link to pdf of article - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... linguistic behavior can emerge from specific neural structures (Nadeau, 2001). GODIVA makes use of informationprocessing constructs similar to those proposed elsewhere but embeds these in a biologically realistic architecture with specific hypotheses about cortical and subcortical substrates. These ...
... linguistic behavior can emerge from specific neural structures (Nadeau, 2001). GODIVA makes use of informationprocessing constructs similar to those proposed elsewhere but embeds these in a biologically realistic architecture with specific hypotheses about cortical and subcortical substrates. These ...
Synapses formed by normal and abnormal hippocampal mossy fibers
... with large spines or excrescences of both hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interneurons of the hilar region and area CA3 are also prominent targets of mossy fibers. The tracing of biocytin-filled mossy fibers and immunolabeling of target cells with interneuron markers has revealed that t ...
... with large spines or excrescences of both hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interneurons of the hilar region and area CA3 are also prominent targets of mossy fibers. The tracing of biocytin-filled mossy fibers and immunolabeling of target cells with interneuron markers has revealed that t ...
Amygdala Modulation of Cerebellar Learning
... lowered to increase the quality of recording as necessary but no more than 40 m on any single day. Rats were partially restrained by hand while tetrodes were lowered, followed by a 10 –20 min waiting period before the start of a training session. During eyeblink conditioning sessions, neuronal reco ...
... lowered to increase the quality of recording as necessary but no more than 40 m on any single day. Rats were partially restrained by hand while tetrodes were lowered, followed by a 10 –20 min waiting period before the start of a training session. During eyeblink conditioning sessions, neuronal reco ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... Site T704 in Acute Desensitization of the Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 J. BENEDIKT, K. TOUŠOVÁ, K. SUŠÁNKOVÁ, A. SAMAD, L. VYKLICKÝ, J. TEISINGER, V. VLACHOVÁ, Prague 2. PKA dependent effect of pregnenolone sulfate on NMDA receptors expressed in hippocampal neurons M. PETROVIC, H. CHODOUNSKÁ, M. SEDLÁČE ...
... Site T704 in Acute Desensitization of the Vanilloid Receptor TRPV1 J. BENEDIKT, K. TOUŠOVÁ, K. SUŠÁNKOVÁ, A. SAMAD, L. VYKLICKÝ, J. TEISINGER, V. VLACHOVÁ, Prague 2. PKA dependent effect of pregnenolone sulfate on NMDA receptors expressed in hippocampal neurons M. PETROVIC, H. CHODOUNSKÁ, M. SEDLÁČE ...
- University of Alberta
... the hedonic feeding pathway, which is feeding based on reward as opposed to physiological need. Hedonic feeding is controlled by dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and other regions of the brain, forming a reward circuit. Magel2 is one of the genes inactivated in PWS, and mice ...
... the hedonic feeding pathway, which is feeding based on reward as opposed to physiological need. Hedonic feeding is controlled by dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and other regions of the brain, forming a reward circuit. Magel2 is one of the genes inactivated in PWS, and mice ...
Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis
... 5-HT neurons and represents a major source of 5-HT projections in the central nervous system, including the spinal cord (Dahlstroem and Fuxe, 1964; Descarries et al., 1982). Virtually all corticolimbic structures that are involved in mood regulation and the stress response, and which express recepto ...
... 5-HT neurons and represents a major source of 5-HT projections in the central nervous system, including the spinal cord (Dahlstroem and Fuxe, 1964; Descarries et al., 1982). Virtually all corticolimbic structures that are involved in mood regulation and the stress response, and which express recepto ...
Levels of kinesin light chain and dynein intermediate
... The mechanisms by which axoplasmic transports are disturbed in AD might thus have several origins, including microtubule dysfunction, altered binding of molecular motors by competition, physical or biochemical disturbances induced by aggregated tau and modification of signalling pathways controlling ...
... The mechanisms by which axoplasmic transports are disturbed in AD might thus have several origins, including microtubule dysfunction, altered binding of molecular motors by competition, physical or biochemical disturbances induced by aggregated tau and modification of signalling pathways controlling ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... within the spinal cord (Neumann and Woolf, 1999), but has little effect on the regeneration of sensory fibers through the DREZ following dorsal root injury (Chong et al., 1999). We have recently shown that the reactive gliosis that occurs at the DREZ following dorsal root injury in mice (rhizotomy) ...
