Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... blind. Statistical parametric maps of activation for the verbal memory versus rest contrast using a random effect GLM analysis. Group results are presented on a full Talairach-normalized inflated and unfolded brain of the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres. Color scale denotes significant activati ...
... blind. Statistical parametric maps of activation for the verbal memory versus rest contrast using a random effect GLM analysis. Group results are presented on a full Talairach-normalized inflated and unfolded brain of the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres. Color scale denotes significant activati ...
Features of Neuronal Synchrony in Mouse Visual Cortex
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
... been hypothesized to play a role in defining cell assemblies representing particular constellations of stimulus features. In many systems and species, synchronization is accompanied by an oscillatory response modulation at frequencies in the ␥-band. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
... that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitive to face differences among the species. Furthermore, non-invasive human studies of patients with blindsight have suggested that the subcortical route, including the SC, the pulvinar, and the ...
Diapositiva 1
... ↓ threshold FR1-2 ↑ muscles recruitment Abnormal FR3 response Spinal Iperexcitability ...
... ↓ threshold FR1-2 ↑ muscles recruitment Abnormal FR3 response Spinal Iperexcitability ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... Future studies in the worm will address important basic questions regarding ciliary development, morphogenesis, specialization, and signaling functions. ...
... Future studies in the worm will address important basic questions regarding ciliary development, morphogenesis, specialization, and signaling functions. ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
... molecular composition of odour eliciting a locomotory response has been studied by Visser (1976), whereas the mechanisms of host odour recognition have been analyzed by de Jong (1988). In spite of much effort spent on understanding the function of the nervous system, the brain is still a 'black box' ...
The Biology of Behavior Chapter Preview
... Most behaviors derive from many genes Studying twins and adoptees helps separate heredity and the environment The environment affects how and when genes affect behavior Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ...
... Most behaviors derive from many genes Studying twins and adoptees helps separate heredity and the environment The environment affects how and when genes affect behavior Copyright 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ...
Nervous System - Daytona State College
... The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 133, Page 13 of 94) ...
... The Academic Support Center @ Daytona State College (Science 133, Page 13 of 94) ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... relayed along the optic nerve. The primary visual pathway from the optic nerves to the cerebral cortex passes through the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to the primary visual cortex (V1 or striate cortex) in the occipital lobes at the posterior of the brain. In thinking abou ...
... relayed along the optic nerve. The primary visual pathway from the optic nerves to the cerebral cortex passes through the dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus to the primary visual cortex (V1 or striate cortex) in the occipital lobes at the posterior of the brain. In thinking abou ...
(Nurr1, Nur77 and Nor-1) by Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics in
... neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. This nuclear receptor is essential for the development and maintenance of mesencephalic dopamine neurons (Zetterström et al., 1997). However, its role in fully mature dopamine neurons remains uncertain. Nur77 (also known as Nerve-Growth Fac ...
... neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. This nuclear receptor is essential for the development and maintenance of mesencephalic dopamine neurons (Zetterström et al., 1997). However, its role in fully mature dopamine neurons remains uncertain. Nur77 (also known as Nerve-Growth Fac ...
An Overview on the Physiologic Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous
... fibers are relatively short (only about 1 or 2 mm long) thereby producing specific, localized responses in the effector organs. ...
... fibers are relatively short (only about 1 or 2 mm long) thereby producing specific, localized responses in the effector organs. ...
Eye movement control by the cerebral cortex
... SEF could prepare all motor programmes early, even when they are limited to a single saccade. This may also explain the SEF activation observed in fMRI studies in all single and sequence saccade paradigms [9], whatever the nature of the single saccade to be performed. Thus, this point illustrates ho ...
... SEF could prepare all motor programmes early, even when they are limited to a single saccade. This may also explain the SEF activation observed in fMRI studies in all single and sequence saccade paradigms [9], whatever the nature of the single saccade to be performed. Thus, this point illustrates ho ...
Text - ETH E
... as a signal that is one during presentation of this stimulus and zero otherwise. The temporal stimulus representation of this stimulus u(t ) consists of a series of phasic signals x1 ðtÞ; x2 ðtÞ; x3 ðtÞ; … that cover trial duration (only three components are shown). Each component of this temporal r ...
... as a signal that is one during presentation of this stimulus and zero otherwise. The temporal stimulus representation of this stimulus u(t ) consists of a series of phasic signals x1 ðtÞ; x2 ðtÞ; x3 ðtÞ; … that cover trial duration (only three components are shown). Each component of this temporal r ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... compensation. If head rotations are slow and sustained, visual system can stabilize gaze by producing optokinetic eye movements. Similarly, during linear self-motion or while tracking a small moving target, visually driven smooth pursuit contributes to holding the image steadily on the fovea. The fi ...
... compensation. If head rotations are slow and sustained, visual system can stabilize gaze by producing optokinetic eye movements. Similarly, during linear self-motion or while tracking a small moving target, visually driven smooth pursuit contributes to holding the image steadily on the fovea. The fi ...
