Tracking the Emergence of Conceptual Knowledge during Human
... nonspatial), even at liberal thresholds (i.e., p < 0.01 uncorrected), we collapsed across this factor for all subsequent analyses (see Supplemental Results). We first conducted an analysis designed to identify the overall brain network associated with proficient performance on learning trials. As a ...
... nonspatial), even at liberal thresholds (i.e., p < 0.01 uncorrected), we collapsed across this factor for all subsequent analyses (see Supplemental Results). We first conducted an analysis designed to identify the overall brain network associated with proficient performance on learning trials. As a ...
Do superior colliculus projection zones in the inferior pulvinar
... colliculus were labelled in this case. A somewhat smaller zone of dense label was found in Case 96-89 (Fig. 3A). While the densely labelled zone included all but the most rostral part of the medial superior colliculus, less of the rostrolateral superior colliculus was included. Yet, projections woul ...
... colliculus were labelled in this case. A somewhat smaller zone of dense label was found in Case 96-89 (Fig. 3A). While the densely labelled zone included all but the most rostral part of the medial superior colliculus, less of the rostrolateral superior colliculus was included. Yet, projections woul ...
Presentazione standard di PowerPoint
... connecting the structure of the organ to its function and vice versa. For i.e. a muscle exerts a mechanical action, as there are molecules that slide over each other and receive chemical energy from other molecules and clearly identified ...
... connecting the structure of the organ to its function and vice versa. For i.e. a muscle exerts a mechanical action, as there are molecules that slide over each other and receive chemical energy from other molecules and clearly identified ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Unique Roles of the Sympathetic Division • The adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels receive only sympathetic fibers • The sympathetic division controls • Thermoregulatory responses to heat • Release of renin from the kidneys • Metabolic effects • Inc ...
... Unique Roles of the Sympathetic Division • The adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels receive only sympathetic fibers • The sympathetic division controls • Thermoregulatory responses to heat • Release of renin from the kidneys • Metabolic effects • Inc ...
Zn2 Slows Down CaV3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for
... 1999), carrying more slowly inactivating currents such as those recorded in nRT cells (Huguenard and Prince 1992). As these different isoforms have specific kinetic properties, neuron behavior will depend on the type of T-current it expresses. Specifically, because slow inactivating CaV3.3 channels ...
... 1999), carrying more slowly inactivating currents such as those recorded in nRT cells (Huguenard and Prince 1992). As these different isoforms have specific kinetic properties, neuron behavior will depend on the type of T-current it expresses. Specifically, because slow inactivating CaV3.3 channels ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... hnRNPA2 (Muslimov et al., 2011). In a recent study, the guanine (G)-quadruplex structures present in the 30 UTRs of CaMKIIa and PSD95 mRNAs were shown to direct these transcripts into dendrites (Subramanian et al., 2011). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the RNA structure adopted by th ...
... hnRNPA2 (Muslimov et al., 2011). In a recent study, the guanine (G)-quadruplex structures present in the 30 UTRs of CaMKIIa and PSD95 mRNAs were shown to direct these transcripts into dendrites (Subramanian et al., 2011). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the RNA structure adopted by th ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... current reward. In our task, we were even able to establish the learning rate constant for this neuronal computation. When we attempted to determine whether the pattern of activity during this fixed postreward interval was sufficient for a simple reinforcement learning model, however, we found that ...
... current reward. In our task, we were even able to establish the learning rate constant for this neuronal computation. When we attempted to determine whether the pattern of activity during this fixed postreward interval was sufficient for a simple reinforcement learning model, however, we found that ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... from a number of primitive neurites. For instance, embryonic hippocampal neurons dissociated and cultured in vitro undergo characteristic stages of development. These cultured neurons initially send out several primitive neurites termed minor processes. One of these processes then exhibits rapid gro ...
... from a number of primitive neurites. For instance, embryonic hippocampal neurons dissociated and cultured in vitro undergo characteristic stages of development. These cultured neurons initially send out several primitive neurites termed minor processes. One of these processes then exhibits rapid gro ...
Nociceptors: the sensors of the pain pathway
... by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury-related chemicals, and transducing these stimuli into long-ranging electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers. The activation of functionally distinct cutaneous nociceptor populations and the processing of information they ...
... by detecting extremes in temperature and pressure and injury-related chemicals, and transducing these stimuli into long-ranging electrical signals that are relayed to higher brain centers. The activation of functionally distinct cutaneous nociceptor populations and the processing of information they ...
Scents and Sensibility: A Molecular Logic of Olfactory Perception
... endanger life and this cry became one of the major indictments of modern biology. These experiments raised endless debate because the idea that genes can be taken out of one organism and introduced into the chromosome of another is by itself upsetting. The very notion of the performance of recombina ...
... endanger life and this cry became one of the major indictments of modern biology. These experiments raised endless debate because the idea that genes can be taken out of one organism and introduced into the chromosome of another is by itself upsetting. The very notion of the performance of recombina ...
Pioneers of cortical plasticity: six classic papers by Wiesel and Hubel
... only 1 neuron responded to that eye. Normally, an eye dominates responses in the contralateral cortex. However, in an additional experiment where cortical neuron recordings were made contralateral to an eye that had only the thin nictitating membrane sewn across it for 5 months, LGN histology showed ...
