LYRICA (pregabalin) eLearning System
... including thought, mood, perception of pain and other sensory input, regulation of sleep, and control of movement. The interactions among the functional components of the nervous system are central to its effective function. When imbalances in their actions occur, a variety of disorders can result. ...
... including thought, mood, perception of pain and other sensory input, regulation of sleep, and control of movement. The interactions among the functional components of the nervous system are central to its effective function. When imbalances in their actions occur, a variety of disorders can result. ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... think that the study of imitation of higher-level actions is necessary to argue for or against both the mirror neurons hypothesis and their localization in humans. Moreover, a recent meta-analysis performed by Grèzes and Decety (2001) on numerous neuroimaging studies dealing with action generation, ...
... think that the study of imitation of higher-level actions is necessary to argue for or against both the mirror neurons hypothesis and their localization in humans. Moreover, a recent meta-analysis performed by Grèzes and Decety (2001) on numerous neuroimaging studies dealing with action generation, ...
Critical Periods:
... Thus, estrogen-enhanced release of dopamine within the basal ganglia and nucleus accumbens most likely acts to promote proceptive behaviors. Note: dopaminergic activity is not believed to be important for the display of lordosis. ...
... Thus, estrogen-enhanced release of dopamine within the basal ganglia and nucleus accumbens most likely acts to promote proceptive behaviors. Note: dopaminergic activity is not believed to be important for the display of lordosis. ...
Mechanisms of Maximum Information Preservation in the Drosophila
... In this section, we describe the construction of a network model of the Drosophila antennal lobe (Fig. 1 (B)). There are three types of neurons in the Drosophila antennal lobe: ORNs, PNs, and LNs. We assume that these neurons fire according to a Poisson process with a time-independent firing rate fo ...
... In this section, we describe the construction of a network model of the Drosophila antennal lobe (Fig. 1 (B)). There are three types of neurons in the Drosophila antennal lobe: ORNs, PNs, and LNs. We assume that these neurons fire according to a Poisson process with a time-independent firing rate fo ...
the koniocellular pathway in primate vision
... As recently as five years ago, only the K layers of bushbabies were well studied and well understood. In studies conducted by Casagrande and her colleagues, the aggregation of K cells into two wide layers was exploited to determine the connectional and physiological properties of these neurons (Casa ...
... As recently as five years ago, only the K layers of bushbabies were well studied and well understood. In studies conducted by Casagrande and her colleagues, the aggregation of K cells into two wide layers was exploited to determine the connectional and physiological properties of these neurons (Casa ...
Subconscious Stimulus Recognition and Processing During
... slightest sound emanating from her new born baby. Stimuli implying a potential danger, such as the slight noise of a burglar or of a fire at home, can awaken us, even though its intensity is low. That both the physical qualities of sounds and, even more importantly, the psychological value that peop ...
... slightest sound emanating from her new born baby. Stimuli implying a potential danger, such as the slight noise of a burglar or of a fire at home, can awaken us, even though its intensity is low. That both the physical qualities of sounds and, even more importantly, the psychological value that peop ...
Introduction
... GPi sends inhibitory projections to the thalamus (ventral anterior nucleus). The thalamus, in turn, sends excitatory projections to the cortex. The subthalamic nucleus sends excitatory output to GPi.The direct pathway ...
... GPi sends inhibitory projections to the thalamus (ventral anterior nucleus). The thalamus, in turn, sends excitatory projections to the cortex. The subthalamic nucleus sends excitatory output to GPi.The direct pathway ...
Surgical Planning Laboratory
... GPi sends inhibitory projections to the thalamus (ventral anterior nucleus). The thalamus, in turn, sends excitatory projections to the cortex. The subthalamic nucleus sends excitatory output to GPi.The direct pathway ...
... GPi sends inhibitory projections to the thalamus (ventral anterior nucleus). The thalamus, in turn, sends excitatory projections to the cortex. The subthalamic nucleus sends excitatory output to GPi.The direct pathway ...
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: A MOLECULAR LOGIC OF OLFACTORY PERCEPTION
... The completed sequence of both the murine and human genome ultimately identified 1300 odorant receptors in the mouse (12,13) and 500 in humans (14,15,16). If mice possess 20,000 genes, then as much as 5% of the genome, one in 20 genes encodes the odorant receptors. A large family of odorant receptor ...
... The completed sequence of both the murine and human genome ultimately identified 1300 odorant receptors in the mouse (12,13) and 500 in humans (14,15,16). If mice possess 20,000 genes, then as much as 5% of the genome, one in 20 genes encodes the odorant receptors. A large family of odorant receptor ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... To find the general principles of brain development is one of the major scientific quests in neuroscience Not all characteristics of the brain can be specified by a ...
... To find the general principles of brain development is one of the major scientific quests in neuroscience Not all characteristics of the brain can be specified by a ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex and Human Drug Abuse: Functional Imaging
... The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a paralimbic region, participates in association functions, integrating emotion with behavior and various sensory processes (Hof et al., 1995). Its dysfunction has been implicated in psychiatric disorders that involve inappropriate emotional and behavioral responses t ...
... The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a paralimbic region, participates in association functions, integrating emotion with behavior and various sensory processes (Hof et al., 1995). Its dysfunction has been implicated in psychiatric disorders that involve inappropriate emotional and behavioral responses t ...
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications, and
... air ventilation is associated with combined CNS effects of hypercapnia and hypoxia. The effects of gas tension changes on the field potentials and on the membrane potential of individual neurons are schematically shown in Fig. 2.15. In the corresponding animal experiments, the artificial ventilation ...
