Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
... Numerous, novel sex differences in gene expression patterns within the MeA, mPOA, VMH and BNST have been identified [10]. Using genome-wide expression profiling in conjunction with in situ hybridization, we discovered that the regulation of sexually dimorphic gene expression patterns is complex as m ...
Mitotic Spindle Regulation by Nde1 Controls Cerebral
... (D) Sagittal sections that show the Nde1⫺/⫺ hippocampus is of normal size and structure, and the thinning of cerebral cortex is observed throughout the entire brain. (E) Sagittal sections of Nde1⫹/⫺ and Nde1⫺/⫺ brain, which show an essentially normal cerebellum in the Nde1⫺/⫺ mice. (F) Weight compar ...
... (D) Sagittal sections that show the Nde1⫺/⫺ hippocampus is of normal size and structure, and the thinning of cerebral cortex is observed throughout the entire brain. (E) Sagittal sections of Nde1⫹/⫺ and Nde1⫺/⫺ brain, which show an essentially normal cerebellum in the Nde1⫺/⫺ mice. (F) Weight compar ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... evoked responses turn out to be normal in WMS subjects, indicating that auditory hyperexcitability does not occur at the brainstem level. However, data from an auditory recovery paradigm suggest a possible cortical mechanism; WMS subjects are indistinguishable from normal controls on a visual recove ...
... evoked responses turn out to be normal in WMS subjects, indicating that auditory hyperexcitability does not occur at the brainstem level. However, data from an auditory recovery paradigm suggest a possible cortical mechanism; WMS subjects are indistinguishable from normal controls on a visual recove ...
Ectopic expression of either the Drosophila
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to responses to stimuli. When this response becomes enhanced, this can lead to pain. I have used computational modelling as a tool for studying hyperexcitability in neurons in the central nervous system in order to address mechanisms of epilep ...
... epilepsy. In C–fibers, excitability controls sensitivity to responses to stimuli. When this response becomes enhanced, this can lead to pain. I have used computational modelling as a tool for studying hyperexcitability in neurons in the central nervous system in order to address mechanisms of epilep ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... Dan H Sanes, Thomas A Reh, William A Harris. Development of the Nervous System 2005 – Chapter 8 ...
... Dan H Sanes, Thomas A Reh, William A Harris. Development of the Nervous System 2005 – Chapter 8 ...
Chapter 14: Autonomic Nervous System
... Pain stimuli arising from the viscera are perceived as somatic in origin This may be due to the fact that visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers ...
... Pain stimuli arising from the viscera are perceived as somatic in origin This may be due to the fact that visceral pain afferents travel along the same pathways as somatic pain fibers ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... Twelve Ce-sham-operated, 20 Ce-lesioned, 12 BST-sham-operated and 20 BST-lesioned animals, which were implanted with a morphine pellet, were used in the CPA experiments. Apparatus. CPA was conducted as previously described (Watanabe et al., 2002a). The place conditioning apparatus consisted of a shu ...
... Twelve Ce-sham-operated, 20 Ce-lesioned, 12 BST-sham-operated and 20 BST-lesioned animals, which were implanted with a morphine pellet, were used in the CPA experiments. Apparatus. CPA was conducted as previously described (Watanabe et al., 2002a). The place conditioning apparatus consisted of a shu ...
Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... • Cheyne–Stokes breathing is irregular. The depth of breathing periodically becomes gradually deeper and then gradually more shallow. It is caused by a delayed response of respiratory neurons to changes in blood gases resulting in an overshooting reaction. It occurs when there is hypoperfusion of th ...
... • Cheyne–Stokes breathing is irregular. The depth of breathing periodically becomes gradually deeper and then gradually more shallow. It is caused by a delayed response of respiratory neurons to changes in blood gases resulting in an overshooting reaction. It occurs when there is hypoperfusion of th ...
Pathophysiology of breathing
... • Cheyne–Stokes breathing is irregular. The depth of breathing periodically becomes gradually deeper and then gradually more shallow. It is caused by a delayed response of respiratory neurons to changes in blood gases resulting in an overshooting reaction. It occurs when there is hypoperfusion of th ...
... • Cheyne–Stokes breathing is irregular. The depth of breathing periodically becomes gradually deeper and then gradually more shallow. It is caused by a delayed response of respiratory neurons to changes in blood gases resulting in an overshooting reaction. It occurs when there is hypoperfusion of th ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... in terms of actual neuronal computations. The actual neuronal computations in a particular cortical area can be investigated in experimental studies in behaving monkeys performing appropriate cognitive tasks while the activity of single neurons in the area of interest is being recorded. Furthermore, ...
... in terms of actual neuronal computations. The actual neuronal computations in a particular cortical area can be investigated in experimental studies in behaving monkeys performing appropriate cognitive tasks while the activity of single neurons in the area of interest is being recorded. Furthermore, ...
Spinal nerves, cervical, lumbar and sacral plexus
... from stimulus (pain or pressure): – e.g., flexor reflex: • pulls hand away from hot stove ...
... from stimulus (pain or pressure): – e.g., flexor reflex: • pulls hand away from hot stove ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... This article forms part of a special issue of Biological Cybernetics entitled “Structural Aspects of Biological Cybernetics: Valentino Braitenberg, Neuroanatomy, and Brain Function”. ...