Activity Regulates the Synaptic Localization of the NMDA Receptor
... Electrophysiological studies of neurons in culture suggest that the NMDA receptor is present in synaptic “hot spots” on dendrites and that NMDA receptors and nonNMDA receptors are frequently but not always colocalized at such synaptic sites (Bekkers and Stevens, 1989; Jones and Baughman, 1991). Immu ...
... Electrophysiological studies of neurons in culture suggest that the NMDA receptor is present in synaptic “hot spots” on dendrites and that NMDA receptors and nonNMDA receptors are frequently but not always colocalized at such synaptic sites (Bekkers and Stevens, 1989; Jones and Baughman, 1991). Immu ...
Dynamics of sensory thalamocortical synaptic networks during
... and retrieves sensory information is one of the most compelling questions in neuroscience. Central to information processing, are neural networks that interconnect the thalamus and the neocortex. Rather than being static, these neural pathways are highly dynamic and modifiable on a moment to moment ...
... and retrieves sensory information is one of the most compelling questions in neuroscience. Central to information processing, are neural networks that interconnect the thalamus and the neocortex. Rather than being static, these neural pathways are highly dynamic and modifiable on a moment to moment ...
Dysregulation of Arousal and Amygdala
... skin conductance responses made it feasible to extract concurrent brain and arousal responses to individual face stimuli. To examine fMRI BOLD responses in relation to skin conductance responses, we first formed two subsets of fear stimuli for each subject, referred to as “with-arousal” and “without ...
... skin conductance responses made it feasible to extract concurrent brain and arousal responses to individual face stimuli. To examine fMRI BOLD responses in relation to skin conductance responses, we first formed two subsets of fear stimuli for each subject, referred to as “with-arousal” and “without ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... human narcolepsy. It then was confirmed that human narcoleptic patients exhibit a drastic reduction (85%-95%) in hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid40 and in the number of hypocretin neurons,41,42 leading to the hypothesis that narcolepsy could be related to ongoing loss of hypocretin neurons.43 ...
... human narcolepsy. It then was confirmed that human narcoleptic patients exhibit a drastic reduction (85%-95%) in hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid40 and in the number of hypocretin neurons,41,42 leading to the hypothesis that narcolepsy could be related to ongoing loss of hypocretin neurons.43 ...
Brain Abnormalities in Murderers Indicated by
... research together with neurological studies of patients have further implicated limbic structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus in modulating aggression (Bear 1991; Elliott 1992; Gorenstein and Newman 1980; Mirsky and Siegel 1994; Watson et al 1983a), while the thalamus also provides an impor ...
... research together with neurological studies of patients have further implicated limbic structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus in modulating aggression (Bear 1991; Elliott 1992; Gorenstein and Newman 1980; Mirsky and Siegel 1994; Watson et al 1983a), while the thalamus also provides an impor ...
Cognition The Cognitive Science Approach 1) The Atkinson
... 55) One reason cognitive psychologists moved away from the strict information-processing approach was the evidence that multiple mental processing can occur in parallel. Answer: TRUE 56) Each hemisphere of the brain is a single sheet of neural tissue, the lobes are merely separated by larger folds a ...
... 55) One reason cognitive psychologists moved away from the strict information-processing approach was the evidence that multiple mental processing can occur in parallel. Answer: TRUE 56) Each hemisphere of the brain is a single sheet of neural tissue, the lobes are merely separated by larger folds a ...
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst
... varied between three and seven (mean, 4.8 ⫾ 1.2; n ⫽ 30) across neurons. The spike frequency within bursts was also consistent for each neuron and varied across neurons between 121.9 –259.6 Hz (mean, 185.5 ⫾ 38.5; n ⫽ 30). Depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cells does not ordinarily induce bursting act ...
... varied between three and seven (mean, 4.8 ⫾ 1.2; n ⫽ 30) across neurons. The spike frequency within bursts was also consistent for each neuron and varied across neurons between 121.9 –259.6 Hz (mean, 185.5 ⫾ 38.5; n ⫽ 30). Depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cells does not ordinarily induce bursting act ...
Dopamine and adaptive memory - Shohamy Lab
... responses do indeed reflect reward prediction errors [19,23]. What is clear, however, is that dopamine neurons provide multiple mechanisms for signaling the occurrence and expectation of events that are of motivational significance, and for sending these signals to a selective set of target regions ...
... responses do indeed reflect reward prediction errors [19,23]. What is clear, however, is that dopamine neurons provide multiple mechanisms for signaling the occurrence and expectation of events that are of motivational significance, and for sending these signals to a selective set of target regions ...
Document
... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
... More in details, NGF consists of three subunits, a, b and g which interact to form a 7S complex of approximately 27 kDa in weight. The 7S complex contains two identical 118 amino acid b chains, which are solely responsible for the trophic activity of NGF. Mature b-NGF is synthesized from prepro-b NG ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... multisynaptic hippocampal circuits (Amaral and Witter, 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscill ...
... multisynaptic hippocampal circuits (Amaral and Witter, 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscill ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.