... within the spinal cord (Neumann and Woolf, 1999), but has little effect on the regeneration of sensory fibers through the DREZ following dorsal root injury (Chong et al., 1999). We have recently shown that the reactive gliosis that occurs at the DREZ following dorsal root injury in mice (rhizotomy) ...
Esoteric Role of the Pineal Gland
... the opening of the third eye of Lord Shiva” - It is an allegoric reference to show that the pineal gland, when activated, opens the third eye - If the āgyā chakra’s power is refined it can open up the ways of sublime transformation ...
... the opening of the third eye of Lord Shiva” - It is an allegoric reference to show that the pineal gland, when activated, opens the third eye - If the āgyā chakra’s power is refined it can open up the ways of sublime transformation ...
The amygdala - University of Puget Sound
... cellular properties and behavioral functions of the amygdala. Anatomical organization The amygdala was first recognized as a distinct brain region in the early 19th century. The name, derived from the Greek, was meant to denote an almondlike shape structure in the medial temporal lobe. Like most bra ...
... cellular properties and behavioral functions of the amygdala. Anatomical organization The amygdala was first recognized as a distinct brain region in the early 19th century. The name, derived from the Greek, was meant to denote an almondlike shape structure in the medial temporal lobe. Like most bra ...
Citation As Published Publisher Version Accessed
... Many complex behaviors, such as speech or playing a musical instrument, are not innately determined but are acquired through practice. The reinforcement learning (RL) framework proposes that during practice, an animal experiments with its motor output and uses sensory feedback to reinforce action se ...
... Many complex behaviors, such as speech or playing a musical instrument, are not innately determined but are acquired through practice. The reinforcement learning (RL) framework proposes that during practice, an animal experiments with its motor output and uses sensory feedback to reinforce action se ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... before saccades made to stable targets (middle-left). Movement cells also respond before saccades made in this paradigm, but purely visual cells either do not respond or respond tonically whenever the target lies in their receptive field and do not change their discharge rate before the saccade (8). ...
... before saccades made to stable targets (middle-left). Movement cells also respond before saccades made in this paradigm, but purely visual cells either do not respond or respond tonically whenever the target lies in their receptive field and do not change their discharge rate before the saccade (8). ...
Why Are Olfactory Systems of Different Animals So Similar?
... Smith et al., 1985; Schwenk, 1994/95]. Developmental and genetic processes constitute an important source of constraint, as these factors can limit the possible phenotypes that can be produced. For example, Finlay and Darlington [1995] have argued that, in general, the cellular events in early neura ...
... Smith et al., 1985; Schwenk, 1994/95]. Developmental and genetic processes constitute an important source of constraint, as these factors can limit the possible phenotypes that can be produced. For example, Finlay and Darlington [1995] have argued that, in general, the cellular events in early neura ...
PDF
... between primary motor cortex and the adjacent premotor cortex is uncertain. A traditional view is that premotor cortex instructs primary motor cortex, which in turn instructs the spinal cord (Fulton, 1935). However, both premotor and primary motor cortex project directly to the spinal cord in comple ...
... between primary motor cortex and the adjacent premotor cortex is uncertain. A traditional view is that premotor cortex instructs primary motor cortex, which in turn instructs the spinal cord (Fulton, 1935). However, both premotor and primary motor cortex project directly to the spinal cord in comple ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... dissociating visual from motor responses. In the no-saccade condition on every trial the red nogo trigger signal preceded target presentation by a fixed interval (300-500 msec) (Fig. 1C). This condition was used to assess the activation of neurons in response to stimuli presented when the monkey was ...
... dissociating visual from motor responses. In the no-saccade condition on every trial the red nogo trigger signal preceded target presentation by a fixed interval (300-500 msec) (Fig. 1C). This condition was used to assess the activation of neurons in response to stimuli presented when the monkey was ...
3-Morpholinylsydnonimine Inhibits Glutamatergic Transmission in
... Because SIN-1 produces both NO and superoxide anion upon decomposition (Feelisch et al., 1989; Holm et al., 1998) and biological tissues contain oxidants that are potentially capable of eliciting NO formation during the decomposition of SIN-1 (Trackey et al., 2001), it is possible that the SIN-1– in ...
... Because SIN-1 produces both NO and superoxide anion upon decomposition (Feelisch et al., 1989; Holm et al., 1998) and biological tissues contain oxidants that are potentially capable of eliciting NO formation during the decomposition of SIN-1 (Trackey et al., 2001), it is possible that the SIN-1– in ...
