Continuous transformation learning of translation
... is not to investigate how many objects can be discriminated, for we agree with Pinto et al. (2008) that a more fundamental issue in understanding visual object recognition is to understand how invariant representations can be formed using well-controlled stimuli, rather than large numbers of stimuli ...
... is not to investigate how many objects can be discriminated, for we agree with Pinto et al. (2008) that a more fundamental issue in understanding visual object recognition is to understand how invariant representations can be formed using well-controlled stimuli, rather than large numbers of stimuli ...
Dopamine in Schizophrenia
... drug had high antipsychotic efficacy at doses that did not produce extrapyramidal side effects (Hogberg et al. 1987;Arnt and Skarsfeldt 1998; Kinon and Lieberman 1996). The latter was consistent with findings that relatively to the typical APD haloperidol, clozapine produced a much weaker striatal D ...
... drug had high antipsychotic efficacy at doses that did not produce extrapyramidal side effects (Hogberg et al. 1987;Arnt and Skarsfeldt 1998; Kinon and Lieberman 1996). The latter was consistent with findings that relatively to the typical APD haloperidol, clozapine produced a much weaker striatal D ...
lecture 12 - McLoon Lab - University of Minnesota
... Brainstem includes the medulla, pons and midbrain. All regions are visible on the ventral side of the brain. ...
... Brainstem includes the medulla, pons and midbrain. All regions are visible on the ventral side of the brain. ...
A neurocomputational model of the mammalian fear
... second-order conditioning, sensory preconditioning, context conditioning, blocking, firstorder extinction and renewal (AAB, ABC, ABA), and extinction and renewal after secondorder conditioning and sensory preconditioning. The simulated neural populations used to account for the behaviour observed in ...
... second-order conditioning, sensory preconditioning, context conditioning, blocking, firstorder extinction and renewal (AAB, ABC, ABA), and extinction and renewal after secondorder conditioning and sensory preconditioning. The simulated neural populations used to account for the behaviour observed in ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
... d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció a ...
Quantitative assessment of neurite outgrowth in human
... microscope with an EXFO X-citeTM 120 metal-halide arc lamp, motorized imaging objectives, stage and excitation/emission filter wheel and a 12-bit high-resolution CCD camera connected to a Dell Intel1 XenonTM computer terminal with 2 GHz processor. Image acquisition and storage was performed using the ...
... microscope with an EXFO X-citeTM 120 metal-halide arc lamp, motorized imaging objectives, stage and excitation/emission filter wheel and a 12-bit high-resolution CCD camera connected to a Dell Intel1 XenonTM computer terminal with 2 GHz processor. Image acquisition and storage was performed using the ...
Experimentally cross-wired lingual taste nerves can restore normal
... the CT) nerve is essential for the maintenance of both an unconditioned protective reflex (gaping) and the neural activity observed in central gustatory structures in response to lingual application of a bitter substance. An unresolved issue, however, is whether recovery depends more on the taste ne ...
... the CT) nerve is essential for the maintenance of both an unconditioned protective reflex (gaping) and the neural activity observed in central gustatory structures in response to lingual application of a bitter substance. An unresolved issue, however, is whether recovery depends more on the taste ne ...
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System Is Involved in Rapid Nerve
... ACh release from these synaptosomes starting within 1 min after NGF application. Anti-NGF antibodies blocked the NGFinduced rapid release of ACh. The rapid induction of ACh release cannot be readily explained by NGF’s known role of regulating the survival and function of BF cholinergic system as thi ...
... ACh release from these synaptosomes starting within 1 min after NGF application. Anti-NGF antibodies blocked the NGFinduced rapid release of ACh. The rapid induction of ACh release cannot be readily explained by NGF’s known role of regulating the survival and function of BF cholinergic system as thi ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... spatially separated regions of activation for processes at different levels of the hierarchy. This can be tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also sought to extend the models to the context of voluntary behavior. Both models are supported by animal literature (without refere ...
... spatially separated regions of activation for processes at different levels of the hierarchy. This can be tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also sought to extend the models to the context of voluntary behavior. Both models are supported by animal literature (without refere ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... dendrites which are extended outward to communicate with thousand other neurons. Dendrites bring electrochemical stimuli to the cell body. The part of the neuron that carries away electrochemical output from the neuron towards other target cell is the axon. A neuron generally has only one axon which ...
... dendrites which are extended outward to communicate with thousand other neurons. Dendrites bring electrochemical stimuli to the cell body. The part of the neuron that carries away electrochemical output from the neuron towards other target cell is the axon. A neuron generally has only one axon which ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
Basal Ganglia YAYDAR 2012-2013
... Basically the activity of basal nuclei begins by information received from sensory cortex, thalamus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus, according to thoughts of mind. • These information is integrated within corpus striatum and channeled within globus pallidus and outflow back to motor areas of cere ...
... Basically the activity of basal nuclei begins by information received from sensory cortex, thalamus, substantia nigra, and red nucleus, according to thoughts of mind. • These information is integrated within corpus striatum and channeled within globus pallidus and outflow back to motor areas of cere ...
When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
... scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) are likely to differ from taking a view of the same scene from one’s own perspective (1PP). Although the cognitive operations differ phenomenally, when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) or from one’s own perspective (1PP), bot ...
... scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) are likely to differ from taking a view of the same scene from one’s own perspective (1PP). Although the cognitive operations differ phenomenally, when perceiving a visual scene from another person’s viewpoint (3PP) or from one’s own perspective (1PP), bot ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... 1917). In the 1930s Penfield found a topographically organized representation of the entire body in human M1 ("homunculus"), where the lips and tongue, thumb and hand receive a disproportionally large representation (Penfield and Boldrey, 1937). A homologous map was found in monkeys (Woolsey et al. ...
... 1917). In the 1930s Penfield found a topographically organized representation of the entire body in human M1 ("homunculus"), where the lips and tongue, thumb and hand receive a disproportionally large representation (Penfield and Boldrey, 1937). A homologous map was found in monkeys (Woolsey et al. ...
Ch. 2 - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... If action potentials are all or none, how does the nervous system code differences in sensory stimulus amplitudes? What property (or properties) of ion channels makes them selective to only one ion such as K+, and not another such as Na+? Is it the size of the channel, other factors, or a combinatio ...
... If action potentials are all or none, how does the nervous system code differences in sensory stimulus amplitudes? What property (or properties) of ion channels makes them selective to only one ion such as K+, and not another such as Na+? Is it the size of the channel, other factors, or a combinatio ...
Synaptic Inputs to Stellate Cells in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
... stellate cells in parasagittal slices of murine cochlear nuclei. Shocks to the auditory nerve consistently evoked five types of synaptic responses in T stellate cells, which reflect sources intrinsic to the cochlear nuclear complex. 1) Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that wer ...
... stellate cells in parasagittal slices of murine cochlear nuclei. Shocks to the auditory nerve consistently evoked five types of synaptic responses in T stellate cells, which reflect sources intrinsic to the cochlear nuclear complex. 1) Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that wer ...
The addictive behaviour induced by food monosodium glutamate
... taste („umami“) is elicited by both components of MSG: glutamate anion and Na+ cation (17). It must be remembered also that glutamatergic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens is critical for the expression of the behaviors related to addiction (18,19). Desensibilization of D2 receptors and sensibiliz ...
... taste („umami“) is elicited by both components of MSG: glutamate anion and Na+ cation (17). It must be remembered also that glutamatergic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens is critical for the expression of the behaviors related to addiction (18,19). Desensibilization of D2 receptors and sensibiliz ...
Chapter 2: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
... Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ ...
... Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ ...
"Visual System Development in Vertebrates". In: Encyclopedia of
... development The mature vertebrate retina detects and relays light signals from the external environment to specific regions of the brain. It is derived from the neuroepithelium of the anterior neural tube that bulges laterally (evaginates) soon after neural tube closure to give rise to balloon-shaped ...
... development The mature vertebrate retina detects and relays light signals from the external environment to specific regions of the brain. It is derived from the neuroepithelium of the anterior neural tube that bulges laterally (evaginates) soon after neural tube closure to give rise to balloon-shaped ...
Promega Notes: Primer Pairs for Neurotrophic Factor mRNA Analysis
... CNS of lower order species. NGF, the classic target-derived neurotrophic factor, acts through two distinct receptors - p75NTR and the TrkA receptor (1). Many neuronal types, especially sympathetic neurons cultured from neonatal animals, require NGF for survival (2). Moreover, NGF 'knockout' mice exh ...
... CNS of lower order species. NGF, the classic target-derived neurotrophic factor, acts through two distinct receptors - p75NTR and the TrkA receptor (1). Many neuronal types, especially sympathetic neurons cultured from neonatal animals, require NGF for survival (2). Moreover, NGF 'knockout' mice exh ...
Imaging development and plasticity in the mouse visual system
... provides a convenient and well established model to study both development and experiencedependent plasticity of neuronal circuits. The aim of this thesis is to employ the mouse visual system to explore how neuronal activity influences the formation of brain circuits and mediates their experience-de ...
... provides a convenient and well established model to study both development and experiencedependent plasticity of neuronal circuits. The aim of this thesis is to employ the mouse visual system to explore how neuronal activity influences the formation of brain circuits and mediates their experience-de ...
Functional differences between dorsal and ventral hippocampus
... in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and functional differences that could explain the reported results (Moser et al., 1993; Jung et al., 1994). Thus, from a behavioral p ...
... in the dorsal region in basal condition. The parcellation of hippocampus into dorsal and ventral zones has been considered by other authors, which found morphological and functional differences that could explain the reported results (Moser et al., 1993; Jung et al., 1994). Thus, from a behavioral p ...
Cortical evolution and development: Conserved
... Tessier-Lavigne 2001), and activity-dependent stabilization of synaptic connections (Greenough & Bailey 1988). Though highly conserved, such a set of fundamental mechanisms seems ill-described as “constraints”. A longer view of the definition of “adaptation” and “environment” than each particular an ...
... Tessier-Lavigne 2001), and activity-dependent stabilization of synaptic connections (Greenough & Bailey 1988). Though highly conserved, such a set of fundamental mechanisms seems ill-described as “constraints”. A longer view of the definition of “adaptation” and “environment” than each particular an ...
3. NEURAL NETWORK MODELS 3.1 Early Approaches
... just a half-space, but a conical region bounded by those hyperplanes where wr · x = ws · x. Aside from the convergence theorems, numerous other interesting and important statements can be derived with mathematical rigor for the perceptron ( Minsky and Papert 1969). This is possible because the indiv ...
... just a half-space, but a conical region bounded by those hyperplanes where wr · x = ws · x. Aside from the convergence theorems, numerous other interesting and important statements can be derived with mathematical rigor for the perceptron ( Minsky and Papert 1969). This is possible because the indiv ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.