Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
Layer III Neurons Control Synchronized Waves in the Immature
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
... Correlated spiking activity prevails in immature cortical networks and is believed to contribute to neuronal circuit maturation; however, its spatiotemporal organization is not fully understood. Using wide-field calcium imaging from acute whole-brain slices of rat pups on postnatal days 1– 6, we fou ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
... on the mushroom bodies have been carried out in the context of olfactory processing and learning, for the mushroom bodies are the main target neuropil of olfactory projection interneurons that originate in the glomerular antenna1 lobes (Christensen and Hildebrand, 1987; Masson and Mustaparta, 1990). ...
Document
... These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 49 - Nervous Systems
... ! These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams ! Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration ...
... ! These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams ! Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration ...
Hypothesized Deficiency of Guanine
... be measured in humans in vivo with the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand b-carbomethoxy-3b-4-fluorophenyltropane (CFT; WIN-35,428). This ligand has been used to study the degeneration of dopaminergic nerve terminals, particularly in the caudate and putamen. Six adult patients (age range 19–35 ...
... be measured in humans in vivo with the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand b-carbomethoxy-3b-4-fluorophenyltropane (CFT; WIN-35,428). This ligand has been used to study the degeneration of dopaminergic nerve terminals, particularly in the caudate and putamen. Six adult patients (age range 19–35 ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... phase of the behavioral sequence (post ecdysis), alternating left-right contractions and then posteriorly directed movements produce a body with the external shape of an adult fly (Kim et al., 2006; Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003). Each of these phases has a stereotyped duration and pattern of ...
... phase of the behavioral sequence (post ecdysis), alternating left-right contractions and then posteriorly directed movements produce a body with the external shape of an adult fly (Kim et al., 2006; Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003). Each of these phases has a stereotyped duration and pattern of ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... The taste intensity ratings (using a visual analog scale anchored at ⫺2 for very weak and ⫹2 for very intense) taken in the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensi ...
... The taste intensity ratings (using a visual analog scale anchored at ⫺2 for very weak and ⫹2 for very intense) taken in the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensi ...
Document
... … the amount of information coming down the optic nerve estimated to be in the range of 108 ~ 109 bits per second far exceeds what the brain is capable of fully processing and assimilating into conscious experience … ...
... … the amount of information coming down the optic nerve estimated to be in the range of 108 ~ 109 bits per second far exceeds what the brain is capable of fully processing and assimilating into conscious experience … ...
1 Platonic model of mind as an approximation to neurodynamics
... Quantum mechanics has been very successful in description of normal matter giving detailed description of interactions of atoms and molecules. Some authors, such as Penrose [28], Stapp [29] or Eccles [30] argue that without quantum mechanics we cannot understand the unity of human experience. This ...
... Quantum mechanics has been very successful in description of normal matter giving detailed description of interactions of atoms and molecules. Some authors, such as Penrose [28], Stapp [29] or Eccles [30] argue that without quantum mechanics we cannot understand the unity of human experience. This ...
Implications of Polychronous Neuronal Groups for the Nature of Mental Representations
... it is important to understand how they are generated and propagated. An individual neuron remains at its resting potential until it receives, or “observes”, a sufficient number of spikes in a short enough period of time, at which point this coincident input causes the neuron to generate an action po ...
... it is important to understand how they are generated and propagated. An individual neuron remains at its resting potential until it receives, or “observes”, a sufficient number of spikes in a short enough period of time, at which point this coincident input causes the neuron to generate an action po ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... of MRI data indicate that although microstructural changes in the white matter are significant (Raz et al., 1990; Wahlund et al., 1990), there is no significant age-related loss of the total white matter volume (e.g. Jernigan et al., 1990; Pfefferbaum et al., 1992, 1994; Raz et al., 1993a; Blatter e ...
... of MRI data indicate that although microstructural changes in the white matter are significant (Raz et al., 1990; Wahlund et al., 1990), there is no significant age-related loss of the total white matter volume (e.g. Jernigan et al., 1990; Pfefferbaum et al., 1992, 1994; Raz et al., 1993a; Blatter e ...
Page SCH 23390 SCH 23390 is a synthetic compound that
... Pretreatment with the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg SC) or the D2 antagonist eticlopride (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg SC) attenuated the disruptive effects of apomorphine. These results indicate that selective blockade of either the D1 or D2 receptor subtype is sufficient in reversing the ...
... Pretreatment with the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg SC) or the D2 antagonist eticlopride (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg SC) attenuated the disruptive effects of apomorphine. These results indicate that selective blockade of either the D1 or D2 receptor subtype is sufficient in reversing the ...
Brain oscillations and memory - Wellcome Trust Centre for
... improved object decoding compared to spike-rate alone. Also, maximal information in spikes about the identity of the first presented object was found in an earlier phase of the 32 Hz LFP cycle than information about the second object. This was accompanied by a significant modulation of the amplitude ...
... improved object decoding compared to spike-rate alone. Also, maximal information in spikes about the identity of the first presented object was found in an earlier phase of the 32 Hz LFP cycle than information about the second object. This was accompanied by a significant modulation of the amplitude ...
Synaptic Specificity in Frog Sympathetic Ganglia During
... section of Results, I verify that, for the most part, these features also apply in Rana pipiens. Denervation. Frogs were anesthetized by immersion in a 1.3 gm/liter solution of tricaine methanesulfonate (Sigma). The skin and muscle wall were cut 3-4 mm ventral to the pelvic protuberance, and the per ...
