Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... PKD-like conditions in the rats, and later to take electrical and chemical readings of what is happening in and around dopamine neurons. Students are testing a well-known theory; they collect data, and then interpret that data to see if it supports their hypothesis. www.mind.ilstu.edu ...
... PKD-like conditions in the rats, and later to take electrical and chemical readings of what is happening in and around dopamine neurons. Students are testing a well-known theory; they collect data, and then interpret that data to see if it supports their hypothesis. www.mind.ilstu.edu ...
Optical quantal analysis of synaptic transmission in wild
... PDZ interaction domain of the Shaker K+ channel at its C-terminal end, as has been done26 with the earlier Ca2+ sensor Cameleon27. This method of Ca2+ sensor targeting enables optical imaging of Ca2+ influx through postsynaptic glutamate receptors. The high signal-tonoise ratio of GCaMP2, together w ...
... PDZ interaction domain of the Shaker K+ channel at its C-terminal end, as has been done26 with the earlier Ca2+ sensor Cameleon27. This method of Ca2+ sensor targeting enables optical imaging of Ca2+ influx through postsynaptic glutamate receptors. The high signal-tonoise ratio of GCaMP2, together w ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... Neocortical neurons reveal at least four distinct electrophysiological types (see Fig. 3): (a) regular-spiking (RS), (b) intrinsically-bursting (IB), (c) fast-rhythmic-bursting (FRB) and (d) fast-spiking (FS, Fig. 3) (Connors and Gutnick 1990; Gray and McCormick 1996; McCormick et al. 1985; Steriade ...
... Neocortical neurons reveal at least four distinct electrophysiological types (see Fig. 3): (a) regular-spiking (RS), (b) intrinsically-bursting (IB), (c) fast-rhythmic-bursting (FRB) and (d) fast-spiking (FS, Fig. 3) (Connors and Gutnick 1990; Gray and McCormick 1996; McCormick et al. 1985; Steriade ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... variable latency and could sometimes evoke a single action potential in the recorded cell (Fig. 2 A). A second response observed in 37 (29%) of the GnRH neurons was attributable to the direct activation of their cell body or dendrite by the stimulating electrode. In this case, a very large current ( ...
... variable latency and could sometimes evoke a single action potential in the recorded cell (Fig. 2 A). A second response observed in 37 (29%) of the GnRH neurons was attributable to the direct activation of their cell body or dendrite by the stimulating electrode. In this case, a very large current ( ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... in neurons, and interacts with two sub-regions, ‘box 2’ (which contains Val66) and ‘box 3’, both of which are in the pro-domain of BDNF. Deletion of box 2 and/or box 3 reduced regulated BDNF secretion, and the Val–Met mutation reduced co-localization of BDNF with sortillin or secretory granules. Whe ...
... in neurons, and interacts with two sub-regions, ‘box 2’ (which contains Val66) and ‘box 3’, both of which are in the pro-domain of BDNF. Deletion of box 2 and/or box 3 reduced regulated BDNF secretion, and the Val–Met mutation reduced co-localization of BDNF with sortillin or secretory granules. Whe ...
Central Nervous System - Spinal Cord, Spinal
... spinal cord to brain) & descending tracts (convey motor information from brain to the spinal cord). 3. The anterior white column- lies between the anterior gray horns and the anterior median fissurehas both ascending & descending tracts. ...
... spinal cord to brain) & descending tracts (convey motor information from brain to the spinal cord). 3. The anterior white column- lies between the anterior gray horns and the anterior median fissurehas both ascending & descending tracts. ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... tical circuit is greatly simplified if an individual neuron receives all of its connections essentially from a single source, as Gilbert and Wiesel for the most part assumed. But a feature of cortical neurons is that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise ...
... tical circuit is greatly simplified if an individual neuron receives all of its connections essentially from a single source, as Gilbert and Wiesel for the most part assumed. But a feature of cortical neurons is that they are polyneuronally innervated; their excitatory and inhibitory synapses arise ...
The neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour
... correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally developed to measure visuospatial attention [3]. In th ...
