The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Serotonergic
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
The PLAT domain of LOV-1 interacts with ATP-2 to
... To ascertain the function of the PLAT domain, GFPtagged PLAT domain transgenes were introduced into wildtype animals. The mating behavior of transgenic animals is scored, with response and Lov defects being an effective readout of interference with polycystin signaling. The strong pkd-2 promoter is ...
... To ascertain the function of the PLAT domain, GFPtagged PLAT domain transgenes were introduced into wildtype animals. The mating behavior of transgenic animals is scored, with response and Lov defects being an effective readout of interference with polycystin signaling. The strong pkd-2 promoter is ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... region within the vestibular nuclei that includes the dorsal aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus, the caudoventral aspect (pars ␣) of the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus (Balaban 1996; Balaban and Beryozkin 19 ...
... region within the vestibular nuclei that includes the dorsal aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus, the caudoventral aspect (pars ␣) of the lateral vestibular nucleus, and the caudal half of the medial vestibular nucleus and the inferior vestibular nucleus (Balaban 1996; Balaban and Beryozkin 19 ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... The competition among multiple objects in visual cortex can be biased by both bottom-up sensory-driven mechanisms and top-down influences, such as selective attention. Functional brain imaging studies reveal that, both in the absence and in the presence of visual stimulation, biasing signals due to ...
... The competition among multiple objects in visual cortex can be biased by both bottom-up sensory-driven mechanisms and top-down influences, such as selective attention. Functional brain imaging studies reveal that, both in the absence and in the presence of visual stimulation, biasing signals due to ...
Escape behavior and neuronal responses to looming stimuli in the
... displacements of the ball were prevented by four set points provided by two optical mice and by two flexible sheets located at right angles from each other. The rotation of the ball was recorded by the two mice that have their optical reading systems protected by transparent acetate sheets, which al ...
... displacements of the ball were prevented by four set points provided by two optical mice and by two flexible sheets located at right angles from each other. The rotation of the ball was recorded by the two mice that have their optical reading systems protected by transparent acetate sheets, which al ...
Functional characterization of the synaptic
... tumor or an infection in the adult brain and span throughout life. Although the underlying etiology of the various disorders might be different, all of them lead to similar brain dysfunctions (defects of the sensory and motor system) and to comparable cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Epile ...
... tumor or an infection in the adult brain and span throughout life. Although the underlying etiology of the various disorders might be different, all of them lead to similar brain dysfunctions (defects of the sensory and motor system) and to comparable cognitive deficits in learning and memory. Epile ...
Rotatory nystagmus - Besøk daftpunk.no
... Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, they are un ...
... Normally with the head at rest, in the neutral position the resting discharges in the two vestibular nerve are equal. Vestibulomotor (vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal) reflexes are elicited when inputs from the two vestibular organs or their central projection are made equal, that is, they are un ...
2/ the biological perspective - College Test bank
... The Neural Impulse A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside (the resting potential); at this point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by al ...
... The Neural Impulse A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside (the resting potential); at this point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by al ...
Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... open more rapidly than do the K+ channels(Figure 9-6 When the depolarization is maintained for some timl the Na + channelsbegin to close,leading to a decrease< inward current. The process by which Na + channe] close during a maintained depolarization is tenne inactivation. In contrast, the K+ channe ...
... open more rapidly than do the K+ channels(Figure 9-6 When the depolarization is maintained for some timl the Na + channelsbegin to close,leading to a decrease< inward current. The process by which Na + channe] close during a maintained depolarization is tenne inactivation. In contrast, the K+ channe ...
Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit information by firing sequences of spikes in various temporal patterns. The s ...
... propagate signals rapidly over large distances. They do this by generating characteristic electrical pulses called action potentials, or more simply spikes, that can travel down nerve fibers. Neurons represent and transmit information by firing sequences of spikes in various temporal patterns. The s ...
2/ the biological perspective - test bank and solution manual for your
... The Neural Impulse A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside (the resting potential); at this point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by al ...
... The Neural Impulse A neuron contains charged particles called ions. When at rest, the neuron is negatively charged on the inside and positively charged on the outside (the resting potential); at this point, the neuron is in a state of polarization. When stimulated, this reverses the charge by al ...
5. Third year activities - LIRA-Lab
... hand, MIRROR did not fully achieve the integration of the many experiments on a single working demonstrator. We would like to mention though that the members of the consortium are now part of a larger FP6’s integrated project (RobotCub, FP6-004370) which can be seen in many respects as the continuat ...
... hand, MIRROR did not fully achieve the integration of the many experiments on a single working demonstrator. We would like to mention though that the members of the consortium are now part of a larger FP6’s integrated project (RobotCub, FP6-004370) which can be seen in many respects as the continuat ...
CELL MIGRATION IN THE FOREBRAIN
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
... Modulation of Radial Movement by Motogenic Factors Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT4, members of the neurotrophin family, have been shown to promote the migration of cortical neurons. TrkB, the high-affinity receptor of BDNF and NT4, is expressed in migrating neurons in the cortical p ...
