Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... multisynaptic hippocampal circuits (Amaral and Witter, 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscill ...
... multisynaptic hippocampal circuits (Amaral and Witter, 1989), processing of information occurs during macroscopic oscillations (Buzsaki and Chrobak, 1995). Studying the contribution of the individual hippocampal regions to the overall performance is difficult during oscillatory states because oscill ...
Understanding the Brain - NSTA Learning Center
... to know how marijuana works. You tell them that the THC in “pot” works similarly to morphine. It binds to a target to change the neuron firing rate. Which is the target and what happens to the firing ...
... to know how marijuana works. You tell them that the THC in “pot” works similarly to morphine. It binds to a target to change the neuron firing rate. Which is the target and what happens to the firing ...
Synapses formed by normal and abnormal hippocampal mossy fibers
... dentate granule cells form characteristic synaptic connections with large spines or excrescences of both hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interneurons of the hilar region and area CA3 are also prominent targets of mossy fibers. The tracing of biocytin-filled mossy fibers and immunolabeli ...
... dentate granule cells form characteristic synaptic connections with large spines or excrescences of both hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interneurons of the hilar region and area CA3 are also prominent targets of mossy fibers. The tracing of biocytin-filled mossy fibers and immunolabeli ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... theory of chaining proposed by Sherrington (1906). For Sherrington, chaining was a set of sensory driven reflexes, with an emphasis on low-level responses generated by the spinal cord. The reflex chains described by Sherrington emerged irrespective of any desire to solve a problem or achieve a desired ...
... theory of chaining proposed by Sherrington (1906). For Sherrington, chaining was a set of sensory driven reflexes, with an emphasis on low-level responses generated by the spinal cord. The reflex chains described by Sherrington emerged irrespective of any desire to solve a problem or achieve a desired ...
Using Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Recognition
... In the neural network computational model, the signals that travel along the axons (e.g., x0 ) interact multiplicatively (e.g., w 0x0 ) with the dendrites of the other neuron based on the synaptic strength at that synapse (e.g., w 0 ). Synaptic weights are learnable and control the influence of one ...
... In the neural network computational model, the signals that travel along the axons (e.g., x0 ) interact multiplicatively (e.g., w 0x0 ) with the dendrites of the other neuron based on the synaptic strength at that synapse (e.g., w 0 ). Synaptic weights are learnable and control the influence of one ...
Central nervous System Lesions Leading to Disability
... afferent fibers bifurcate and travel in rostral and caudal directions, sending off terminals at various segmental levels. The motor neurons lie in the ventral horn. Those innervating a single muscle are collectively called a motor neuron pool. The motor neuron pools are segregated into longitudinal ...
... afferent fibers bifurcate and travel in rostral and caudal directions, sending off terminals at various segmental levels. The motor neurons lie in the ventral horn. Those innervating a single muscle are collectively called a motor neuron pool. The motor neuron pools are segregated into longitudinal ...
File
... somatosensory and motor cortex? a) Neurons are arranged according to the part of the body that generates the sensory input. b) Neurons are arranged according to the part of the body that receives the motor commands. c) The cortical surface area devoted to each body part is proportional to the size o ...
... somatosensory and motor cortex? a) Neurons are arranged according to the part of the body that generates the sensory input. b) Neurons are arranged according to the part of the body that receives the motor commands. c) The cortical surface area devoted to each body part is proportional to the size o ...
Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role
... The details of the BG model are described in Frank (2005a, 2005b). In brief, the premotor cortex represents and “considers” two possible responses (R1 and R2) for each input stimulus. The BG system modulates which one of these responses is facilitated and which is suppressed by signaling Go or NoGo ...
... The details of the BG model are described in Frank (2005a, 2005b). In brief, the premotor cortex represents and “considers” two possible responses (R1 and R2) for each input stimulus. The BG system modulates which one of these responses is facilitated and which is suppressed by signaling Go or NoGo ...
Posterior White Column
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
The Spinal Cord
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Document
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
... to lamina IV, these tracts cells are also known as the Nucleus Proprius (e.g. spinal thalamic tract or anterolateral system; pain and temperature, some tactile) • Receives afferent input from dorsal roots and descending fibers, most importantly Corticospinal ...
Localization of Ca2+ Channel Subtypes on Rat Spinal Motor
... also provide an opportunity for analysis of the distribution of Ca 21 channels in the central cell body and dendrites compared with the peripheral nerve terminals of a single class of neurons. In these experiments, we have used specific antibodies to define the distribution of five C a 21 channel su ...
