A multi-level account of selective attention
... between the competing models. While studies on dichotic listening remained prominent (e.g. Corteen and Wook 1972), many researchers turned to investigating early and late selection in the visual domain. The prototypical approach was to infer the locus of selection based on behavioural measures such ...
... between the competing models. While studies on dichotic listening remained prominent (e.g. Corteen and Wook 1972), many researchers turned to investigating early and late selection in the visual domain. The prototypical approach was to infer the locus of selection based on behavioural measures such ...
NIH Public Access - Medicinal Genomics
... unprovoked seizures that are the manifestation of abnormal electrical activity in the central nervous system (CNS), and they represent one of the most common neurological diseases, with a lifetime incidence of up to 3% in the general population (Hauser et al., 1993). Although many epilepsies are sec ...
... unprovoked seizures that are the manifestation of abnormal electrical activity in the central nervous system (CNS), and they represent one of the most common neurological diseases, with a lifetime incidence of up to 3% in the general population (Hauser et al., 1993). Although many epilepsies are sec ...
Pre- or postsynaptic distribution of distinct endocannabinoid
... and 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the molecular targets of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; Gaoni & Mechoulam, 1964), the main active compound of marijuana (Cannabis sativa). They are generated from neuronal cell membrane component polyunsaturated fatty acids with long carbon chains through se ...
... and 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), the molecular targets of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; Gaoni & Mechoulam, 1964), the main active compound of marijuana (Cannabis sativa). They are generated from neuronal cell membrane component polyunsaturated fatty acids with long carbon chains through se ...
Table of Contents
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
... An area just forward of the primary motor cortex is where “mirror neurons” were first discovered accidentally in the mid-1990s. – May play a role in the acquisition of new motor skills, • the imitation of others, • the ability to feel empathy for others, • and dysfunctions in mirror neuron circuits ...
Statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions: Constraints on 40
... The ADP model is based on neural network simulations. The model is based on the memory storage possible within single neurons, using changes in phases of cell firings to store information across the network. Both assumptions must of course be considered as tentative, awaiting more conclusive experim ...
... The ADP model is based on neural network simulations. The model is based on the memory storage possible within single neurons, using changes in phases of cell firings to store information across the network. Both assumptions must of course be considered as tentative, awaiting more conclusive experim ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... results provide evidence for multiplicative attention effects consistent with response gain (for example, attention improved the discrimination of contrast, orientation and spatial frequency more for a higher-contrast than for a lower-contrast stimulus)8,9 or evidence for the involvement of both con ...
... results provide evidence for multiplicative attention effects consistent with response gain (for example, attention improved the discrimination of contrast, orientation and spatial frequency more for a higher-contrast than for a lower-contrast stimulus)8,9 or evidence for the involvement of both con ...
Lecture 26-BasalGanglia
... • Putamen circuit is inhibitory. Executes skilled motor activities for example cutting paper with a scissor, hammering on nail, shooting a basket ball & like throwing a base ball. • Putamen circuit has indirect connection to cortex via thalamus.while caudate has direct conection to the cortex from t ...
... • Putamen circuit is inhibitory. Executes skilled motor activities for example cutting paper with a scissor, hammering on nail, shooting a basket ball & like throwing a base ball. • Putamen circuit has indirect connection to cortex via thalamus.while caudate has direct conection to the cortex from t ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... The notion of the generalized drive D, in particular, has been extremely controversial and has largely fallen out of use. Prominent figures in psychology such as Bolles argued that specific drive alone may be sufficient to explain motivated behaviors, as 'by the time we have discovered what the asso ...
... The notion of the generalized drive D, in particular, has been extremely controversial and has largely fallen out of use. Prominent figures in psychology such as Bolles argued that specific drive alone may be sufficient to explain motivated behaviors, as 'by the time we have discovered what the asso ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... stomach and duodenum followed by a progressive reduction in the small intestine and colon.17 The fact that gastric myenteric neurons are activated by vagal input was also demonstrated immunohistochemically with the detection of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) ...
... stomach and duodenum followed by a progressive reduction in the small intestine and colon.17 The fact that gastric myenteric neurons are activated by vagal input was also demonstrated immunohistochemically with the detection of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) ...
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... • how the nervous system receives information from the environment • how the nervous system can store this information • how neural interactions can generate behaviour • the methodologies used to explore ...
... • how the nervous system receives information from the environment • how the nervous system can store this information • how neural interactions can generate behaviour • the methodologies used to explore ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... less steel injection cannula (300 mm ID) through which a Tefloncoated tungsten wire (50-mm base diameter, 75-mm coated diameter) for recording neuronal activity had been threaded with its cut tip protruding 0.7–0.8 mm from the tip of the cannula. The proximal end of the cannula was connected to a mi ...
... less steel injection cannula (300 mm ID) through which a Tefloncoated tungsten wire (50-mm base diameter, 75-mm coated diameter) for recording neuronal activity had been threaded with its cut tip protruding 0.7–0.8 mm from the tip of the cannula. The proximal end of the cannula was connected to a mi ...
Evidence for parasympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue
... Using microsurgery, transneuronal retrograde tracing, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, we demonstrated that parasympathetic innervation of fat tissue has an anabolic effect and stimulated fat growth. In a follow-up paper on body fat distribution, we substantiated the evidence that the brain c ...
