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Tumor metastasis-associated human MTA1 gene and its MTA1
Tumor metastasis-associated human MTA1 gene and its MTA1

... cells resulted in 10–20-fold increase in reporter expression over poorly MTA1-expressing cells. Since it was reported that nucleosome remodeling histone deacetylase complex (NuRD complex) involved in chromatin remodeling contains MTA1 protein and a MTA1-related protein (MTA2), we examined NuRD compl ...
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG promoter region contains a
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG promoter region contains a

... is in the correct orientation to promote expression of the luciferase gene. The 262 bp HindIII–SphI fragment of pK20 containing the katG upstream activator region (UAR) was cloned upstream of the PAN promoter in pLPan to form pLPuar. The structures of all the above constructs were confirmed by DNA s ...
bantam Encodes a Developmentally Regulated microRNA that
bantam Encodes a Developmentally Regulated microRNA that

... of sequences flanking the insertion site under control of the yeast transcription factor Gal4 (Rorth, 1996). Gal4dependent expression of the EP elements inserted at the bantam locus causes tissue overgrowth due to an increase in cell number. Conversely, flies homozygous for the bantam⌬1 deletion, wh ...
TCF11/Nrf1 overexpression increases the intracellular
TCF11/Nrf1 overexpression increases the intracellular

... The cells were transfected with a constant amount of the complete GCSh -luc reporter (0.5 Wg) together with 0.1 Wg or 0.5 Wg TCF11/Nrf1 expression plasmid or the same amount of the empty expression vector pcDNA3 per 35 mm culture well. Thirty-six to 40 h post transfection the luciferase activity in ...
Chromosome - World of Teaching
Chromosome - World of Teaching

... proteins containing a high proportion of basic aminoacids (arginine and lysine) that facilitate binding negatively charged DNA molecule . There are 5 major types of histones: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 – which are very similar among different sp of ...
IlllllllllllllIlllllllIllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
IlllllllllllllIlllllllIllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

... tose or glucose present in the cell. For example, in the BamHI to PstI fragment in the vector pTJ S260. Not all presence or absence of IPTG or lactose, a new protein the sequence of pTJS260 or of the 3' ?anking sequences band corresponding to the mass of B-galactosidase is of the toxin genes are ava ...
Adrenomedullin Gene Expression Is Developmentally Regulated and
Adrenomedullin Gene Expression Is Developmentally Regulated and

... The Adm peptide has been implicated as an important regulator in the renal and cardiovascular systems, where it has been observed to produce a dose-dependent increase in vasodilation (6, 7). The increased vasodilation was associated with a slight increase in glomerular filtration rate and natriuresi ...
Linköping University Post Print Segment-specific generation of Drosophila
Linköping University Post Print Segment-specific generation of Drosophila

... A common feature of most nervous systems is the appearance of unique neuronal subtypes only within certain segments. Studies have shown that this may result from several developmental mechanisms, the first of which is the segment-specific generation of unique sets of progenitor cells – for example, ...
no isthmus and pax2.1 in zebrafish tubulogenesis
no isthmus and pax2.1 in zebrafish tubulogenesis

... pax5 and pax8 genes have been grouped into a common subfamily based on their sequence similarity and expression pattern. pax2/pax5/pax8 members share in common the paired domain, an octapeptide motif, and a partial homeodomain. Mice homozygous for a null mutation in pax2 display severe defects in ge ...
shows altered stratification and cell polarity
shows altered stratification and cell polarity

... the molecular and genetic basis of SHFM-1. The developmental defect originates from misfunction and misorganization of the cells of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a specialized region of the ectoderm at the Dorsal–Ventral (Do–Ve) margin of the developing limb (13). Evidence has been collected th ...
Runx1 modulates developmental, but not injury
Runx1 modulates developmental, but not injury

... activation Previously we labeled infrequently dividing putative hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), in transgenic mice that expressed histone H2BGFP under the control of a keratin 5 (K5)-driven tetracyclineinducible system (Diamond et al., 2000; Tumbar et al., 2004). Microarray analyses of bulge expre ...
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the

... 3H). Taken together, our results show that there are two conserved RBPjk recognition sites in the Nodal promoter, and that both sites are required for perinodal expression of Nodal in the mouse embryo. One of the earliest determinants of LR establishment in the chick embryo is the left-sided express ...
Cilia are at the heart of vertebrate left–right asymmetry
Cilia are at the heart of vertebrate left–right asymmetry

