Amphetamine-induced release of dopamine from the substantia
... dissected bilaterally by knife cuts made just caudal to the mammillary bodies, just rostral to the pons, lateral to the interpeduncular nucleus, and along a line extending through the medial lemniscus to the lateral edge of the brain stem ventral to the medial geniculate. Included in the sample were ...
... dissected bilaterally by knife cuts made just caudal to the mammillary bodies, just rostral to the pons, lateral to the interpeduncular nucleus, and along a line extending through the medial lemniscus to the lateral edge of the brain stem ventral to the medial geniculate. Included in the sample were ...
Genetically identified spinal interneurons integrating tactile afferents
... to the final tactile perception. The involvement of tactile information in shaping motor control through spinal circuitry is much more established than its role in tactile perception [briefly reviewed in Panek et al. (2014)]. In humans, motor reflexes can be evoked by electrical stimulation of cutan ...
... to the final tactile perception. The involvement of tactile information in shaping motor control through spinal circuitry is much more established than its role in tactile perception [briefly reviewed in Panek et al. (2014)]. In humans, motor reflexes can be evoked by electrical stimulation of cutan ...
Neural correlates of odor learning in the honeybee antennal lobe
... recordings, and a threshold level was chosen that may have included the spikes of more than one form. Judging by eye we consider that only in very rare cases three forms of spikes might have been pooled together. We shall refer to ‘unit’ for those spikes pooled together throughout the text, recogniz ...
... recordings, and a threshold level was chosen that may have included the spikes of more than one form. Judging by eye we consider that only in very rare cases three forms of spikes might have been pooled together. We shall refer to ‘unit’ for those spikes pooled together throughout the text, recogniz ...
Motor areas of the frontal lobe by Jarrod Blinch
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
... this information to infer how the brain is organised. This is high-level research into human movement; low-level research, for example, would be a neurophysiologist who studies the cellular behaviour of the nervous system. Topics investigated in my field include human information processing, attenti ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... The nIV contains only the motoneurons of the contralateral SO (Porter et al., 1983). In primates, a separate midline nucleus at the transition of nIII and nIV, the central caudal nucleus (CCN), contains the motoneurons of the levator palpebrae muscle (LP), which elevates the upper eyelid (Porter et ...
... The nIV contains only the motoneurons of the contralateral SO (Porter et al., 1983). In primates, a separate midline nucleus at the transition of nIII and nIV, the central caudal nucleus (CCN), contains the motoneurons of the levator palpebrae muscle (LP), which elevates the upper eyelid (Porter et ...
Aalborg Universitet Assessment of sensory convergence in the spinal cord
... Pain has been defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms as such” (Merskey and Bogduk, 1994). It has also been emphasized that pain is a personal experience that depends on genetic differences, past experience, anxiety, ex ...
... Pain has been defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms as such” (Merskey and Bogduk, 1994). It has also been emphasized that pain is a personal experience that depends on genetic differences, past experience, anxiety, ex ...
Thalamocortical inputs trigger a propagating envelope of gamma
... white matter. The response at each recording site was the average of five trials. The CSD profile was obtained using standard one-dimensional techniques (Mitzdorf and Singer 1978; Agmon and Connors 1991). In brief, for a given recording site, the CSD was calculated by subtracting 2 times the voltage ...
... white matter. The response at each recording site was the average of five trials. The CSD profile was obtained using standard one-dimensional techniques (Mitzdorf and Singer 1978; Agmon and Connors 1991). In brief, for a given recording site, the CSD was calculated by subtracting 2 times the voltage ...
Somatosensory System Organization and Texture Sensation in Rats
... Topographic Map of the Whiskers and Columnar Organization To visualize the organization of the mouse somatosensory cortex, Woolsey and van der Loos45 separated the cerebral cortex from the underlying structures. Then, they flattened the curved cortex between two slides and sectioned the slab in a ta ...
... Topographic Map of the Whiskers and Columnar Organization To visualize the organization of the mouse somatosensory cortex, Woolsey and van der Loos45 separated the cerebral cortex from the underlying structures. Then, they flattened the curved cortex between two slides and sectioned the slab in a ta ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axon ...
... posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axon ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... development that is fixed and cannot be delayed. Periods of intense neuron proliferation have been shown in most brain regions in humans. The timing of such growth spurts can occur over a short period of time, frequently over a period of only a few hours. The migration of neurons to their correct de ...
... development that is fixed and cannot be delayed. Periods of intense neuron proliferation have been shown in most brain regions in humans. The timing of such growth spurts can occur over a short period of time, frequently over a period of only a few hours. The migration of neurons to their correct de ...
Basics of electromagnetic field mapping
... the scalp field generated by the red and by the blue dipole seen in the left section. The left section also shows the scalp field obtained by both dipoles together. The resulting scalp field shown on the left is the sum of the two scalp fields shown in the right part of the figure. ...
... the scalp field generated by the red and by the blue dipole seen in the left section. The left section also shows the scalp field obtained by both dipoles together. The resulting scalp field shown on the left is the sum of the two scalp fields shown in the right part of the figure. ...
