pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... neurons in the spinal cord, where LABELLEDLINE THEORIES trace pain-specific processing through the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus11. Unfortunately, these connections have not been demonstrated experimentally, and their specificity to any part of the cingulate cortex has never been shown. This is beca ...
... neurons in the spinal cord, where LABELLEDLINE THEORIES trace pain-specific processing through the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus11. Unfortunately, these connections have not been demonstrated experimentally, and their specificity to any part of the cingulate cortex has never been shown. This is beca ...
Visual adaptation: Neural, psychological and computational aspects
... of processing adapt and how plasticity occurring early in the processing stream impacts downstream areas. In macaque IT cortex, for example, neuronal adaptation has been reported to show greater selectivity than the response of the corresponding neuron, suggesting that adaptation is occurring at or ...
... of processing adapt and how plasticity occurring early in the processing stream impacts downstream areas. In macaque IT cortex, for example, neuronal adaptation has been reported to show greater selectivity than the response of the corresponding neuron, suggesting that adaptation is occurring at or ...
Powerpoint Slides for chapter 2
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; an ...
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; an ...
The Control of Voluntary Eye Movements: New Perspectives
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
... voluntary eye movements. First, recent experiments have shown that pursuit and saccades are not controlled by entirely different neural pathways but are controlled by similar networks of cortical and subcortical regions and, in some cases, by the same neurons. Second, pursuit and saccades are not au ...
cur op e-print version
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
Biological Bases of Bx Test
... b. hypothalamus. c. motor cortex. d. reticular formation. e. frontal association area. ____ 33. Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to which of the following? a. More neurotransmitters are released when the lips are touched. b. A larger area of the sensory cortex is ...
... b. hypothalamus. c. motor cortex. d. reticular formation. e. frontal association area. ____ 33. Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to which of the following? a. More neurotransmitters are released when the lips are touched. b. A larger area of the sensory cortex is ...
File
... nervous system, myelin, synapse, axon. 1. high alert 2. transmits impulses away from cell body 3. fatty insulating material 4. gap between neurons ...
... nervous system, myelin, synapse, axon. 1. high alert 2. transmits impulses away from cell body 3. fatty insulating material 4. gap between neurons ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... the white matter is likely to be excited as well, due to extensive folding of the cerebellum. Therefore climbing and mossy fibers, which both send excitatory collaterals to the nuclear neurons, may be antidromically excited in addition to the stimulation of the Purkinje cell axons. The net result on ...
... the white matter is likely to be excited as well, due to extensive folding of the cerebellum. Therefore climbing and mossy fibers, which both send excitatory collaterals to the nuclear neurons, may be antidromically excited in addition to the stimulation of the Purkinje cell axons. The net result on ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... collaterals, dendrites, and axon terminations in peripheral ganglia. Neuropil has also been considered synonymous with synaptic field, however, and thus has acquired functional connotations as the primary site of integrative neuron activity (Herrick, 1948). The structural limits of neuropil are appa ...
... collaterals, dendrites, and axon terminations in peripheral ganglia. Neuropil has also been considered synonymous with synaptic field, however, and thus has acquired functional connotations as the primary site of integrative neuron activity (Herrick, 1948). The structural limits of neuropil are appa ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... (e.g., cortex and hippocampus); 2) describe the mechanisms that control the bioavailability of active estrogens within discrete regions of the brain, in particular focusing on the ability to synthesize estradiol in nervous tissue; 3) examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on p ...
... (e.g., cortex and hippocampus); 2) describe the mechanisms that control the bioavailability of active estrogens within discrete regions of the brain, in particular focusing on the ability to synthesize estradiol in nervous tissue; 3) examine the cellular consequence of rapid estrogenicsignaling on p ...
Preserving information in neural transmission - CNL
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
... time available for recordings. The signal-to-noise ratio needed to record EPSPs extracellularly meant that the electrode was often very close to, if not touching, the cell. Recordings rarely lasted more than an hour, because the neuron could be injured with even minor relative motion between the ele ...
31 - UCL
... kind of code-directed scene comprehension that draws heavily upon specifically visual, and probably largely prelinguistic processing constraints. The key processes of word-recognition and the assembly of visual word meaning patterns into interacting chains, however, may be mediated in part by specie ...
... kind of code-directed scene comprehension that draws heavily upon specifically visual, and probably largely prelinguistic processing constraints. The key processes of word-recognition and the assembly of visual word meaning patterns into interacting chains, however, may be mediated in part by specie ...
Chapter 9b final
... hypothalamus was activated less, amygdala was activated more (than controls) ...
... hypothalamus was activated less, amygdala was activated more (than controls) ...
Implications on visual apperception: energy, duration
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
... equilibrium (Qian and Beard, 2005) that make possible to pick up extreme weak different information from the outside world. The sensory systems, which are results of nonlinear biochemical processes of cells, have extreme sensitivity to pick up diverse information from the external world. Blindsight ...
Vol 431 No 7010 pp723-882
... allostery and trafficking to long-range neuromodulation, everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty years ago — not just slowly to sustain learning and memory. And there is a growing appreciation of how muc ...
... allostery and trafficking to long-range neuromodulation, everything biological produces adaptive computation. Synapses, for example, change strength in real time, as Bernard Katz observed fifty years ago — not just slowly to sustain learning and memory. And there is a growing appreciation of how muc ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... Clearly, integrins can only stimulate axon regeneration if they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including ...
... Clearly, integrins can only stimulate axon regeneration if they are present in the axon at the site of damage. In the current study, we have asked whether integrins are transported into sensory axons including DRG and retinal ganglia neurons (RGCs), and into several types of adult neurons including ...
Electrical Interactions via the Extracellular Potential Near Cell Bodies
... cable theory. Second, we used those currents to compute the extracellular potentials. Third, we used the computed extracellular potentials to compute the transmembrane potential of a cable passing by the cell. Transmembrane currents were first calculated following standard one-dimensional cable theo ...
... cable theory. Second, we used those currents to compute the extracellular potentials. Third, we used the computed extracellular potentials to compute the transmembrane potential of a cable passing by the cell. Transmembrane currents were first calculated following standard one-dimensional cable theo ...
Central neural control of the cardiovascular system
... Advances in Physiology Education • doi:10.1152/advan.00027.2016 • http://advan.physiology.org ...
... Advances in Physiology Education • doi:10.1152/advan.00027.2016 • http://advan.physiology.org ...
(jns-object). - The Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
... involved, but the actual degrees of freedom are low because of geometric constraints in the physical world. For example, as illustrated in Figure 1, the rotation of an object alters many visual cues. How these cues vary in time is not arbitrary but is fully determined by the rigid motion, which has ...
... involved, but the actual degrees of freedom are low because of geometric constraints in the physical world. For example, as illustrated in Figure 1, the rotation of an object alters many visual cues. How these cues vary in time is not arbitrary but is fully determined by the rigid motion, which has ...
Scientific Basis of Pain
... • Both cortical and limbic systems are involved in conscious awareness (perception) of pain • Recognition of location, intensity, and quality of pain is mediated by processing of signals from the spinothalamic tract > thalamus > somatosensory cortex ...
... • Both cortical and limbic systems are involved in conscious awareness (perception) of pain • Recognition of location, intensity, and quality of pain is mediated by processing of signals from the spinothalamic tract > thalamus > somatosensory cortex ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
... Two of the most salient physiological responses to stress are increased norepinephrine ŽNE. and cortisol ŽCORT. activities. However, it is unclear how these neurochemical events affect cognition, especially attention. We examined the effects of mild psychological stress on selective attention, as as ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
... performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EMG) recordings from hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the act ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.