... air ventilation is associated with combined CNS effects of hypercapnia and hypoxia. The effects of gas tension changes on the field potentials and on the membrane potential of individual neurons are schematically shown in Fig. 2.15. In the corresponding animal experiments, the artificial ventilation ...
Patterned, But Not Tonic, Optogenetic Stimulation in Motor
... aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelrhodopsin-2 by injection of lentiviral vector (Lenti.CaMKII.hChR2(H134R).mCherry), were selectively stimulated with blue light (473 nm) ...
... aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effective methods of Mthal stimulation to treat akinesia. Glutamatergic Mthal neurons, transduced with channelrhodopsin-2 by injection of lentiviral vector (Lenti.CaMKII.hChR2(H134R).mCherry), were selectively stimulated with blue light (473 nm) ...
Brainstem Nuclei and Tracts
... spinal cord and nuclei of the brain stem. The fibers destined for the spinal cord cross to the opposite side in the dorsal tegmental decussation and continue as tectospinal fibers. Efferent fibers for brain stem are called tectobulbar fibers directed bilaterally. They distribute fibers to the pretec ...
... spinal cord and nuclei of the brain stem. The fibers destined for the spinal cord cross to the opposite side in the dorsal tegmental decussation and continue as tectospinal fibers. Efferent fibers for brain stem are called tectobulbar fibers directed bilaterally. They distribute fibers to the pretec ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
A Hebbian learning rule gives rise to mirror neurons and links them
... a remarkable correspondence between sensory and motor roles in single neurons has led to numerous suggestions about the function of mirror neurons in communication, imitation learning, cultural learning, and language development (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004; Oztop et al., 2012). Most importantly, ...
... a remarkable correspondence between sensory and motor roles in single neurons has led to numerous suggestions about the function of mirror neurons in communication, imitation learning, cultural learning, and language development (Rizzolatti and Craighero, 2004; Oztop et al., 2012). Most importantly, ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... this manner, the map represents discrete information such as neuronal identity (Figure 1.1A) (Luo and Flanagan, 2007). The paradigm for continuous maps is the retinotopic map in the visual system. In vertebrates, retinal neurons convey visual information from the retina to the optic tectum forming ...
... this manner, the map represents discrete information such as neuronal identity (Figure 1.1A) (Luo and Flanagan, 2007). The paradigm for continuous maps is the retinotopic map in the visual system. In vertebrates, retinal neurons convey visual information from the retina to the optic tectum forming ...
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by
... It has been generally accepted that regular physical activity is associated with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Exercise training promotes several cardiovascular adjustments, including remodeling of the heart and skeletal muscle circulation (10,11), improvement of the autonomic con ...
... It has been generally accepted that regular physical activity is associated with beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Exercise training promotes several cardiovascular adjustments, including remodeling of the heart and skeletal muscle circulation (10,11), improvement of the autonomic con ...
(2012) Prediction of economic choice by primate amygdala neurons
... predict upcoming left or right eye movements, and it was independent of visual cue position or reaction time (Fig. 2 D, G, and H). Taken together, the neuron’s response predicted the behavioral choice to save or spend irrespective of value, action, and other measured choice parameters. Of 846 task-r ...
... predict upcoming left or right eye movements, and it was independent of visual cue position or reaction time (Fig. 2 D, G, and H). Taken together, the neuron’s response predicted the behavioral choice to save or spend irrespective of value, action, and other measured choice parameters. Of 846 task-r ...
Layer II/III of the Prefrontal Cortex: Inhibition by the Serotonin
... the expression of the 5-HT1A receptor in the forebrain (Gross et al., 2002) during the early postnatal period is sufficient to produce an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. Despite the strong association between prefrontal 5-HT1A receptors and adult psychopathology, it has yet to be established wh ...
... the expression of the 5-HT1A receptor in the forebrain (Gross et al., 2002) during the early postnatal period is sufficient to produce an anxiety-like phenotype in adulthood. Despite the strong association between prefrontal 5-HT1A receptors and adult psychopathology, it has yet to be established wh ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... e. thresholds. ____ 11. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called a. hormones. b. neurotransmitters. c. synapses. d. sensory neurons. e. motor neurons. ____ 12. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is a. depression. b. muscular paralysis. c. agg ...
... e. thresholds. ____ 11. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called a. hormones. b. neurotransmitters. c. synapses. d. sensory neurons. e. motor neurons. ____ 12. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is a. depression. b. muscular paralysis. c. agg ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... (compare Fig. 1). The construction was based on the activity of 178 neurons. DPAs were computed in the time interval between 40 and 65 msec after stimulus onset corresponding to the peak responses in the PSTHs. The activation level is shown in a color scale normalized to maximal activation separatel ...
... (compare Fig. 1). The construction was based on the activity of 178 neurons. DPAs were computed in the time interval between 40 and 65 msec after stimulus onset corresponding to the peak responses in the PSTHs. The activation level is shown in a color scale normalized to maximal activation separatel ...
a needle into the sub- and the dorsal funiculi. Preganglionic
... Neuronal Architecture of Spinal Gray Matter As ...
... Neuronal Architecture of Spinal Gray Matter As ...
KISHORE Aswathy - School of Computing
... a scene where everything is either black or white, an object in a colour such as bright yellow would draw our attention to it. Similarly, suppose we are shown a scene in which an object each is present for each of the seven colours. If we are instructed to look at the yellow object in the scene, our ...
... a scene where everything is either black or white, an object in a colour such as bright yellow would draw our attention to it. Similarly, suppose we are shown a scene in which an object each is present for each of the seven colours. If we are instructed to look at the yellow object in the scene, our ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.