... also provide an opportunity for analysis of the distribution of Ca 21 channels in the central cell body and dendrites compared with the peripheral nerve terminals of a single class of neurons. In these experiments, we have used specific antibodies to define the distribution of five C a 21 channel su ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS16262 and NSF grant BNS-8216608. This paper was presented as part of the Motor Control instructional course at the Fifty-Ninth Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy ...
... This work was supported in part by NIH grant NS16262 and NSF grant BNS-8216608. This paper was presented as part of the Motor Control instructional course at the Fifty-Ninth Annual Conference of the American Physical Therapy ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... the isolated neuron can be checked electrophysiologically as well as visually in the intact ganglion prior to removal. The second primary difference between Aplysia cell culture techniques and those used for Lymnaea or Helisoma is the nature of the additives to the cell culture media to promote robu ...
... the isolated neuron can be checked electrophysiologically as well as visually in the intact ganglion prior to removal. The second primary difference between Aplysia cell culture techniques and those used for Lymnaea or Helisoma is the nature of the additives to the cell culture media to promote robu ...
RHYTHM GENERATION IN SPINAL CULTURES: IS IT THE
... formation and refinement of neuronal projections. In the spinal cord, however, little is known about its role in development. Nevertheless, some effort has been taken mainly by the group of Michael O’Donovan to reveal the mechanisms involved in such embryonic rhythm generation (O'Donovan, 1999). The ...
... formation and refinement of neuronal projections. In the spinal cord, however, little is known about its role in development. Nevertheless, some effort has been taken mainly by the group of Michael O’Donovan to reveal the mechanisms involved in such embryonic rhythm generation (O'Donovan, 1999). The ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... likely that they will fire together in the future, even if only a subset of the cell assembly gets excited by an incomplete stimulus. For example, if we observe a bird singing a characteristic song, we will later be able to identify the type of bird if we only hear its song. Around 20 years after Heb ...
... likely that they will fire together in the future, even if only a subset of the cell assembly gets excited by an incomplete stimulus. For example, if we observe a bird singing a characteristic song, we will later be able to identify the type of bird if we only hear its song. Around 20 years after Heb ...
Weight Regulation Activity
... mutation, obese (ob), was discovered that caused mice to become morbidly overweight. Later, a second mutation, diabetic (db), was also discovered in which the phenotype included excessive overeating and weight gain, similar to that seen in the obese mutant. It wasn’t until the 1990s that the mechani ...
... mutation, obese (ob), was discovered that caused mice to become morbidly overweight. Later, a second mutation, diabetic (db), was also discovered in which the phenotype included excessive overeating and weight gain, similar to that seen in the obese mutant. It wasn’t until the 1990s that the mechani ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... neurons, despite expression of the neurofibromin/Ras in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.3,6 The specificity of this phenotype is further surprising, given that it is not recapitulated in other mouse models in which Ras-ERK signaling is upregulated, such as mouse models for Noonan syndrome and C ...
... neurons, despite expression of the neurofibromin/Ras in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.3,6 The specificity of this phenotype is further surprising, given that it is not recapitulated in other mouse models in which Ras-ERK signaling is upregulated, such as mouse models for Noonan syndrome and C ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... usually complain of fever and severe headaches, as well as neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
... usually complain of fever and severe headaches, as well as neck stiffness and pain. Depending on the primary cause, meningitis may be mild and self-limiting or may progress to a severe, perhaps fatal, condition. If only the spinal meninges are involved, the condition is called spinal meningitis. ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... It is widely held that slowly activating, voltagedependent currents play a key role in producing the bursting rhythm of R15. Previous studies on this topic have focused on two transient currents, designated ID (depolarizing) and IH (hyperpolarizing), both of which increment by a fixed amount after e ...
... It is widely held that slowly activating, voltagedependent currents play a key role in producing the bursting rhythm of R15. Previous studies on this topic have focused on two transient currents, designated ID (depolarizing) and IH (hyperpolarizing), both of which increment by a fixed amount after e ...
Sherman_PPT_Chapter2
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; an ...
... This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; an ...
Chapter 2 - Monsignor Farrell High School
... © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... © 2015, 2012, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
Rapid changes in protein synthesis and cell size in the cochlear
... The changes in protein synthesis (Steward and Rubel, '85) in NM neurons occur as early as 30 minutes after deafferentation. This rapid effect suggests that at least one regulatory signal affecting the postsynaptic neuron is the activity of presynaptic elements. Similar changes in the second order au ...
... The changes in protein synthesis (Steward and Rubel, '85) in NM neurons occur as early as 30 minutes after deafferentation. This rapid effect suggests that at least one regulatory signal affecting the postsynaptic neuron is the activity of presynaptic elements. Similar changes in the second order au ...
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
PDF
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.