Early Ontogeny of the Secondary Proliferative Population of the
... emphasized in modern studies of cerebral development (Boulder Committee, 1970; Schmechel and Rakic, 1979b; Levinson and Goldman, 1993), but relatively little is known about the proliferative behavior and patterns of cell output of the SPP (Morshead and van der Kooy, 1992). In particular, the fundame ...
... emphasized in modern studies of cerebral development (Boulder Committee, 1970; Schmechel and Rakic, 1979b; Levinson and Goldman, 1993), but relatively little is known about the proliferative behavior and patterns of cell output of the SPP (Morshead and van der Kooy, 1992). In particular, the fundame ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), with cholinergic and ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons comprising the two main projections from MSDB to HPC. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the effects of GABAergic MSDB lesions on urethane- and locomotion-related HPC, and c ...
... the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), with cholinergic and ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons comprising the two main projections from MSDB to HPC. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the effects of GABAergic MSDB lesions on urethane- and locomotion-related HPC, and c ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... Traditional research on the basic science of sensation asks what types of information the brain receives from the external world. To elucidate the classical view, as an example we will go through the visual system, the best known and the most relevant among sensory systems in Primates. The retinal r ...
... Traditional research on the basic science of sensation asks what types of information the brain receives from the external world. To elucidate the classical view, as an example we will go through the visual system, the best known and the most relevant among sensory systems in Primates. The retinal r ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... transmit brief, intense, ultrasound signals and process information contained in the returning echoes to determine the position, size and shape of reflecting objects [7,8]. The acoustic features of sonar signals used to ensonify the surroundings, including the call repetition rate, spectrotemporal p ...
... transmit brief, intense, ultrasound signals and process information contained in the returning echoes to determine the position, size and shape of reflecting objects [7,8]. The acoustic features of sonar signals used to ensonify the surroundings, including the call repetition rate, spectrotemporal p ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... analyzed and reconstructed as a combination of these basic taste qualities. The most active challenge to this idea has been offered by Erickson (2000) and Schiffman (2000) who assert that taste stimuli can be arranged along a ...
... analyzed and reconstructed as a combination of these basic taste qualities. The most active challenge to this idea has been offered by Erickson (2000) and Schiffman (2000) who assert that taste stimuli can be arranged along a ...
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
... causes a partial opening of NMDARs, resulting in a lowlevel Ca2⫹ influx required for LTD induction. However, such a simple model inevitably predicts the existence of a LTD window at positive (pre-post) intervals longer than those for LTP induction. This is because, as the amount of Ca2⫹ influx throu ...
... causes a partial opening of NMDARs, resulting in a lowlevel Ca2⫹ influx required for LTD induction. However, such a simple model inevitably predicts the existence of a LTD window at positive (pre-post) intervals longer than those for LTP induction. This is because, as the amount of Ca2⫹ influx throu ...
Here is a link
... portion of these currents that flows through the extracellular space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the field potentials in question, especially for their time course. ...
... portion of these currents that flows through the extracellular space is directly responsible for the generation of field potentials (Fig. 2.3). Particular significance must be ascribed to the synaptic processes as causing events for the field potentials in question, especially for their time course. ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... Most environmental stimuli, to which an animal must develop an appropriate response, comprise multiple features and subfeatures that are common to many other stimuli. Since these other stimuli could engender an alternative response by the animal, it is essential that an animal is able to recognize s ...
... Most environmental stimuli, to which an animal must develop an appropriate response, comprise multiple features and subfeatures that are common to many other stimuli. Since these other stimuli could engender an alternative response by the animal, it is essential that an animal is able to recognize s ...
A Feedback Model of Visual Attention
... The Reynolds and Desimone model, in common with others (e.g., Olshausen et al., 1993), uses top-down signals to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be ...
... The Reynolds and Desimone model, in common with others (e.g., Olshausen et al., 1993), uses top-down signals to multiplicatively modulate the synaptic strengths of inter-regional connections so that attended information can be selectively routed to higher cortical regions. Equivalent results can be ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... during adaptive processes such as learning and development, changes in transmembrane calcium fluxes correlate with changes in neuronal excitability and structural connectivity. Calcium thus is likely to have key roles in the cellular processes underlying aging-related changes in the brain, including ...
... during adaptive processes such as learning and development, changes in transmembrane calcium fluxes correlate with changes in neuronal excitability and structural connectivity. Calcium thus is likely to have key roles in the cellular processes underlying aging-related changes in the brain, including ...
16-2 The Sympathetic Division
... • Sympathetic Stimulation and the Release of NE and E • Effects occurs primarily from interactions of NE and E ...
... • Sympathetic Stimulation and the Release of NE and E • Effects occurs primarily from interactions of NE and E ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... a cascade of complex events must take place at the target, because not only the presynaptic axons but also the postsynaptic cells must be continuously growing and remodeling (for review, see Jacobson, 1991). Among these events, one of the most important is the interaction associated with synaptogene ...
... a cascade of complex events must take place at the target, because not only the presynaptic axons but also the postsynaptic cells must be continuously growing and remodeling (for review, see Jacobson, 1991). Among these events, one of the most important is the interaction associated with synaptogene ...
Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... In most in vitro studies of STDP, the induction protocol consists of relatively simple spike patterns with pre/post spikes paired at regular intervals. The advantage of this approach is that each induction pattern can be described by a small number of parameters, and the dependence of synaptic modif ...