(jns-object). - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... activity correlated with natural movements might be constrained by geometry. The basic theory, although essentially linear, can account for several key features of diverse neurophysiological results and generates strong predictions that are testable with current experimental techniques. An emerging ...
... activity correlated with natural movements might be constrained by geometry. The basic theory, although essentially linear, can account for several key features of diverse neurophysiological results and generates strong predictions that are testable with current experimental techniques. An emerging ...
PDF file
... TCM states are rich in meanings: All brain skills are eventually expressed as the states of effectors — muscles and glands. Psychologists argued that brain skills can be divided into two categories, explicit (or declarative) and implicit (or manipulatory) [80], [88]. Explicit skills can be expressed ...
... TCM states are rich in meanings: All brain skills are eventually expressed as the states of effectors — muscles and glands. Psychologists argued that brain skills can be divided into two categories, explicit (or declarative) and implicit (or manipulatory) [80], [88]. Explicit skills can be expressed ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... are taken back into the synaptic vesicles • Enzyme: complex protein that is manufactured by cells – one enzyme specifically breaks up acetylcholine because muscle activity needs to happen rapidly; reuptake would be too slow Enzymatic degradation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qS83wD 29PY Psychol ...
... are taken back into the synaptic vesicles • Enzyme: complex protein that is manufactured by cells – one enzyme specifically breaks up acetylcholine because muscle activity needs to happen rapidly; reuptake would be too slow Enzymatic degradation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qS83wD 29PY Psychol ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... However, sensory information processing mostly occurs during behavioral arousal, when activity in thalamus and neocortex consists of an electrographic sign of low amplitude fast activity, known as activation, which is caused by several neuromodulator systems that project to the thalamocortical netwo ...
... However, sensory information processing mostly occurs during behavioral arousal, when activity in thalamus and neocortex consists of an electrographic sign of low amplitude fast activity, known as activation, which is caused by several neuromodulator systems that project to the thalamocortical netwo ...
central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots
... in axons of ventral roots. Recordings made with micro-electrodes have now revealed relatively prolonged bursts of action potentials, which are believed to originate in interneurons of the ventral horn. Although has not been exthis activity haustively investigated, information concerning it is presen ...
... in axons of ventral roots. Recordings made with micro-electrodes have now revealed relatively prolonged bursts of action potentials, which are believed to originate in interneurons of the ventral horn. Although has not been exthis activity haustively investigated, information concerning it is presen ...
Differential Characteristics of Face Neuron Responses Within the
... based on an identification (I-DMS) task. This task was a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task; a sample (480 ms) was presented after each monkey fixated on a small point (FP; 0.2° diam) that appeared at the center of the display. Test (match or nonmatch; 480 ms) stimuli were prese ...
... based on an identification (I-DMS) task. This task was a version of a sequential delayed matching-to-sample task; a sample (480 ms) was presented after each monkey fixated on a small point (FP; 0.2° diam) that appeared at the center of the display. Test (match or nonmatch; 480 ms) stimuli were prese ...
- Wiley Online Library
... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
... In recent years, axonal degeneration has been proposed to be a leading or contributing cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (Trapp et al. 1998; Cifue ...
Read Neuroglia
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
... covers symptoms diagnosis and treatment of this painful nerve condition, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells the population, read neurogli ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regressors for face task trials, word task trials, task instructions, an ...
... task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regressors for face task trials, word task trials, task instructions, an ...
full program with abstracts
... our understanding of the regulation of synaptic transmission remains incomplete. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 420 candidate synaptic regulators that may play an essential role in development or function of the NMJ. Using RNAi we specifically knocked down each gene in the fruit fly ...
... our understanding of the regulation of synaptic transmission remains incomplete. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 420 candidate synaptic regulators that may play an essential role in development or function of the NMJ. Using RNAi we specifically knocked down each gene in the fruit fly ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... Several studies in early visual areas suggest that free viewing appreciably alters neuronal responses14–17. However, in all these studies, the source of this response alteration was confounded among several variables, including changes in the retinal image. Here we asked how neuronal responses chang ...
... Several studies in early visual areas suggest that free viewing appreciably alters neuronal responses14–17. However, in all these studies, the source of this response alteration was confounded among several variables, including changes in the retinal image. Here we asked how neuronal responses chang ...
Neuroanatomy Final Review Notes by Russ Beach
... H. Bilateral Central scotoma: blow to back of head I. Visual agnosias: inability to recognize an object due to lesions in visual association areas ...
... H. Bilateral Central scotoma: blow to back of head I. Visual agnosias: inability to recognize an object due to lesions in visual association areas ...
Long, intrinsic horizontal axons radiating through and beyond rat
... represents an extrapolation of the farthest electrode used in the recordings of Frostig et al. (2008), at which an evoked field potential response could be detected in 100 % of animals. Black outlines show locations of whisker barrels and cytoarchitectonic areas that were detected by cytochrome oxid ...
... represents an extrapolation of the farthest electrode used in the recordings of Frostig et al. (2008), at which an evoked field potential response could be detected in 100 % of animals. Black outlines show locations of whisker barrels and cytoarchitectonic areas that were detected by cytochrome oxid ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.