FREE Sample Here
... a. Neurons have a high metabolic rate. b. The dendrites store nutrients and oxygen for the neuron. c. Dead neurons are consumed by other neurons. d. Neurons make up 29% of the volume of the brain. e. Neurons can survive for hours without oxygen. Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-31 Page Ref: 35 Topic: ...
... a. Neurons have a high metabolic rate. b. The dendrites store nutrients and oxygen for the neuron. c. Dead neurons are consumed by other neurons. d. Neurons make up 29% of the volume of the brain. e. Neurons can survive for hours without oxygen. Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-31 Page Ref: 35 Topic: ...
S-potentials precede and drive nearly all LGN spikes in a burst.
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
... tonic. The bursting mode has been shown in cats and guinea pigs to depend on activation of the low-threshold calcium current (IT). Characteristically, all spikes but the first one in a burst do not require additional synaptic input to occur because IT depolarizes the cell, generating several INa act ...
pain - Dog2Doc.com
... • Both cortical and limbic systems are involved in conscious awareness (perception) of pain • Recognition of location, intensity, and quality of pain is mediated by processing of signals from the spinothalamic tract > thalamus > somatosensory cortex ...
... • Both cortical and limbic systems are involved in conscious awareness (perception) of pain • Recognition of location, intensity, and quality of pain is mediated by processing of signals from the spinothalamic tract > thalamus > somatosensory cortex ...
The Nervous System
... radio without a receiver. In the peripheral nervous system, sensory nerves carry messages from special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord, which sends them along to the brain. These nerves put us in touch with both the outside world and th ...
... radio without a receiver. In the peripheral nervous system, sensory nerves carry messages from special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord, which sends them along to the brain. These nerves put us in touch with both the outside world and th ...
Chemical Senses
... (e) Close-up of the membrane of the tip of the taste cell, showing the receptor sites for bitter, sour, salty, and sweet substances. Stimulation of these receptor sites triggers a number of different reactions within the cell that lead to movement of charged molecules across the membrane, which cre ...
... (e) Close-up of the membrane of the tip of the taste cell, showing the receptor sites for bitter, sour, salty, and sweet substances. Stimulation of these receptor sites triggers a number of different reactions within the cell that lead to movement of charged molecules across the membrane, which cre ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... groups (Plum et al., 1976; Sharp et al., 1981). By contrast, there have been hardly any applications of 2-DG autoradiography to invertebrate senso,y systems (Buchner et al., 1979; Buchner and Buchner, 1983; Rodrigues and Buchner, 1984). This may reflect, in part, the occurrence in some invertebrate ...
... groups (Plum et al., 1976; Sharp et al., 1981). By contrast, there have been hardly any applications of 2-DG autoradiography to invertebrate senso,y systems (Buchner et al., 1979; Buchner and Buchner, 1983; Rodrigues and Buchner, 1984). This may reflect, in part, the occurrence in some invertebrate ...
PDF
... Hopkins Medical School Animal Care and Use Committee. At the beginning of each experiment, a rat was anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (40 mg / kg) and then given an intramuscular injection of atropine sulfate (0.05 mg) to reduce mucous secretions. When the anima ...
... Hopkins Medical School Animal Care and Use Committee. At the beginning of each experiment, a rat was anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (40 mg / kg) and then given an intramuscular injection of atropine sulfate (0.05 mg) to reduce mucous secretions. When the anima ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... Drosophila has recently become a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms of temporal patterning of neural progenitors called neuroblasts (NBs). Two different temporal sequences of transcription factors (TFs) have been found to be sequentially expressed in NBs of two different systems: the ...
... Drosophila has recently become a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms of temporal patterning of neural progenitors called neuroblasts (NBs). Two different temporal sequences of transcription factors (TFs) have been found to be sequentially expressed in NBs of two different systems: the ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... the number of primary dendrites could account for up to 50% of this correlation. Fourthly, dendritic arborization was not correlated with axonal projection, and axonal projection types could not be predicted by electrical excitability parameters. We conclude that 1) dendritic polarity is correlated ...
... the number of primary dendrites could account for up to 50% of this correlation. Fourthly, dendritic arborization was not correlated with axonal projection, and axonal projection types could not be predicted by electrical excitability parameters. We conclude that 1) dendritic polarity is correlated ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... conduction along the entire fiber. The giant nerve fibers in Lumbriculus are tightly wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same f ...
... conduction along the entire fiber. The giant nerve fibers in Lumbriculus are tightly wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same f ...
PPT
... • Symbolic AI is well-suited for representing explicit knowledge that can be appropriately formalized. • However, learning in biological systems is mostly implicit – it is an adaptation process based on uncertain information and reasoning. • ANNs are inherently parallel and work extremely efficientl ...
... • Symbolic AI is well-suited for representing explicit knowledge that can be appropriately formalized. • However, learning in biological systems is mostly implicit – it is an adaptation process based on uncertain information and reasoning. • ANNs are inherently parallel and work extremely efficientl ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.