... In most in vitro studies of STDP, the induction protocol consists of relatively simple spike patterns with pre/post spikes paired at regular intervals. The advantage of this approach is that each induction pattern can be described by a small number of parameters, and the dependence of synaptic modif ...
The Calcium Rationale in Aging and Alzheimer`s Disease
... during adaptive processes such as learning and development, changes in transmembrane calcium fluxes correlate with changes in neuronal excitability and structural connectivity. Calcium thus is likely to have key roles in the cellular processes underlying aging-related changes in the brain, including ...
... during adaptive processes such as learning and development, changes in transmembrane calcium fluxes correlate with changes in neuronal excitability and structural connectivity. Calcium thus is likely to have key roles in the cellular processes underlying aging-related changes in the brain, including ...
Experience-dependent corticofugal adjustment
... confirm the shift in BF, i.e., the shift in the frequency map observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whet ...
... confirm the shift in BF, i.e., the shift in the frequency map observed in the central nucleus of the IC by Yan and Suga (11), we delivered ASr in the same way as in that research. The BFs of single or multiple IC neurons were measured before and after 30-min delivery of ASr. (Step 2) To examine whet ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 ...
... Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 ...
How do dendrites take their shape?
... cyclase (SGC), the enzyme that produces cGMP, is asymmetrically localized to the apical dendrites, and seems to be necessary for dendritic attraction11. This provides a potential mechanism by which high cGMP concentrations in the dendrites and low concentrations in the axons could account for their ...
... cyclase (SGC), the enzyme that produces cGMP, is asymmetrically localized to the apical dendrites, and seems to be necessary for dendritic attraction11. This provides a potential mechanism by which high cGMP concentrations in the dendrites and low concentrations in the axons could account for their ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... fetal stage in humans. This review examines the evidence that this activity is not equivalent to resting-state modulations in adults, either in terms of generative mechanisms or function. This is important because understanding the development of resting state networks requires not just a demonstrat ...
... fetal stage in humans. This review examines the evidence that this activity is not equivalent to resting-state modulations in adults, either in terms of generative mechanisms or function. This is important because understanding the development of resting state networks requires not just a demonstrat ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... The wasp subsequently lays one egg on the victim and when the larva hatches, it feeds on the paralyzed host. For example, wasps of the family of Pompilidae are the spider’s worst enemies. These wasps paralyzes a spider with multiple variable stings, then drag their victim to a prepared burrow and de ...
... The wasp subsequently lays one egg on the victim and when the larva hatches, it feeds on the paralyzed host. For example, wasps of the family of Pompilidae are the spider’s worst enemies. These wasps paralyzes a spider with multiple variable stings, then drag their victim to a prepared burrow and de ...
Differential Activity-Dependent Development of Corticospinal
... movement control. Effective posture, interjoint coordination during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and humans, develop these motor skills later in development. This ra ...
... movement control. Effective posture, interjoint coordination during movement, and visual guidance of movement are expressed within moments after birth in many animals (Muir 2000). By contrast, many species, including cats, monkeys, and humans, develop these motor skills later in development. This ra ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in primate V1 João C. B. Azzi, Ricardo Gattass, Bruss Lima, Juliana G. M. Soares, and Mario Fiorani Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Submitted 6 June 2014; accept ...
... Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in primate V1 João C. B. Azzi, Ricardo Gattass, Bruss Lima, Juliana G. M. Soares, and Mario Fiorani Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Submitted 6 June 2014; accept ...
The Emerging Roles of Oxytocin in Rhythmic Prolactin Release
... 1. The prolactin rhythm is likely due to interactions between dopamine neurons and lactotrophs. 2. The prolactin rhythm can be induced by mating, or in OVX animals, by cervical stimulation, central or peripheral prolactin injection, or peripheral oxytocin injection. 3. Oxytocin at the lactotroph is ...
... 1. The prolactin rhythm is likely due to interactions between dopamine neurons and lactotrophs. 2. The prolactin rhythm can be induced by mating, or in OVX animals, by cervical stimulation, central or peripheral prolactin injection, or peripheral oxytocin injection. 3. Oxytocin at the lactotroph is ...
Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an
... 9 and 46 and none in areas 4 and 6. We defined the shell as the ventral striatal region that was calbindin (C aBP) negative and the rest of the ventromedial striatum as the “core” (Meredith et al., 1996). (3) Association areas comprised injection sites that labeled primarily areas 9 and 46. Each cas ...
... 9 and 46 and none in areas 4 and 6. We defined the shell as the ventral striatal region that was calbindin (C aBP) negative and the rest of the ventromedial striatum as the “core” (Meredith et al., 1996). (3) Association areas comprised injection sites that labeled primarily areas 9 and 46. Each cas ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... parapineal organ that, together with the flanking habenular nuclei, form a region of the forebrain called the dorsal diencephalon. Although they are derived from the same anlage, the pineal and parapineal organs comprise distinct neuronal types and perform different functions. The zebrafish pineal o ...
... parapineal organ that, together with the flanking habenular nuclei, form a region of the forebrain called the dorsal diencephalon. Although they are derived from the same anlage, the pineal and parapineal organs comprise distinct neuronal types and perform different functions. The zebrafish pineal o ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.