... only 1 neuron responded to that eye. Normally, an eye dominates responses in the contralateral cortex. However, in an additional experiment where cortical neuron recordings were made contralateral to an eye that had only the thin nictitating membrane sewn across it for 5 months, LGN histology showed ...
The Mirror System, Imitation, and the Evolution of Language
... provided by the FARS model. The neurophysiological findings of the Sakata group on parietal cortex and the Rizzolatti group on premotor cortex indicate that parietal area AIP (the Anterior Intra-Parietal sulcus) and ventral premotor area F5 in monkey form key elements in a cortical circuit which tra ...
... provided by the FARS model. The neurophysiological findings of the Sakata group on parietal cortex and the Rizzolatti group on premotor cortex indicate that parietal area AIP (the Anterior Intra-Parietal sulcus) and ventral premotor area F5 in monkey form key elements in a cortical circuit which tra ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. The sound intensity was adjusted to 70 dB SPL at the floor of the cage. This tonal stimulus was repeated at 1 Hz throughout the exp ...
... an amplitude-modulated tone with a carrier frequency of 5 or 35 kHz and modulation frequency of 20 Hz. Duration of the tones was 500 ms, and a rise/fall time was 10 ms. The sound intensity was adjusted to 70 dB SPL at the floor of the cage. This tonal stimulus was repeated at 1 Hz throughout the exp ...
Adult Neural Stem Cells and Repair of the Adult
... (51,52). Recent in vitro studies have provided some insights into the cellular elements that may constitute a neurogenic niche in the neurogenic regions of the adult CNS. Cultured astrocytes derived from neurogenic hippocampus actively regulate neurogenesis by promoting proliferation and neuronal fa ...
... (51,52). Recent in vitro studies have provided some insights into the cellular elements that may constitute a neurogenic niche in the neurogenic regions of the adult CNS. Cultured astrocytes derived from neurogenic hippocampus actively regulate neurogenesis by promoting proliferation and neuronal fa ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... activity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex of patients implanted with depth electrodes and fMRI recordings from a separate group of healthy participants, and found that spiking activity was correlated with BOLD responses during presentations of naturalistic stimuli. Thus, in contrast to t ...
... activity of individual neurons in the auditory cortex of patients implanted with depth electrodes and fMRI recordings from a separate group of healthy participants, and found that spiking activity was correlated with BOLD responses during presentations of naturalistic stimuli. Thus, in contrast to t ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... rates of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) correlated with gross motor behavior [16], and had suggested that this correlation was indicative of a relatively direct, and causal, relationship between PTN activity and volitional movement [15]. Moreover, he reported evidence suggesting that the activity of ...
... rates of pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) correlated with gross motor behavior [16], and had suggested that this correlation was indicative of a relatively direct, and causal, relationship between PTN activity and volitional movement [15]. Moreover, he reported evidence suggesting that the activity of ...
Regional Differentiation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in
... • PVH innervates both NTS and motor nuclei of vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves ...
... • PVH innervates both NTS and motor nuclei of vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... contribute to local EEG considerably and others insignificantly. What is the contribution of volume conduction effect in this context? Firstly, volume conduction effect is distance dependent: the larger the distance of the recording electrode from the current source, the less informative the measure ...
... contribute to local EEG considerably and others insignificantly. What is the contribution of volume conduction effect in this context? Firstly, volume conduction effect is distance dependent: the larger the distance of the recording electrode from the current source, the less informative the measure ...
The physiological role of orexin/hypocretin neurons in the regulation
... as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors in the lateral hypothalamic area. They were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior, but they are mainly regarded as key modulators of the sleep/wakefulness cycle. Orexins activate orexin neurons, monoaminergic and choli ...
... as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors in the lateral hypothalamic area. They were initially recognized as regulators of feeding behavior, but they are mainly regarded as key modulators of the sleep/wakefulness cycle. Orexins activate orexin neurons, monoaminergic and choli ...
FREE Sample Here
... and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b. The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c. There are ...
... and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and can be visible to the human eye. b. The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c. There are ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
... were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was implanted subconjunctivally to measure eye position (Judge et al., ...
Phone a friend
... Phone a friend • Hello, it's Chris Tarrant on Who wants to be a millionaire, this question is for €500,000. • I think it is C or D. I’m nor sure which. Take a chance on D. Back to question ...
... Phone a friend • Hello, it's Chris Tarrant on Who wants to be a millionaire, this question is for €500,000. • I think it is C or D. I’m nor sure which. Take a chance on D. Back to question ...
ling411-13-FunctionalWebs - OWL-Space
... “…activation of the web, so to speak, completes itself as a result of the strong web-internal links. If the web of neurons is considered a memory representation of an object and each neuron to represent one particular feature of this object memory, the full ignition would be the neuronal correlate o ...
... “…activation of the web, so to speak, completes itself as a result of the strong web-internal links. If the web of neurons is considered a memory representation of an object and each neuron to represent one particular feature of this object memory, the full ignition would be the neuronal correlate o ...
Meaningful auditory information enhances perception of visual
... The previous experiment showed that auditory information, not informative on its own, can facilitate visual discrimination of tap dancing. This second experiment was designed to investigate summation between auditory and visual signals when both are informative, and at threshold. In order to do this ...
... The previous experiment showed that auditory information, not informative on its own, can facilitate visual discrimination of tap dancing. This second experiment was designed to investigate summation between auditory and visual signals when both are informative, and at threshold. In order to do this ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.