... correlates of impulsivity in rodents. A commonly used behavioural paradigm that reliably measures aspects of the inhibition of actions, or impulsive action, in rodents is the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). The 5CSRTT was originally developed to measure visuospatial attention [3]. In th ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... Neurotransmitter concentrations were calculated by comparing the HPLC peak of glutamate, GABA, and histamine in the microdialysis samples with peak areas of known concentrations of standards, analyzed on the same day. The detection limit for GABA, glutamate, and histamine is 20 fmol each, as in our ...
... Neurotransmitter concentrations were calculated by comparing the HPLC peak of glutamate, GABA, and histamine in the microdialysis samples with peak areas of known concentrations of standards, analyzed on the same day. The detection limit for GABA, glutamate, and histamine is 20 fmol each, as in our ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... retrograde tracers into the pancreas of sympathectomised rats have demonstrated the distribution of higher order neurons that innervate the pancreas (18, 49, 69). These studies have revealed that neurons that comprise the parasympathetic circuitry to the pancreas show a wider distribution compared t ...
... retrograde tracers into the pancreas of sympathectomised rats have demonstrated the distribution of higher order neurons that innervate the pancreas (18, 49, 69). These studies have revealed that neurons that comprise the parasympathetic circuitry to the pancreas show a wider distribution compared t ...
A compensatory subpopulation of motor neurons in a mouse model
... loss and growth occur at individual neuromuscular junctions and whether such opposing events can occur in different branches of the same neuron or, alternatively, whether whole motor units are either compensating or degenerative. Evidence from developmental axon branch removal shows that individual ...
... loss and growth occur at individual neuromuscular junctions and whether such opposing events can occur in different branches of the same neuron or, alternatively, whether whole motor units are either compensating or degenerative. Evidence from developmental axon branch removal shows that individual ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
... are some that seem particularly relevant to neuroscientists. For example, the literature on imitative behaviours in animals highlights that a key issue in this area is the differentiation between various forms of mimicry and contagion and true imitation — that is, adding something new to one’s own m ...
... are some that seem particularly relevant to neuroscientists. For example, the literature on imitative behaviours in animals highlights that a key issue in this area is the differentiation between various forms of mimicry and contagion and true imitation — that is, adding something new to one’s own m ...
Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two
... subjects_ brains simultaneously as they played the multiround trust game (19) (fig. S1). The motivating idea behind this approach is simple: To probe neural substrates of social interactions, we scan the brains of multiple subjects engaged in a social interaction. Social decision-making critically d ...
... subjects_ brains simultaneously as they played the multiround trust game (19) (fig. S1). The motivating idea behind this approach is simple: To probe neural substrates of social interactions, we scan the brains of multiple subjects engaged in a social interaction. Social decision-making critically d ...
~ Pergamon
... We combined data from prefrontal areas with similar laminar definition to determine whether regional differences in the distribution of labelled neurons were related to differences in laminar characteristics noted previously/4 Categories were constructed on the basis of number of layers and laminar ...
... We combined data from prefrontal areas with similar laminar definition to determine whether regional differences in the distribution of labelled neurons were related to differences in laminar characteristics noted previously/4 Categories were constructed on the basis of number of layers and laminar ...
BIO 210 Course Outline
... 1. Describe the difference between electrical and chemical synapses. 2. Describe the events that occur at a chemical synapse. 3. Define neurotransmitter, identify several types and describe their effects. 4. Define neuromodulator, identify several types and describe their effects. F. Discuss informa ...
... 1. Describe the difference between electrical and chemical synapses. 2. Describe the events that occur at a chemical synapse. 3. Define neurotransmitter, identify several types and describe their effects. 4. Define neuromodulator, identify several types and describe their effects. F. Discuss informa ...
Rearrangement of microtubule polarity orientation during conversion
... neurite fate, axons vs. dendrites [Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005], but little is known of how these molecules affect microtubule polarity orientation in neuronal processes. Microtubule polarity orientation in such processes is an important determinant of their differentiation and maintenance because of ...
