Respiratory system
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PowerPoint Presentation - Nerve activates contraction
... Skeletal muscle and liver cells in animals Glycogen use: stored energy that is quickly available ...
... Skeletal muscle and liver cells in animals Glycogen use: stored energy that is quickly available ...
LECT23 Enz1
... 1. Enzyme: A protein or RNA molecule that has the property of a catalyst, sometimes called a biocatalyst. 2. Substrate: The target of the enzyme’s action. The molecule that will undergo chemical change as a result of the enzyme 3. Enzyme activity: A measure of the enzymes catalytic effectiveness as ...
... 1. Enzyme: A protein or RNA molecule that has the property of a catalyst, sometimes called a biocatalyst. 2. Substrate: The target of the enzyme’s action. The molecule that will undergo chemical change as a result of the enzyme 3. Enzyme activity: A measure of the enzymes catalytic effectiveness as ...
BIO 2440 Study Guide
... 20. Define metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, substrate level phosphorylation 21. What occurs during glycolysis and where it takes place. Does it require oxygen? 22. The TCA cycle: where it occurs, how it begins, what is produces 23. What happens to a pyruvic acid molecule ...
... 20. Define metabolism, catabolism, anabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, substrate level phosphorylation 21. What occurs during glycolysis and where it takes place. Does it require oxygen? 22. The TCA cycle: where it occurs, how it begins, what is produces 23. What happens to a pyruvic acid molecule ...
Human Metabolism: Macronutrients Instructors: Rosalind Coleman
... Schedule: This schedule is approximate for individual lecture topics and may be modified. DATE ...
... Schedule: This schedule is approximate for individual lecture topics and may be modified. DATE ...
1 - WordPress.com
... (A) It is present in an inactive form when epinephrine is elevated (B) It phosphorylates phosphorylase to an inactive form (C) It catalyzes a reaction that requires ATP (D) It is phosphorylated in response to elevated insulin (E) It is not affected by cAMP 5. In which compartment of the cell does gl ...
... (A) It is present in an inactive form when epinephrine is elevated (B) It phosphorylates phosphorylase to an inactive form (C) It catalyzes a reaction that requires ATP (D) It is phosphorylated in response to elevated insulin (E) It is not affected by cAMP 5. In which compartment of the cell does gl ...
chapt06HOv2.ppt
... Composed of ribose, adenine, three phosphate groups Adenosine diphospate (ADP) acceptor of free energy Cells produce ATP by adding Pi to ADP using energy Release energy from ATP to yield ADP and Pi ...
... Composed of ribose, adenine, three phosphate groups Adenosine diphospate (ADP) acceptor of free energy Cells produce ATP by adding Pi to ADP using energy Release energy from ATP to yield ADP and Pi ...
4. Liver and Gall Bladder
... • Atherosclerois (hardening of the arteries) is caused by deposition of a fatty, cholesterol-rich plaque inside arteries • Narrowing of the arteries results in increased blood pressure and can lead to complete occlusion, resulting in heart attack or stroke (depending on what arteries are affected) • ...
... • Atherosclerois (hardening of the arteries) is caused by deposition of a fatty, cholesterol-rich plaque inside arteries • Narrowing of the arteries results in increased blood pressure and can lead to complete occlusion, resulting in heart attack or stroke (depending on what arteries are affected) • ...
Supplemental Data and Figure
... then incubated in assay buffer (150 mM Tris · HCl, 0.75 mM EDTA, 0.75 mM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 1.5 mM thiamine pyrophosphate, 5 mM EGTA, 5 mM dichloroacetate, and 0.75 mM CoA), and the reaction was initiated by the addition of pyruvate. The reaction was terminated by perchloric acid. Sa ...
... then incubated in assay buffer (150 mM Tris · HCl, 0.75 mM EDTA, 0.75 mM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 1.5 mM thiamine pyrophosphate, 5 mM EGTA, 5 mM dichloroacetate, and 0.75 mM CoA), and the reaction was initiated by the addition of pyruvate. The reaction was terminated by perchloric acid. Sa ...
Metabolism of lipids
... Summary of the flow of electrons and protons through the four complexes of the respiratory chain. Electrons reach CoQ via Complexes I and II. CoQH2 serves as a mobile carrier of electrons and protons. It transfers electrons to Complex III, which transfers them to another mobile connecting link, cyto ...
... Summary of the flow of electrons and protons through the four complexes of the respiratory chain. Electrons reach CoQ via Complexes I and II. CoQH2 serves as a mobile carrier of electrons and protons. It transfers electrons to Complex III, which transfers them to another mobile connecting link, cyto ...
UAB DIVISION of Molecular and Cellular Pathology
... Emerging Hallmarks and Enabling Characteristics The capability to modify, or reprogram, cellular metabolism in order to most effectively support neoplastic proliferation. ...
... Emerging Hallmarks and Enabling Characteristics The capability to modify, or reprogram, cellular metabolism in order to most effectively support neoplastic proliferation. ...