... The first evidence for a function of node monocilia in initiating LR asymmetry came from study of mice with a mutation affecting KIF3B, an essential component of IFT. The KIF3B knockout mice have defective development of LR asymmetry, along with midegestational lethality and a complete absence of no ...
Competing Interests - Saudi Medical Journal
Competing Interests - Saudi Medical Journal

... Initially, PGD applications utilizing ...
Summary of Some Ideas - NYU Computer Science Department
Summary of Some Ideas - NYU Computer Science Department

... by a transcriptional activator/factor, which attaches to a promoter (a specific sequence adjacent to the gene). • Regulatory sequences such as silencers and enhancers control the rate of transcription ...
Mef2 gene expression marks the cardiac and skeletal muscle
Mef2 gene expression marks the cardiac and skeletal muscle

... transcribed from a mouse MEF2A cDNA that contains codons 120507 (J. Martin and E. Olson, unpublished data), cloned into the vector pAMP1 (Bethesda Research Laboratories). This mouse cDNA corresponds to nucleotides 774-1935 of the human sequence (Yu et al., 1992). Two probes, which gave identical in ...
Gene Section PAX8 (paired box 8) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section PAX8 (paired box 8) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... disrupt the pronounced gain of alpha helical PAX8 content that follows the interaction of PAX8 with DNA: they impair the unstructured to structured transition that occurs during DNA recognition (loss of "induced fit"). As a result of the mutations PAX8 protein cannot perform its role in activating t ...
KARNATAKA COMMON ENTRANCE TEST – MAY, 2016 BIOLOGY
KARNATAKA COMMON ENTRANCE TEST – MAY, 2016 BIOLOGY

... (A) Gametogenesis  insemination  fertilization  implantation  gestation  parturition (2) Gametogenesis  gestation  insemination  fertilization  implantation  parturition (3) Gestation  gametogenesis  insemination implantation  fertilization  parturition (4) Gametogenesis  insemination ...
Genetics of mammalian meiosis: regulation, dynamics and impact
Genetics of mammalian meiosis: regulation, dynamics and impact

... genetically programmed double-strand DNA breaks (induced by SPO11), which provide the substrate for recombination (the two chromatids of the upper homologue are depicted by a turquoise line, and the two chromatids of the lower homologue are depicted by a gold line). The breaks are recognized by homo ...
PHANTASTICA Regulates Development of the Adaxial Mesophyll in
PHANTASTICA Regulates Development of the Adaxial Mesophyll in

... To determine the patterns of expression for the PHAN ortholog in N. sylvestris (NSPHAN), we conducted in situ hybridizations with a digoxygenin-labeled antisense RNA probe specific to the C terminus and 39 untranslated region (UTR) (Figures 2A to 2C). Median longitudinal sections through the juvenil ...
BAM Receptors Regulate Stem Cell Specification and Organ
BAM Receptors Regulate Stem Cell Specification and Organ

... Despite the related sequences of the these receptors, several functional differences exist between CLV1 and BAM receptors (DeYoung et al. 2006). While CLV1 promotes stem cell differentiation, BAM receptors are required for stem cell maintenance. In bam1 bam2 double mutants, a reduction in meristem s ...
Note for Guidance on the Quality, Preclinical and Clinical
Note for Guidance on the Quality, Preclinical and Clinical

... The design of the gene transfer product forms an integral part of the rationale for the development of a gene transfer medicinal product. Information relating to the suitability of the vector system and of the delivery system should be provided. Data on the control and stability of gene expression s ...
TRIPTYCHON and CAPRICE mediate lateral inhibition during
TRIPTYCHON and CAPRICE mediate lateral inhibition during

... A partial overlap in the mechanisms controlling cell fate choice during root hair patterning and trichome patterning is assumed, as several genes function in both processes. In ttg1 and gl2 mutants, root hair differentiation and trichome differentiation are affected in opposite ways: root hair devel ...
The role of Pax-1 in axial skeleton development
The role of Pax-1 in axial skeleton development

... ventral halves of the somites. In morphological terms the events leading to axial skeleton formation have been extensively studied in several species, and are well described (Verbout, 1985; Christ and Wilting, 1992). The vertebral column is the most conspicuously segmented structure of the vertebrat ...
Anterior eye development and ocular mesenchyme: new insights
Anterior eye development and ocular mesenchyme: new insights

... humor, a clear fluid that is needed for nutrition of the lens and cornea, as both are avascular for optimal transparency. Upon secretion, aqueous humor enters the posterior chamber between iris and lens, and flows subsequently through the pupil into the anterior chamber between the cornea and iris. ...
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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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