Nucleic Acids
... removes a water molecule in the process. • Hydrolysis: reaction breaks down a disaccharide by adding a water molecule to satisfy the exposed bonding sites on the two new monosaccharides. ...
... removes a water molecule in the process. • Hydrolysis: reaction breaks down a disaccharide by adding a water molecule to satisfy the exposed bonding sites on the two new monosaccharides. ...
Chapter 23 Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis, con`t.
... • Substrates include anything that can be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate . • Many of the reactions are the same as those in glycolysis. • All glycolytic reactions which are near equilibrium can operate in both directions. ...
... • Substrates include anything that can be converted to phosphoenolpyruvate . • Many of the reactions are the same as those in glycolysis. • All glycolytic reactions which are near equilibrium can operate in both directions. ...
Bil 255 – CMB
... “Beta-Oxidation Cycle” Four steps for these dehydrogenase enzymes... a) dehydrogenation w FAD --> FADH2 b) hydration - addition of water c) dehydration w NAD --> NADH ...
... “Beta-Oxidation Cycle” Four steps for these dehydrogenase enzymes... a) dehydrogenation w FAD --> FADH2 b) hydration - addition of water c) dehydration w NAD --> NADH ...
digestion
... *in case of protein glycogenic amino-acid could be used in energy , if insufficient CHO . *in case of fat broken to fatty acid &glycerol ,glycerol converted to glycogen in the liver . -the process of production of glucose from protein or fat is called gluconeogenesis. ...
... *in case of protein glycogenic amino-acid could be used in energy , if insufficient CHO . *in case of fat broken to fatty acid &glycerol ,glycerol converted to glycogen in the liver . -the process of production of glucose from protein or fat is called gluconeogenesis. ...
Document
... membrane couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis • The H+ gradient is referred to as a protonmotive force, emphasizing its capacity to do ...
... membrane couples the redox reactions of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis • The H+ gradient is referred to as a protonmotive force, emphasizing its capacity to do ...
Modeling of CHO Metabolism and Krebs Cycle Using Petri
... for the process of krebs cycle using Petri nets. The model represents an abstract description of dynamic system (in this case the process of krebs cycle). Simulation of a modeled process allows decisions to be pre-tested before implementation. Further more real-life laboratory experimentation or sta ...
... for the process of krebs cycle using Petri nets. The model represents an abstract description of dynamic system (in this case the process of krebs cycle). Simulation of a modeled process allows decisions to be pre-tested before implementation. Further more real-life laboratory experimentation or sta ...
Cell biology of carbohydrate metabolism
... were changed by the same degree (and if S were not limiting), then the flux would change by the same degree. ...
... were changed by the same degree (and if S were not limiting), then the flux would change by the same degree. ...
Cellular respiration - Lake City Public Schools High School
... CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule to form a six-carbon citrate molecule. In a series of events, the citrate reforms a four-carbon molecule. With each turn of the cycle, one ATP and two carbon dioxide molecules are released. NADH and FADH2 are also produced. The cycle must turn twice to proces ...
... CoA combines with a four-carbon molecule to form a six-carbon citrate molecule. In a series of events, the citrate reforms a four-carbon molecule. With each turn of the cycle, one ATP and two carbon dioxide molecules are released. NADH and FADH2 are also produced. The cycle must turn twice to proces ...
Chapter 19
... chemical energy of ATP, Peter Mitchell proposed the chemiosmotic theory that electron transport is accompanied by an accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion, which in turn creates osmotic pressure; the protons driven back to the mitochondrion under this pressure gener ...
... chemical energy of ATP, Peter Mitchell proposed the chemiosmotic theory that electron transport is accompanied by an accumulation of protons in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion, which in turn creates osmotic pressure; the protons driven back to the mitochondrion under this pressure gener ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Dietary Sources of Major Nutrients Basics of Cellular Respiration Metabolism of Carbos, Fats, and Protein Central Role of the Liver in Digestion/Metabolism Cholesterol and Lipid Transport Absorptive and Postabsorptive States Developmental Aspects of Metabolism ...
... Dietary Sources of Major Nutrients Basics of Cellular Respiration Metabolism of Carbos, Fats, and Protein Central Role of the Liver in Digestion/Metabolism Cholesterol and Lipid Transport Absorptive and Postabsorptive States Developmental Aspects of Metabolism ...
Energy systems of a runner. Presentation for Level
... Increases in the number, size and density of mitochondria Increases in the oxidative enzyme activity, which improves the rate at while delivered oxygen can be processed Greater perfusion of exerc. Muscles with blood vessels increases the amount of oxygen that can be provided and the amount of advers ...
... Increases in the number, size and density of mitochondria Increases in the oxidative enzyme activity, which improves the rate at while delivered oxygen can be processed Greater perfusion of exerc. Muscles with blood vessels increases the amount of oxygen that can be provided and the amount of advers ...
Bio102 Problems
... high-energy molecules produced by the Light-Dependent Reactions. But would it be possible for the Light-Dependent Reactions to continue if the Light-Independent Reactions were blocked? Why or why not? 22. Which complex (or complexes) is correctly described by each of the statements below? List all t ...
... high-energy molecules produced by the Light-Dependent Reactions. But would it be possible for the Light-Dependent Reactions to continue if the Light-Independent Reactions were blocked? Why or why not? 22. Which complex (or complexes) is correctly described by each of the statements below? List all t ...
Cellular Respiration chapt06
... Cells will use the energy in carbohydrates first. – Complex carbohydrates are metabolized into simple sugars. ...
... Cells will use the energy in carbohydrates first. – Complex carbohydrates are metabolized into simple sugars. ...
Describe
... during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
... during aerobic respiration. •Electron Transport Chain During aerobic respiration, large amounts of ATP are made in an electron transport chain. ...
Biochemistry PowerPoint
... up chemical reactions without being affected by the reactions themselves. Enzyme: a protein that increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. ...
... up chemical reactions without being affected by the reactions themselves. Enzyme: a protein that increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. ...
Butyrate formation from glucose by the rumen protozoon Dasytricha
... Production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-CoA: acetylCoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase, phosphate butyr ...
... Production of butyrate by the holotrich protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium involves the enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, acetyl-CoA: acetylCoA C-acetyltransferase, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA hydro-lyase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA reductase, phosphate butyr ...
humanbiolecture2
... uses the energy from diffusion to make ATP as they go into the inner compartment - makes 34 ATP and water from the rest of the glucose •Fats & proteins can also be used for energy •Fats carry more than twice the energy of carbohydrates •Triglycerides are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids •Glyc ...
... uses the energy from diffusion to make ATP as they go into the inner compartment - makes 34 ATP and water from the rest of the glucose •Fats & proteins can also be used for energy •Fats carry more than twice the energy of carbohydrates •Triglycerides are broken down to glycerol and fatty acids •Glyc ...
10/31
... Cysteine is then formed from H2S and used in the formation of other sulfur containing molecules ...
... Cysteine is then formed from H2S and used in the formation of other sulfur containing molecules ...
Slide 1
... homeostasis, to move, and to reproduce • Photosynthesis converts energy from the sun to glucose and O2 • Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and releases energy in ATP • Energy flows through an ecosystem; chemicals are recycled Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cum ...
... homeostasis, to move, and to reproduce • Photosynthesis converts energy from the sun to glucose and O2 • Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and releases energy in ATP • Energy flows through an ecosystem; chemicals are recycled Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cum ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