A Comparison of Neural Spike Classification Techniques.
... chemical analysis of the substance that is about to be eaten. The resulting chemical analysis is transmitted to the CNS along eight parallel pathways. The activity level of an individual neuron is conveyed as a pulse frequency modulated (PFM) signal were spike frequency is modulated by chemoreceptor ...
... chemical analysis of the substance that is about to be eaten. The resulting chemical analysis is transmitted to the CNS along eight parallel pathways. The activity level of an individual neuron is conveyed as a pulse frequency modulated (PFM) signal were spike frequency is modulated by chemoreceptor ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... VCN – Ventral Cochlear Nucleus ...
... VCN – Ventral Cochlear Nucleus ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as, to some extent, feedback signaling to return information on the thermal state of internal body to the POA (181). However, the effect of body core temperature on skin thermosensation would be small when skin blood flow is attenuated due to ...
... disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as, to some extent, feedback signaling to return information on the thermal state of internal body to the POA (181). However, the effect of body core temperature on skin thermosensation would be small when skin blood flow is attenuated due to ...
Arabinogalactan protein-rich cell walls, paramural deposits and
... modifications in the form of various types of thickenings (Dobbins and Kuijt, 1973; Renaudin and Cheguillaume, 1977; Visser et al., 1984; Mallaburn and Stewart, 1987). Some of these features have often led to the tissue being described as highly metabolically active (Visser et al., 1984; Gurney et a ...
... modifications in the form of various types of thickenings (Dobbins and Kuijt, 1973; Renaudin and Cheguillaume, 1977; Visser et al., 1984; Mallaburn and Stewart, 1987). Some of these features have often led to the tissue being described as highly metabolically active (Visser et al., 1984; Gurney et a ...
Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied with the searching currents ranging between 200 and 1000 A. Antidromic currents varied between 50 and 400 A (Lemon, 1984). Neurons identified as antidromic had a short (⬍2.0 msec) and consistent latency and wer ...
... kHz. Single, biphasic pulses 150 sec in duration were used. Current intensities varied with the searching currents ranging between 200 and 1000 A. Antidromic currents varied between 50 and 400 A (Lemon, 1984). Neurons identified as antidromic had a short (⬍2.0 msec) and consistent latency and wer ...
Nat Methods 6:219-224 - University of British Columbia
... feasible in humans4. Each of these techniques has unique advantages and limitations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is noninvasive but has poor spatial resolution. Electrode-based brain stimulation methods have common disadvantages: the inability to selectively target neuronal subtypes, indiscrim ...
... feasible in humans4. Each of these techniques has unique advantages and limitations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is noninvasive but has poor spatial resolution. Electrode-based brain stimulation methods have common disadvantages: the inability to selectively target neuronal subtypes, indiscrim ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... those of the finest and closest cobwebs, and imagine the mesh of these fibres to start from the marginal ganglia, he will gain a tolerably correct idea of the lowest nervous system in the animal kingdom”. We now know that the neurons which make up the MNN in scyphomedusae are bi- or multi-polar, and ...
... those of the finest and closest cobwebs, and imagine the mesh of these fibres to start from the marginal ganglia, he will gain a tolerably correct idea of the lowest nervous system in the animal kingdom”. We now know that the neurons which make up the MNN in scyphomedusae are bi- or multi-polar, and ...
Phosphorylated Tyr142 β-Catenin signaling in axon morphogenesis and centrosomal functions Deepshikha Bhardwaj
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
... the celebration. But I can never forgive you people for snatching the complete limelight from the bride-groom. The happy and joyful moments (especially Hugo’s sense of humour) shared by all of us during short tea/coffee sessions in bars will always be cherished. “A friend in need is a friend indeed” ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... V1 intrinsic horizontal connections provide a more likely substrate for contour integration. Introduction Neurons in V1 analyze not just the attributes of local features, such as orientation, but also the global characteristics of extended contours. Superficial V1 neurons are sensitive to complex st ...