H +
... Where is this process taking place? How do the electrons get shuttled down the ETC? How is electronegativity involved? What molecule is the final acceptor of the electrons? What is the byproduct that is generated during the ETC? The ETC does not generate ATP. What is it’s purpose? ...
... Where is this process taking place? How do the electrons get shuttled down the ETC? How is electronegativity involved? What molecule is the final acceptor of the electrons? What is the byproduct that is generated during the ETC? The ETC does not generate ATP. What is it’s purpose? ...
Metabolic Pathways
... • Metabolic pathways can be controlled by the switching on or off of the first enzyme in the pathway • If the first enzyme is switched off the rest of the pathway stops due to the lack of intermediates • The first enzyme can be inhibited by high levels of the final product from the pathway ...
... • Metabolic pathways can be controlled by the switching on or off of the first enzyme in the pathway • If the first enzyme is switched off the rest of the pathway stops due to the lack of intermediates • The first enzyme can be inhibited by high levels of the final product from the pathway ...
AP Bio - Semester 1 Review
... bonds is why this is the UNIVERSAL energy source (because it can be broken very quickly and releases lots of energy). Remember though, glucose has much more energy than ATP (1 glucose = 36 ATP). It’s just the glucose would take too long to break down to use immediately. o Phosphorylation – Removing ...
... bonds is why this is the UNIVERSAL energy source (because it can be broken very quickly and releases lots of energy). Remember though, glucose has much more energy than ATP (1 glucose = 36 ATP). It’s just the glucose would take too long to break down to use immediately. o Phosphorylation – Removing ...
energy for
... b. in animals: Lactic Acid Fermentation In both processes, NAD is recycled so glycolysis can continue… that is the primary goal Energy harvest by glycolysis can continue at a low rate. ...
... b. in animals: Lactic Acid Fermentation In both processes, NAD is recycled so glycolysis can continue… that is the primary goal Energy harvest by glycolysis can continue at a low rate. ...
CHAPTER-IV LIPID METABOLISM BETA
... = -2 ATP NET = 106 ATP For sources that use the larger ATP production numbers described above, the total would be 129 ATP ={(8-1)*17+12-2} equivalents per palmitate. Beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids changes the ATP yield due to the requirement of two possible additional enzymes. Ketogenesis ...
... = -2 ATP NET = 106 ATP For sources that use the larger ATP production numbers described above, the total would be 129 ATP ={(8-1)*17+12-2} equivalents per palmitate. Beta-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids changes the ATP yield due to the requirement of two possible additional enzymes. Ketogenesis ...
topic 3 igcse biology
... of the gut. The enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut, where they come into contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. e) Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These enzymes have many uses in the home and in ...
... of the gut. The enzymes then pass out of the cells into the gut, where they come into contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules. e) Some microorganisms produce enzymes that pass out of the cells. These enzymes have many uses in the home and in ...
annotated slides Power Point
... • Lack of insulin related to uncontrolled fat breakdown in adipose tissues • Excess b-oxidation of fatty acids results in ketone body formation. • Can often smell acetone on the breath of diabetics. • High levels of ketone bodies leads to condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. • Because ketone bo ...
... • Lack of insulin related to uncontrolled fat breakdown in adipose tissues • Excess b-oxidation of fatty acids results in ketone body formation. • Can often smell acetone on the breath of diabetics. • High levels of ketone bodies leads to condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. • Because ketone bo ...
Document
... Fig. 9.11 overview of citric acid cycle (NADH, FADH2, ATP and CO2 produced) Fig. 9.12 closer look at the Citric acid cycle 9.4 Oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis Most of the ATP is produced in this Step of cell respiration! Oxygen is the final electro ...
... Fig. 9.11 overview of citric acid cycle (NADH, FADH2, ATP and CO2 produced) Fig. 9.12 closer look at the Citric acid cycle 9.4 Oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis Most of the ATP is produced in this Step of cell respiration! Oxygen is the final electro ...
AP BIOLOGY Chapter 4 - Livonia Public Schools
... Use the correct numbering sequence to identify the number of this carbon ...
... Use the correct numbering sequence to identify the number of this carbon ...
Chapter 2 - Water - Technicalsymposium
... Occur between two oppositely charged particles. Strongest noncovalent force that occurs over greater distances. Can be weakened significantly by water molecules (can interfere with bonding). ...
... Occur between two oppositely charged particles. Strongest noncovalent force that occurs over greater distances. Can be weakened significantly by water molecules (can interfere with bonding). ...
Biology Chapter 4
... part of cellular respiration Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria 3 carbon molecules from glycolysis are broken down. A small number of ATP are made, along with other types of energy carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is given off as a waste ...
... part of cellular respiration Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria 3 carbon molecules from glycolysis are broken down. A small number of ATP are made, along with other types of energy carrying molecules. Carbon dioxide is given off as a waste ...
Class: X Subject: Biology Topic: Life processes No. of
... Ans. B Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a ...
... Ans. B Amylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and some other mammals, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain large amounts of starch but little sugar, such as rice and potatoes, may acquire a ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