Representation in the Human Brain of Food Texture and Oral Fat
... analyses accounting for both scan-to-scan and subject-to-subject variability. More precisely, the sets of individual statistical maps corresponding to a specific effect of interest (i.e., to within-subjects differential effects) were entered as covariates in multiple regression models (without a con ...
... analyses accounting for both scan-to-scan and subject-to-subject variability. More precisely, the sets of individual statistical maps corresponding to a specific effect of interest (i.e., to within-subjects differential effects) were entered as covariates in multiple regression models (without a con ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... connection. I propose that even in the absence of changes in (ultra)structural connectivity, neuronal synchronization as an emergent dynamic of active neuronal groups has causal consequences for neuronal communication. If neuronal communication depends on neuronal synchronization, then dynamic chang ...
... connection. I propose that even in the absence of changes in (ultra)structural connectivity, neuronal synchronization as an emergent dynamic of active neuronal groups has causal consequences for neuronal communication. If neuronal communication depends on neuronal synchronization, then dynamic chang ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... gyri, were found to have bilaterally greater responses to untrustworthy and trustworthy faces (Said et al., 2011; Winston, Strange, O'Doherty, & Dolan, 2002). In an fMRI study, Winston et al. (2002) found the right pSTS to be recruited for explicit judgments of trustworthiness, with larger activatio ...
... gyri, were found to have bilaterally greater responses to untrustworthy and trustworthy faces (Said et al., 2011; Winston, Strange, O'Doherty, & Dolan, 2002). In an fMRI study, Winston et al. (2002) found the right pSTS to be recruited for explicit judgments of trustworthiness, with larger activatio ...
L8-Physiology of Sleep and EEG 2013
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
... (eg, mental arithmetic, stress, opening eyes, any form of sensory stimulation). Then become replaced with irregular low voltage activity. Desynchronization as it represents breakup of synchronized neuronal activity. An abnormal exception is alpha coma, most often caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalo ...
Favorable Recording Criteria for Spike Sorting
... 0 s1 (t) dt · 0 s2 (t − τ ) dt At complete overlap, spikes having identical waveforms, even when they have different amplitudes, will be perfectly correlated and all constellation points will lie on the horizontal axis. If the waveforms differ, being aligned in time still produces the maximal correl ...
... 0 s1 (t) dt · 0 s2 (t − τ ) dt At complete overlap, spikes having identical waveforms, even when they have different amplitudes, will be perfectly correlated and all constellation points will lie on the horizontal axis. If the waveforms differ, being aligned in time still produces the maximal correl ...
FREE Sample Here - Find the cheapest test bank for your
... The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c) There are more neurons than glial cells in the nervous system. d) A nerve is best defined as a bundle of axons from different neurons. e) Glial cells serve to support neurons, as well as to form the myelin sheath on axons. ANS: c TOP: MOD: 2.1 ...
... The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c) There are more neurons than glial cells in the nervous system. d) A nerve is best defined as a bundle of axons from different neurons. e) Glial cells serve to support neurons, as well as to form the myelin sheath on axons. ANS: c TOP: MOD: 2.1 ...
M555 Medical Neuroscience Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral
... LARGE Multipolar Neurons in the Anterior Horn location: one or more locations in anterior (ventral) horn of spinal cord gray matter present at all spinal cord levels, but ... particularly numerous at the level of the cervical and lumbar enlargements significance: innervate skeletal muscles axons of ...
... LARGE Multipolar Neurons in the Anterior Horn location: one or more locations in anterior (ventral) horn of spinal cord gray matter present at all spinal cord levels, but ... particularly numerous at the level of the cervical and lumbar enlargements significance: innervate skeletal muscles axons of ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Center for Neural Science
... parameters. The parameters are all obtained by averaging local measurements across all spatial positions within the original image and are thus altogether capable of representing the number and type of local features in the original image, while lacking information about their specific locations. So ...
... parameters. The parameters are all obtained by averaging local measurements across all spatial positions within the original image and are thus altogether capable of representing the number and type of local features in the original image, while lacking information about their specific locations. So ...
Selectivity and Tolerance - Penn Arts and Sciences
... parameters. The parameters are all obtained by averaging local measurements across all spatial positions within the original image and are thus altogether capable of representing the number and type of local features in the original image, while lacking information about their specific locations. So ...
... parameters. The parameters are all obtained by averaging local measurements across all spatial positions within the original image and are thus altogether capable of representing the number and type of local features in the original image, while lacking information about their specific locations. So ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.