... Using microsurgery, transneuronal retrograde tracing, and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps, we demonstrated that parasympathetic innervation of fat tissue has an anabolic effect and stimulated fat growth. In a follow-up paper on body fat distribution, we substantiated the evidence that the brain c ...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission
... Although changes in pain behavior have been demonstrated by manipulation of several brain areas, the main pain control centers are located in the brainstem. The mesencephalic periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are known for long to be implicated in endogenous pain c ...
... Although changes in pain behavior have been demonstrated by manipulation of several brain areas, the main pain control centers are located in the brainstem. The mesencephalic periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are known for long to be implicated in endogenous pain c ...
Brain Storm - School of Rehabilitation Therapy
... gained experience lecturing at both the graduate and undergraduate level. Devin is currently in the final year of this Ph.D. in the department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, where he conducts stroke research. ...
... gained experience lecturing at both the graduate and undergraduate level. Devin is currently in the final year of this Ph.D. in the department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, where he conducts stroke research. ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... called: Biomarker identification for SMA (BforSMA) has yielded significant results for future clinical studies (Finkel et al., 2012). ALS biomarker identification would also accelerate future clinical trials. SMA has had much more success in diagnosis and prognosis than ALS due to its monogenic natu ...
... called: Biomarker identification for SMA (BforSMA) has yielded significant results for future clinical studies (Finkel et al., 2012). ALS biomarker identification would also accelerate future clinical trials. SMA has had much more success in diagnosis and prognosis than ALS due to its monogenic natu ...
Evidence for time division multiplexing of multiple simultaneous
... reaching an apex (or nadir) at 90 degrees contralateral (or ipsilateral) along the axis of the ears, ...
... reaching an apex (or nadir) at 90 degrees contralateral (or ipsilateral) along the axis of the ears, ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
Pathways for emotions and memory prefrontal cortices in the rhesus monkey
... The anterior thalamic nuclei occupy a central position in pathways associated with emotions and memory [AMA Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 38 (1937) 725]. The goal of this study was to determine the anatomic interaction of the anterior nuclei with distinct prefrontal cortices that have been implicated in ...
... The anterior thalamic nuclei occupy a central position in pathways associated with emotions and memory [AMA Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry 38 (1937) 725]. The goal of this study was to determine the anatomic interaction of the anterior nuclei with distinct prefrontal cortices that have been implicated in ...
PDF
... he ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the monkey brain receives convergent input from visual, somatosensory, and motor areas (1, 2). Neurons in VIP respond to visual and somatosensory stimuli, with a relative emphasis on stimuli that are near, approaching, or touching the head (3–5). Many neurons a ...
... he ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the monkey brain receives convergent input from visual, somatosensory, and motor areas (1, 2). Neurons in VIP respond to visual and somatosensory stimuli, with a relative emphasis on stimuli that are near, approaching, or touching the head (3–5). Many neurons a ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
Module 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory
... experimental group receives a different treatment than the control group, researchers are able to measure how the independent variable (treatment) affects those behaviors that have been selected as the dependent variables ...
... experimental group receives a different treatment than the control group, researchers are able to measure how the independent variable (treatment) affects those behaviors that have been selected as the dependent variables ...
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward
... by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992). Rolls and colleagues have analyzed the rules by which orbitofrontal olfactory representations are formed and operate in pri ...
... by odors. A ventral frontal region has been implicated in olfactory processing in humans (Jones-Gotman and Zatorre, 1988; Zatorre and Jones-Gotman, 1991; Zatorre et al., 1992). Rolls and colleagues have analyzed the rules by which orbitofrontal olfactory representations are formed and operate in pri ...
Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... these contentions have been observed in monolayer and organotypic culture preparations (2 , 19, 23). A group of astrocytes acting as a single cell or syncytium may, through the generation of a pervasive calcium wave, control and synchronize the firing patterns of synapses of a great many neurons. Th ...
... these contentions have been observed in monolayer and organotypic culture preparations (2 , 19, 23). A group of astrocytes acting as a single cell or syncytium may, through the generation of a pervasive calcium wave, control and synchronize the firing patterns of synapses of a great many neurons. Th ...
Molekuláris bionika és Infobionika Szakok tananyagának
... (SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION) OF THE ORGANS VIA VISCEROMOTOR EFFERENTS THE VISCEROMOTOR INNERVATION IS INDIRECT AND CONSISTS OF TWO UNITS: 1. PREGANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS RESIDING IN THE CNS 2. GANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS DISTRIBUTED AT THE PERIPHERY. THEY TRANSMIT CENTRAL INFORMATION TO TARGET ...
... (SMOOTH OR CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION) OF THE ORGANS VIA VISCEROMOTOR EFFERENTS THE VISCEROMOTOR INNERVATION IS INDIRECT AND CONSISTS OF TWO UNITS: 1. PREGANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS RESIDING IN THE CNS 2. GANGLIONIC MOTOR NEURONS DISTRIBUTED AT THE PERIPHERY. THEY TRANSMIT CENTRAL INFORMATION TO TARGET ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
... by specific signals as the main mechanism by which neuronal connections are first established between brain areas (Huber et al., 2003; Mueller, 1999), while activitydependent plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism for the final refinement and maturation of connections (Katz and Shatz, 1996). A ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.