... This article forms part of a special issue of Biological Cybernetics entitled “Structural Aspects of Biological Cybernetics: Valentino Braitenberg, Neuroanatomy, and Brain Function”. ...
Inan et al., 2006
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
The Angelman syndrome ubiquitin ligase localizes to the synapse
... Loss of function of the maternally inherited allele for the UBE3A ubiquitin ligase gene causes Angelman syndrome (AS), which is characterized by severe neurological impairment and motor dysfunction. In addition, UBE3A lies within chromosome 15q11 –q13 region, where maternal, but not paternal, duplic ...
... Loss of function of the maternally inherited allele for the UBE3A ubiquitin ligase gene causes Angelman syndrome (AS), which is characterized by severe neurological impairment and motor dysfunction. In addition, UBE3A lies within chromosome 15q11 –q13 region, where maternal, but not paternal, duplic ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... precentral sulcus @PCS),and the ventral premotor area (PMv), which is in and adjacent to the caudal bank of the arcuate sulcus (ArS) at its inferior limb. In subsequent reports, we will present our findings on the origin of corticospinal projections from (1) the premotor areas on the medial wall of ...
... precentral sulcus @PCS),and the ventral premotor area (PMv), which is in and adjacent to the caudal bank of the arcuate sulcus (ArS) at its inferior limb. In subsequent reports, we will present our findings on the origin of corticospinal projections from (1) the premotor areas on the medial wall of ...
Chapter 1: The Muscle Spindle and the Central
... fibers. It feeds back information on the length of the muscle spindle and on the speed or velocity of muscle stretch (phasic response). This end organ is supplied by a fairly large sensory neuron (17 microns in diameter) which has a rapid conduction speed compared with the conduction rate of the sm ...
... fibers. It feeds back information on the length of the muscle spindle and on the speed or velocity of muscle stretch (phasic response). This end organ is supplied by a fairly large sensory neuron (17 microns in diameter) which has a rapid conduction speed compared with the conduction rate of the sm ...
NUCLEI-SPECIFIC RESPONSE TO PAIN IN THE BED NUCLEUS OF THE By
... the ventromedial (vAM) nucleus of the BST, a finding not evident in naïve or ...
... the ventromedial (vAM) nucleus of the BST, a finding not evident in naïve or ...
Slide 1
... Masticatory muscle receptors V2 mesencephalic nucleus bilateral projections from afferent collaterals trigeminal motor nucleus ...
... Masticatory muscle receptors V2 mesencephalic nucleus bilateral projections from afferent collaterals trigeminal motor nucleus ...
The Neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud
... Freud begins with a first postulate. He calls this inertia, which in many respects is similar to what we today know as homeostasis. Inertia is homeostasis in its baldest form: an organism, when stimulated, attempts to get rid of that stimulation, i.e., to return to the unstimulated condition. By inv ...
... Freud begins with a first postulate. He calls this inertia, which in many respects is similar to what we today know as homeostasis. Inertia is homeostasis in its baldest form: an organism, when stimulated, attempts to get rid of that stimulation, i.e., to return to the unstimulated condition. By inv ...
Visuomotor development
... Sensorimotor coordination has been an active research topic for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence over the last decade. The integration of sensory information for movement guidance represents perhaps the most basic operation that a nervous (or artificial) system must solve (Churchland an ...
... Sensorimotor coordination has been an active research topic for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence over the last decade. The integration of sensory information for movement guidance represents perhaps the most basic operation that a nervous (or artificial) system must solve (Churchland an ...
The cortical language circuit: from auditory perception to sentence
... the references therein). The studies on syntactic complexity reviewed in [5] indicated activation in BA 44 and in the posterior portion of BA 45. It appears that reordering of clearly marked phrases mainly involves the pars opercularis (BA 44), whereas the (re)computation of arguments that are moved ...
... the references therein). The studies on syntactic complexity reviewed in [5] indicated activation in BA 44 and in the posterior portion of BA 45. It appears that reordering of clearly marked phrases mainly involves the pars opercularis (BA 44), whereas the (re)computation of arguments that are moved ...
Diverse functions of perineuronal nets
... These results indicate that tenascin-R is essential for ECM proteoglycans to form the lattice-like structure (Weber et al. 1999, Haunso et al. 2000). It appears that precise timing of the CS proteoglycans expression seems to be specific for both cortical areas and particular cortical layers. For exa ...
... These results indicate that tenascin-R is essential for ECM proteoglycans to form the lattice-like structure (Weber et al. 1999, Haunso et al. 2000). It appears that precise timing of the CS proteoglycans expression seems to be specific for both cortical areas and particular cortical layers. For exa ...
29.4 Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The
... • The brain stem has three parts. – midbrain controls some reflexes – pons regulates breathing – medulla oblongata connects the brain and spinal cord and controls heart function, swallowing, coughing, vomiting ...
... • The brain stem has three parts. – midbrain controls some reflexes – pons regulates breathing – medulla oblongata connects the brain and spinal cord and controls heart function, swallowing, coughing, vomiting ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.