Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának
... (SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION) OF THE ORGANS VIA VISCEROMOTOR EFFERENTS THE VISCEROMOTOR INNERVATION IS INDIRECT AND CONSISTS OF TWO UNITS: 1. PREGANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS RESIDING IN THE CNS 2. GANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS DISTRIBUTED AT THE PERIPHERY. THEY TRANSMIT CENTRAL INFORMATION TO TARGET ...
... (SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION) OF THE ORGANS VIA VISCEROMOTOR EFFERENTS THE VISCEROMOTOR INNERVATION IS INDIRECT AND CONSISTS OF TWO UNITS: 1. PREGANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS RESIDING IN THE CNS 2. GANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS DISTRIBUTED AT THE PERIPHERY. THEY TRANSMIT CENTRAL INFORMATION TO TARGET ...
Schwann cells
... • Electrical event involving one location of axonal membrane • Can be triggered by sufficiently large graded potential • Is propagated along axon surface toward synaptic terminals ...
... • Electrical event involving one location of axonal membrane • Can be triggered by sufficiently large graded potential • Is propagated along axon surface toward synaptic terminals ...
Trigeminal Ganglion Cell Processes Are
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
... of the whiskers is transferred to afferent arbors and their target cells along the entire trigeminal neuraxis leading to the neocortex. In this study, we present evidence of an orderly patterning in the early outgrowth of trigeminal ganglion cell processes; this intrinsic spatial organization may pr ...
Review - Wesleyan University
... recognized for nearly a century (14), not until the past two decades have CNS myelin and the glial scar become appreciated as primary blockades to CNS regeneration after injury (15–17). Much has been done to identify the specific elements of CNS myelin and the glial scar that inhibit axonal growth, ...
... recognized for nearly a century (14), not until the past two decades have CNS myelin and the glial scar become appreciated as primary blockades to CNS regeneration after injury (15–17). Much has been done to identify the specific elements of CNS myelin and the glial scar that inhibit axonal growth, ...
PDF
... responded differentially to the CS depending on whether it predicted a positive or negative outcome (Paton et al., 2006; Belova et al., 2007, 2008; Morrison et al., 2011) suggestive of a valence-specific coding scheme where neurons respond to stimuli on a ‘good-to-bad’ scale. Further, different popu ...
... responded differentially to the CS depending on whether it predicted a positive or negative outcome (Paton et al., 2006; Belova et al., 2007, 2008; Morrison et al., 2011) suggestive of a valence-specific coding scheme where neurons respond to stimuli on a ‘good-to-bad’ scale. Further, different popu ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... and aggressiveness (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.19–2.77) at eight years of age [24]. These findings [23,24] indicated that unfavorable sleep and/or circadian habits during the early stages of life may lead to conduct problems or aggressiveness during the first years of elementary school. The recent increase ...
... and aggressiveness (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.19–2.77) at eight years of age [24]. These findings [23,24] indicated that unfavorable sleep and/or circadian habits during the early stages of life may lead to conduct problems or aggressiveness during the first years of elementary school. The recent increase ...
Edvard I. Moser - Nobel Lecture: Grid Cells and the
... 1990s was therefore that the place signal was computed, or at least sharpened, between the entorhinal cortex and CA1, within the intrinsic circuit of the hippocampus, at the level of dentate gyrus and CA3. To determine if place fields were formed in the intrahippocampal circuit, we worked together w ...
... 1990s was therefore that the place signal was computed, or at least sharpened, between the entorhinal cortex and CA1, within the intrinsic circuit of the hippocampus, at the level of dentate gyrus and CA3. To determine if place fields were formed in the intrahippocampal circuit, we worked together w ...
Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using
... with movable objectives, remote focusing [11], or a liquid lens [6]. However, if the frame rate for single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below ...
... with movable objectives, remote focusing [11], or a liquid lens [6]. However, if the frame rate for single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below ...
Projections from the spinal trigeminal nucleus to the cochlear
... 1987), whereas the projection in the rat was “almost completely confined” to the DCN, to the superficial granular layer of the ventral cochlear nucleus, and to the subpeduncular corner of granule cells (Weinberg and Rustioni, 1987). In contrast, more recent reports in rat and hedgehog report somatosen ...
... 1987), whereas the projection in the rat was “almost completely confined” to the DCN, to the superficial granular layer of the ventral cochlear nucleus, and to the subpeduncular corner of granule cells (Weinberg and Rustioni, 1987). In contrast, more recent reports in rat and hedgehog report somatosen ...
Unsupervised Learning of Cell Activities in the Associative Cortex of Behaving Monkeys, Using HMM
... from the single cell to the complete network activity. So far, there has been no general method for relating extracellular electrophysiological measured activity of neurons in the associative cortex to the underlying network or the cell-assembly states. It is proposed here to model such data as a pa ...
... from the single cell to the complete network activity. So far, there has been no general method for relating extracellular electrophysiological measured activity of neurons in the associative cortex to the underlying network or the cell-assembly states. It is proposed here to model such data as a pa ...
Phosholipase C-Related Inactive Protein Is Involved in Trafficking of
... DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum. To examine an influence of exogenous expression of PRIP-1 and GABARAP on the surface expression of ␥2-containig receptors, we transfected ␣1 Myc, 2 Myc, and ␥2 Myc subunits with genes for PRIP-1 and/or GABARAP in African green monkey kidney cells (COS-7) cells. Aft ...
... DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum. To examine an influence of exogenous expression of PRIP-1 and GABARAP on the surface expression of ␥2-containig receptors, we transfected ␣1 Myc, 2 Myc, and ␥2 Myc subunits with genes for PRIP-1 and/or GABARAP in African green monkey kidney cells (COS-7) cells. Aft ...
interactions between number and space in parietal cortex
... Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; do they occur during stimulus comprehension, response selection or response execution? A recent study using a dual-task paradigm showed that the presentation of a stimulus digit is not necessary ...
... Another related question concerns the stage of processing at which spatial–numerical interactions arise; do they occur during stimulus comprehension, response selection or response execution? A recent study using a dual-task paradigm showed that the presentation of a stimulus digit is not necessary ...
Review Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
... cortex, which appears to be a crucial mechanism of drug addiction. In view of these well-established results, several studies investigated neuronal mechanisms of reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, w ...
... cortex, which appears to be a crucial mechanism of drug addiction. In view of these well-established results, several studies investigated neuronal mechanisms of reward by studying the impulse activity of single neurons in the dopamine system and other presumptive reward structures. In particular, w ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
... sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of the bodily senses, Charles Sherrington, noted that the somatosensory system serves three major functions: proprioception, extero ...
... sensory coding was first studied electrophysiologically. Somatic information is provided by receptors distributed throughout the body. One of the earliest investigators of the bodily senses, Charles Sherrington, noted that the somatosensory system serves three major functions: proprioception, extero ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... Activation vs. inhibition of sleep or wake-active cells could also be modulated by changes in the availability of cell surface receptors across behavioral states. We show that following sleep deprivation, the presence and the intensity of GABAARs on the BF cholinergie cell membrane were increased. S ...
... Activation vs. inhibition of sleep or wake-active cells could also be modulated by changes in the availability of cell surface receptors across behavioral states. We show that following sleep deprivation, the presence and the intensity of GABAARs on the BF cholinergie cell membrane were increased. S ...
E45021924
... labour, and the second is a delayed contact between mother and baby after birth. Both labour and the immediate postpartal skin- to -skin contact are associated with an intense release of oxytocin. A relative lack of oxytocin in the CS mothers might be responsible for the different oxytocin patterns ...
... labour, and the second is a delayed contact between mother and baby after birth. Both labour and the immediate postpartal skin- to -skin contact are associated with an intense release of oxytocin. A relative lack of oxytocin in the CS mothers might be responsible for the different oxytocin patterns ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
... (VTA) and projects to forebrain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala (AMG) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). These forebrain regions will be referred to as the DA terminal regions. The neural mechanisms underlying this type of rewardrelated learning in this system are not fully understo ...
autonomic nervous system
... cells (from the Greek word for “glue”), another special type of cell found in the nervous system. • Glial cells have several functions: removing waste, occupying vacant space when neurons die, guiding the migration of neurons during brain development, and insulation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Educati ...
... cells (from the Greek word for “glue”), another special type of cell found in the nervous system. • Glial cells have several functions: removing waste, occupying vacant space when neurons die, guiding the migration of neurons during brain development, and insulation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Educati ...
3D Visual Response Properties of MSTd Emerge from an Efficient
... dimensionality reduction methods that can be used to linearly decompose a multivariate data matrix, V, into an inner product of two reduced-rank matrices, W and H, such that V ⬇ WH. The first of these reduced-rank matrices, W, contains as its columns a total of B non-negative basis vectors of the de ...
... dimensionality reduction methods that can be used to linearly decompose a multivariate data matrix, V, into an inner product of two reduced-rank matrices, W and H, such that V ⬇ WH. The first of these reduced-rank matrices, W, contains as its columns a total of B non-negative basis vectors of the de ...
Challenges and Potential Solutions in EM Segmentation
... (state-of-art reconstruction but only small fraction of fly brain) very small training datasets does not contain relevant biology Typical evaluation dataset size (1/30th size) ...
... (state-of-art reconstruction but only small fraction of fly brain) very small training datasets does not contain relevant biology Typical evaluation dataset size (1/30th size) ...
review glutamate and gaba receptor signalling in - lópez
... in recent years. The major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, glutamate and GABA, activate both ionotropic (ligand-gated ion channels) and metabotropic (G protein-coupled) receptors, and are generally associated with neuronal communication in the mature brain. However, before ...
... in recent years. The major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain, glutamate and GABA, activate both ionotropic (ligand-gated ion channels) and metabotropic (G protein-coupled) receptors, and are generally associated with neuronal communication in the mature brain. However, before ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
Early Ontogeny of the Secondary Proliferative Population of the
... emphasized in modern studies of cerebral development (Boulder Committee, 1970; Schmechel and Rakic, 1979b; Levinson and Goldman, 1993), but relatively little is known about the proliferative behavior and patterns of cell output of the SPP (Morshead and van der Kooy, 1992). In particular, the fundame ...
... emphasized in modern studies of cerebral development (Boulder Committee, 1970; Schmechel and Rakic, 1979b; Levinson and Goldman, 1993), but relatively little is known about the proliferative behavior and patterns of cell output of the SPP (Morshead and van der Kooy, 1992). In particular, the fundame ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.