which a neuron’s somatic membrane potential influences synaptic transmission. We study mechan ...
2/ the biological perspective - College Test bank
... point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell, a process called depolarization. The action potential is the sequence of electrical charges moving down the cell, also called a “neural impulse.” (See Figu ...
... point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by allowing positive sodium ions to enter the cell, a process called depolarization. The action potential is the sequence of electrical charges moving down the cell, also called a “neural impulse.” (See Figu ...
the amygdala and reward
... information about the physical features of objects, and that any impairment in learning about stimulus–reward associations that results from lesions to the amygdala is unlikely to reflect deficits in processing or representing attributes of the ‘stimulus’ part of the association. Furthermore, these ...
... information about the physical features of objects, and that any impairment in learning about stimulus–reward associations that results from lesions to the amygdala is unlikely to reflect deficits in processing or representing attributes of the ‘stimulus’ part of the association. Furthermore, these ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... information about the physical features of objects, and that any impairment in learning about stimulus–reward associations that results from lesions to the amygdala is unlikely to reflect deficits in processing or representing attributes of the ‘stimulus’ part of the association. Furthermore, these ...
... information about the physical features of objects, and that any impairment in learning about stimulus–reward associations that results from lesions to the amygdala is unlikely to reflect deficits in processing or representing attributes of the ‘stimulus’ part of the association. Furthermore, these ...
PDF
... mice with cortical excitatory cells that expressed the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP3. In brief, Emx1-IRES-Cre mice (Gorski et al., 2002, JAX stock # 005628) were crossed with Ai38 mice (Zariwala et al., 2012, JAX stock # 014538) to produce F1 hybrids. This transgenic mouse was used to obser ...
... mice with cortical excitatory cells that expressed the genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP3. In brief, Emx1-IRES-Cre mice (Gorski et al., 2002, JAX stock # 005628) were crossed with Ai38 mice (Zariwala et al., 2012, JAX stock # 014538) to produce F1 hybrids. This transgenic mouse was used to obser ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... plasticity, They found that changes in neuronal receptive Weld properties could be expressed in some behavioral circumstances and not in others. In more recent studies by Yin et al. (2001, 2005) monkeys were overtrained to respond selectively for water reward to a short melodic target sequence of pu ...
... plasticity, They found that changes in neuronal receptive Weld properties could be expressed in some behavioral circumstances and not in others. In more recent studies by Yin et al. (2001, 2005) monkeys were overtrained to respond selectively for water reward to a short melodic target sequence of pu ...
Smooth Muscle - Judith Brown CPD
... sodium channels are not significant. Spike depolarisations associated with calcium ion entry are seen in some types of smooth muscle, but the fast action potentials associated with nerves and striated muscles are not observed. Receptors are distributed fairly evenly over the surface of smooth muscle ...
... sodium channels are not significant. Spike depolarisations associated with calcium ion entry are seen in some types of smooth muscle, but the fast action potentials associated with nerves and striated muscles are not observed. Receptors are distributed fairly evenly over the surface of smooth muscle ...
How microglia kill neurons
... found to cause death specifically of dopaminergic neurons in embryonic rat midbrain cultures, but it was not tested whether this neurotoxicity was mediated by glia (Clarke and Branton, 2002; McGuire et al., 2001). We found that TNFα could induce delayed neuronal loss that was prevented if microglia w ...
... found to cause death specifically of dopaminergic neurons in embryonic rat midbrain cultures, but it was not tested whether this neurotoxicity was mediated by glia (Clarke and Branton, 2002; McGuire et al., 2001). We found that TNFα could induce delayed neuronal loss that was prevented if microglia w ...
Neuronal correlates of movement dynamics in the dorsal and ventral
... CCK) was introduced. The same timing and spatial constraints were maintained throughout the session. Previous work shows that upon adaptation to curl force fields, the electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles activated during the movement undergoes systematic changes. Specifically, muscles tuning c ...
... CCK) was introduced. The same timing and spatial constraints were maintained throughout the session. Previous work shows that upon adaptation to curl force fields, the electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles activated during the movement undergoes systematic changes. Specifically, muscles tuning c ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.