... neurite fate, axons vs. dendrites [Arimura and Kaibuchi, 2005], but little is known of how these molecules affect microtubule polarity orientation in neuronal processes. Microtubule polarity orientation in such processes is an important determinant of their differentiation and maintenance because of ...
hanPNAS11
... retrograde axonal tracing by injecting rhodamine-conjugated latex microspheres (LMS) into the pons of Tbr1+/+ and Tbr1−/− newborn mice. Analysis was carried out after 18–24 h of survival to allow for transport of the tracer, a time frame that is limited by the perinatal lethality of the Tbr1−/− (22) ...
... retrograde axonal tracing by injecting rhodamine-conjugated latex microspheres (LMS) into the pons of Tbr1+/+ and Tbr1−/− newborn mice. Analysis was carried out after 18–24 h of survival to allow for transport of the tracer, a time frame that is limited by the perinatal lethality of the Tbr1−/− (22) ...
Microevolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms
... life-history traits evolve. Genetic variation in reproductive control systems may exist in many elements of the complex inputs that can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) or reproductive axis. Such variation could include numbers and other traits of secretory cells, the amount and patte ...
... life-history traits evolve. Genetic variation in reproductive control systems may exist in many elements of the complex inputs that can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) or reproductive axis. Such variation could include numbers and other traits of secretory cells, the amount and patte ...
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... maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP levels and observed that Rolipram increased the length of the cortex activated by the paired tone and induced primary cortex neurons to become more selective to the paired tone. In t ...
... maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP levels and observed that Rolipram increased the length of the cortex activated by the paired tone and induced primary cortex neurons to become more selective to the paired tone. In t ...
Morphological Studies of Wobbler Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia
... affected in ALS patients and Heads et al. [21] suggested a more widespread metabolic disturbance in ALS, with parallel involvement of efferent and afferent neurons. The wobbler mutation, as well as the expression of Vps54 is ubiquitous and it is thus to be expected that other neuronal tissues are al ...
... affected in ALS patients and Heads et al. [21] suggested a more widespread metabolic disturbance in ALS, with parallel involvement of efferent and afferent neurons. The wobbler mutation, as well as the expression of Vps54 is ubiquitous and it is thus to be expected that other neuronal tissues are al ...
audition - Neuroanatomy
... Sound pressure at the threshold of hearing, which means sounds that are just barely detectable by a normal listener under optimal conditions, is designated as 0 dB sound pressure level, or 0 dB SPL. The accompanying chart shows on a dB scale the approximate sound pressure levels of events in our eve ...
... Sound pressure at the threshold of hearing, which means sounds that are just barely detectable by a normal listener under optimal conditions, is designated as 0 dB sound pressure level, or 0 dB SPL. The accompanying chart shows on a dB scale the approximate sound pressure levels of events in our eve ...
Distinct Representations and Theta Dynamics in Dorsal and Ventral
... ⬎80% of the maze area, were classified as putative interneurons. Other cells were classified as pyramidal cells (supplemental Fig. 2 A, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). No attempt was made to distinguish among the large family of interneurons (Freund and Buzsáki, 1996). The ...
... ⬎80% of the maze area, were classified as putative interneurons. Other cells were classified as pyramidal cells (supplemental Fig. 2 A, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). No attempt was made to distinguish among the large family of interneurons (Freund and Buzsáki, 1996). The ...
Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling regulates Kv4.2-mediated - AJP-Cell
... cells and constitute the largest homogeneous neuronal population in the mammalian brain. Due to their postnatal generation and well-defined developmental pathway in vitro, cultures of primary CGNs have been established as a model for studying neuronal maturation, differentiation, and synaptic plasti ...
... cells and constitute the largest homogeneous neuronal population in the mammalian brain. Due to their postnatal generation and well-defined developmental pathway in vitro, cultures of primary CGNs have been established as a model for studying neuronal maturation, differentiation, and synaptic plasti ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as, to some extent, feedback signaling to return information on the thermal state of internal body to the POA (181). However, the effect of body core temperature on skin thermosensation would be small when skin blood flow is attenuated due to ...
... disturbances from the environment (Fig. 1A) (64), as well as, to some extent, feedback signaling to return information on the thermal state of internal body to the POA (181). However, the effect of body core temperature on skin thermosensation would be small when skin blood flow is attenuated due to ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.