... section of Results, I verify that, for the most part, these features also apply in Rana pipiens. Denervation. Frogs were anesthetized by immersion in a 1.3 gm/liter solution of tricaine methanesulfonate (Sigma). The skin and muscle wall were cut 3-4 mm ventral to the pelvic protuberance, and the per ...
Information processing in a neuron ensemble with the multiplicative
... Furthermore, the present study also investigates the important issue, the difference in decoding accuracy by the faithful and unfaithful models (Nakahara & Amari, 2002; Wu et al., 2001, 2002a). The definition of the Fisher information implicitly poses the assumption that decoding is carried out by u ...
... Furthermore, the present study also investigates the important issue, the difference in decoding accuracy by the faithful and unfaithful models (Nakahara & Amari, 2002; Wu et al., 2001, 2002a). The definition of the Fisher information implicitly poses the assumption that decoding is carried out by u ...
Way SW, McKenna J 3rd, Mietzsch U, Reith RM, Wu HC, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009 Apr 1; 18(7):1252-65.
... and died from seizures by 3 months of life. Generation of a neuron-specific deletion of Tsc1 using a synapsin-Cre driver also produced severely compromised animals that died within a few months of life from seizures (37,38). There is some discrepancy as to whether these animals exhibit histologic ab ...
... and died from seizures by 3 months of life. Generation of a neuron-specific deletion of Tsc1 using a synapsin-Cre driver also produced severely compromised animals that died within a few months of life from seizures (37,38). There is some discrepancy as to whether these animals exhibit histologic ab ...
Projections from the brain to the spinal cord in the mouse Huazheng
... pathways has been studied in a wide variety of mammals. The best known centers that give origin to these pathways are the cerebral cortex (Miller 1987; Nudo and Masterton 1988; 1990; Galea and Darian-Smith 1994), the red nucleus (Pompeiano and Brodal 1957; Nyberg-Hansen and Brodal 1964; Carlton et a ...
... pathways has been studied in a wide variety of mammals. The best known centers that give origin to these pathways are the cerebral cortex (Miller 1987; Nudo and Masterton 1988; 1990; Galea and Darian-Smith 1994), the red nucleus (Pompeiano and Brodal 1957; Nyberg-Hansen and Brodal 1964; Carlton et a ...
Uygar Sümbül - Department of Statistics
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
... Single-unit and array recordings are obtained from the primate motor cortex during episodic reaching tasks. Dynamical system models are devised to predict the cortical activity and relate it to observed behavior. • Comparing neuronal arbors in entirety (with Prof. Sebastian Seung and Prof. Hermann C ...
Monkey Models of Recovery of Voluntary Hand
... used in our laboratory over the last several years. The review also describes macaque monkey models of injuries to the more central cervical spine (e.g., hemisection, dorsal column) that illustrate methods to assess postlesion hand function and that relate it to neurophysiological and neuroanatomica ...
... used in our laboratory over the last several years. The review also describes macaque monkey models of injuries to the more central cervical spine (e.g., hemisection, dorsal column) that illustrate methods to assess postlesion hand function and that relate it to neurophysiological and neuroanatomica ...
MS Word DOC - AvianBrain.org
... details of cell migration, layering, connectivity, etc). The particular cell populations that originate within the homologous fields can be compared secondarily for similarity, or for more detailed levels of homology (i.e., as characteristic cell types), by analyzing other features, such as differen ...
... details of cell migration, layering, connectivity, etc). The particular cell populations that originate within the homologous fields can be compared secondarily for similarity, or for more detailed levels of homology (i.e., as characteristic cell types), by analyzing other features, such as differen ...
Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory at the AIS?
... different cellular compartments. They showed that EGABA at the AIS was much more positive than in the somatodendritic compartment, therefore suggesting that the input was depolarising. This difference was abolished using the chloride influx transporter blocker NKCC1, again suggesting a high intra ...
... different cellular compartments. They showed that EGABA at the AIS was much more positive than in the somatodendritic compartment, therefore suggesting that the input was depolarising. This difference was abolished using the chloride influx transporter blocker NKCC1, again suggesting a high intra ...
“Parcelation of the White Matter Using DTI: Insights into the
... images where it crosses the midline as a compact cylindrical bundle between anterior and posterior columns of the fornix beneath the septum pelucidum and anterior to the third ventricle, shaped like the handlebars of a bicycle. On DTI reconstructions two types of fibers can be recognised: a) olfacto ...
... images where it crosses the midline as a compact cylindrical bundle between anterior and posterior columns of the fornix beneath the septum pelucidum and anterior to the third ventricle, shaped like the handlebars of a bicycle. On DTI reconstructions two types of fibers can be recognised: a) olfacto ...
Somatic regions Limbic These functionally distinct
... 5) At the base of the midbrain (ventral side) one finds a fiber bundle that shows great differences in relative size in different species. Give examples. What are the fibers called and where do they originate? 8) A decussating group of axons called the brachium conjunctivum also varies greatly in ...
... 5) At the base of the midbrain (ventral side) one finds a fiber bundle that shows great differences in relative size in different species. Give examples. What are the fibers called and where do they originate? 8) A decussating group of axons called the brachium conjunctivum also varies greatly in ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.