... V1 intrinsic horizontal connections provide a more likely substrate for contour integration. Introduction Neurons in V1 analyze not just the attributes of local features, such as orientation, but also the global characteristics of extended contours. Superficial V1 neurons are sensitive to complex st ...
Part 3 - Health Recovery Group
... Pacing: The process of controlling activities based upon predetermined schedules, as opposed to having those activities controlled by pain levels. Pain-Control Strategy: Any technique or approach used by a person to manage pain. Pain-Prone Personality: A theoretical construct that holds that some pe ...
... Pacing: The process of controlling activities based upon predetermined schedules, as opposed to having those activities controlled by pain levels. Pain-Control Strategy: Any technique or approach used by a person to manage pain. Pain-Prone Personality: A theoretical construct that holds that some pe ...
Human brainstem preganglionic parasympathetic
... 1980) and monkey (Perwaiz and Karim, 1982). The preganglionic neurons do not form discrete cell groups, so that it is difficult to identify them on Nissl appearance alone; nor is there a clear rostrocaudal distinction between neurons with axons exiting the brainstem in VII and those exiting in IX, s ...
... 1980) and monkey (Perwaiz and Karim, 1982). The preganglionic neurons do not form discrete cell groups, so that it is difficult to identify them on Nissl appearance alone; nor is there a clear rostrocaudal distinction between neurons with axons exiting the brainstem in VII and those exiting in IX, s ...
THE PEDUNCULOPONTINE NUCLEUS: Towards a Functional
... negative for ChAT, were located dorsal to the population that were positive for ChAT. In other words, classical targets of the PPN receive axons from cells that are located outside of the cholinergic cell population of the PPN. Recent functional studies showed that noncholinergic cells, whether with ...
... negative for ChAT, were located dorsal to the population that were positive for ChAT. In other words, classical targets of the PPN receive axons from cells that are located outside of the cholinergic cell population of the PPN. Recent functional studies showed that noncholinergic cells, whether with ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos, Vishal Kapoor, Nikos K. Logothetis, Guyla Kovács, and Mark W. Greenlee. I consider myself fortunate to have met and enjoyed inspiring discussions with many researchers, not only in Barcelona, but also during my multiple lab visits, summer courses, and conferences. Thr ...
... Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos, Vishal Kapoor, Nikos K. Logothetis, Guyla Kovács, and Mark W. Greenlee. I consider myself fortunate to have met and enjoyed inspiring discussions with many researchers, not only in Barcelona, but also during my multiple lab visits, summer courses, and conferences. Thr ...
Severely dystrophic axons at amyloid plaques
... mechanisms linking dystrophy to early synapse loss in patients (Selkoe, 2002). Moreover, despite the importance of synapse loss for early symptoms, synapse loss is a localized, potentially reversible event. It is equally important to understand key steps to irreversible neuron damage, such as axon i ...
... mechanisms linking dystrophy to early synapse loss in patients (Selkoe, 2002). Moreover, despite the importance of synapse loss for early symptoms, synapse loss is a localized, potentially reversible event. It is equally important to understand key steps to irreversible neuron damage, such as axon i ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... elegans, were found to target chinmo to regulate the temporal identity of Drosophila mushroom body neurons (Wu, Chen, Mercer, & Sokol, 2012). Since Chinmo protein or Let-7 miRNAs are not detected in NBs, how the Chinmo gradient in neurons is regulated as the NB ages is not understood. Postembryonic ...
... elegans, were found to target chinmo to regulate the temporal identity of Drosophila mushroom body neurons (Wu, Chen, Mercer, & Sokol, 2012). Since Chinmo protein or Let-7 miRNAs are not detected in NBs, how the Chinmo gradient in neurons is regulated as the NB ages is not understood. Postembryonic ...
Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working
... of any other activity, the thalamic neurons are inhibited by constant firing of GPi/SNr neurons. Therefore, when the striatal neurons fire, they serve to disinhibit the thalamic neurons (Chevalier & Deniau, 1990; Deniau & Chevalier, 1985). As was emphasized by Chevalier and Deniau (and was suggested ...
... of any other activity, the thalamic neurons are inhibited by constant firing of GPi/SNr neurons. Therefore, when the striatal neurons fire, they serve to disinhibit the thalamic neurons (Chevalier & Deniau, 1990; Deniau & Chevalier, 1985). As was emphasized by Chevalier and Deniau (and was suggested ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
Expectancies in decision making, reinforcement
... an explicit computational account of not only how an agent might choose among alternatives based on a set of internal variables, but also how those variables are learned and modified from experience. The RL framework covers a range of models and methods, but most share common elements exemplified by ...
... an explicit computational account of not only how an agent might choose among alternatives based on a set of internal variables, but also how those variables are learned and modified from experience. The RL framework covers a range of models and methods, but most share common elements exemplified by ...
ROLE OF EARLY ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAT by
... Neocortical architecture is established by both intrinsic, genetic factors and experiencedependent factors. Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and refinement of cortical sensory fields, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). In this thesis, I investigated the ...
... Neocortical architecture is established by both intrinsic, genetic factors and experiencedependent factors. Postnatal sensory experience plays a significant role in the maturation and refinement of cortical sensory fields, such as the primary auditory cortex (A1). In this thesis, I investigated the ...
Psychopharmacology - University of South Alabama
... • Drug effects example: • Effects of opiates (_______________________) decrease sensitivity to pain, slow down digestion, relax muscles, constrict pupils, induce euphoria • Sites of action – specialized receptors in certain neurons in the CNS. ...
... • Drug effects example: • Effects of opiates (_______________________) decrease sensitivity to pain, slow down digestion, relax muscles, constrict pupils, induce euphoria • Sites of action – specialized receptors in certain neurons in the CNS. ...
PDF Document
... consistency of expression among animals. Although these considera- promoters alone. Researchers can take advantage of the intrinsic trotions are shared by researchers focusing on the brain, in our experience, pism that individual viruses exhibit to restrict opsin expression. In adextra care must be ...
... consistency of expression among animals. Although these considera- promoters alone. Researchers can take advantage of the intrinsic trotions are shared by researchers focusing on the brain, in our experience, pism that individual viruses exhibit to restrict opsin expression. In adextra care must be ...
CO2-pH
... Proprioceptors are a group of specialized receptors, which detect position and movement (kinesthetic). They monitor joint position, direction, speed, muscle tension and muscle-length. The effects of high CO2 and low pH on cellular function, particularly neurons, are of interest to understand as most ...
... Proprioceptors are a group of specialized receptors, which detect position and movement (kinesthetic). They monitor joint position, direction, speed, muscle tension and muscle-length. The effects of high CO2 and low pH on cellular function, particularly neurons, are of interest to understand as most ...
SPHS 4050, Neurological Bases, PP 09a
... – Roots connect to CNS • brainstem • uppermost spinal cord – Exit brain and pass through skull to reach the sense organs or muscles of head and neck with which they are associated – Relatively unprotected (susceptible to damage) – All twelve relevant to speech, language, communication hearing, &/or ...
... – Roots connect to CNS • brainstem • uppermost spinal cord – Exit brain and pass through skull to reach the sense organs or muscles of head and neck with which they are associated – Relatively unprotected (susceptible to damage) – All twelve relevant to speech, language, communication hearing, &/or ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields, over time (⬎100 ms), the activity of FEF neurons evolves to ...
... to orient (Schall 2004). Several more recent investigations have shown that although the initial activity of visually responsive neurons in FEF does not discriminate whether a target or distractor stimulus appears in their receptive fields, over time (⬎100 ms), the activity of FEF neurons evolves to ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.