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... CGG repeats (28,29). However, the length of CGG repeats on a particular allele in a differentiated cell derived from these carriers is generally mitotically stable although recent studies show that fully expanded FMR1 CGG repeats exhibit a lengthand differentiation-dependent instability in cell hybr ...
... CGG repeats (28,29). However, the length of CGG repeats on a particular allele in a differentiated cell derived from these carriers is generally mitotically stable although recent studies show that fully expanded FMR1 CGG repeats exhibit a lengthand differentiation-dependent instability in cell hybr ...
Article Mitochondrial DNA turnover occurs during preimplantation
... (GV) were isolated from ovaries, unfertilized eggs (UF) were collected 12 h after HCG injection, and fertilized eggs (FE), 2-, 4-, 8-cell and blastocyst stage embryos were collected after successful mating at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post-HCG (a–g). MtDNA copy number was measured in groups of embryos ...
... (GV) were isolated from ovaries, unfertilized eggs (UF) were collected 12 h after HCG injection, and fertilized eggs (FE), 2-, 4-, 8-cell and blastocyst stage embryos were collected after successful mating at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h post-HCG (a–g). MtDNA copy number was measured in groups of embryos ...
Control of the meiotic cell division program in plants | SpringerLink
... 2000). Nevertheless, dyad/swi1 show some similarities with am1 since alleles were described in which female, but remarkably not male meiosis shows mitotic-like divisions resulting from a failure to undergo synapsis followed by an equational division in which sister chromatids segregate. Male meiosis ...
... 2000). Nevertheless, dyad/swi1 show some similarities with am1 since alleles were described in which female, but remarkably not male meiosis shows mitotic-like divisions resulting from a failure to undergo synapsis followed by an equational division in which sister chromatids segregate. Male meiosis ...
asense is a Drosophila neural precursor gene and is
... ac is expressed in a subset of neuroblasts (Fig. 1D), the aseexpressing cells give rise to the entire first wave of segregating neuroblasts (SI) and most likely all of the second and third wave (SII and SIII) of neuroblasts as well (Fig. 1E,F). ase is also found in at least some of the ganglion moth ...
... ac is expressed in a subset of neuroblasts (Fig. 1D), the aseexpressing cells give rise to the entire first wave of segregating neuroblasts (SI) and most likely all of the second and third wave (SII and SIII) of neuroblasts as well (Fig. 1E,F). ase is also found in at least some of the ganglion moth ...
A pair of Sox: distinct and overlapping functions of
... A pair of Sox: distinct and overlapping functions of zebrafish sox9 co-orthologs in craniofacial and pectoral fin development Yi-Lin Yan1,*, John Willoughby1,2,*, Dong Liu1, Justin Gage Crump1, Catherine Wilson1, Craig T. Miller1,3, Amy Singer1, Charles Kimmel1, Monte Westerfield1 and John H. Postle ...
... A pair of Sox: distinct and overlapping functions of zebrafish sox9 co-orthologs in craniofacial and pectoral fin development Yi-Lin Yan1,*, John Willoughby1,2,*, Dong Liu1, Justin Gage Crump1, Catherine Wilson1, Craig T. Miller1,3, Amy Singer1, Charles Kimmel1, Monte Westerfield1 and John H. Postle ...
Termination of Stem Cell Maintenance in Arabidopsis Floral
... transgenic WUS copy as soon as the floral meristem represses the endogenous WUS gene. For this and all subsequent misexpression experiments, we used the pOpL two component system, where expression of a synthetic transcriptional activator, LhG4, is driven by a promotor of interest (Moore et al., 1998 ...
... transgenic WUS copy as soon as the floral meristem represses the endogenous WUS gene. For this and all subsequent misexpression experiments, we used the pOpL two component system, where expression of a synthetic transcriptional activator, LhG4, is driven by a promotor of interest (Moore et al., 1998 ...
Fkh5-deficient mice show dysgenesis in the caudal midbrain and
... Early embryonic Fkh5 expression is restricted to the mammillary body region of the caudal hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord. Postnatally, signals persist in specific nuclei of the mammillary body and in the midbrain. We generated Fkh5 deficient mice by homologous recombination to ass ...
... Early embryonic Fkh5 expression is restricted to the mammillary body region of the caudal hypothalamus, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord. Postnatally, signals persist in specific nuclei of the mammillary body and in the midbrain. We generated Fkh5 deficient mice by homologous recombination to ass ...
Structure, expression and chromosomal location of the Oct
... the relevant parental t-haplotypes. This lack of polymorphism was not unexpected because all t-haplotypes are generally believed to be descended from a single ancestral chromosome. Another approach to examine the relationship between Oct-4 and t 12 is to analyze the genomic structure and sequence of ...
... the relevant parental t-haplotypes. This lack of polymorphism was not unexpected because all t-haplotypes are generally believed to be descended from a single ancestral chromosome. Another approach to examine the relationship between Oct-4 and t 12 is to analyze the genomic structure and sequence of ...
Host-Plasmid Interactions in Saccharomyces
... Copy number of chimaeric plasmids in strains of drflerent ploidy The most plausible explanation for the observed increase in the stability of YRp7M with increasing ploidy is that its copy number increases proportionately, thus decreasing the probability of segregating plasmid-free cells in the absen ...
... Copy number of chimaeric plasmids in strains of drflerent ploidy The most plausible explanation for the observed increase in the stability of YRp7M with increasing ploidy is that its copy number increases proportionately, thus decreasing the probability of segregating plasmid-free cells in the absen ...
The Role of Six1 in the Genesis of Muscle Cell and Skeletal Muscle
... mice by replacing the conserved functional domains (HD and SD) regions of the Six1 gene using a homologous recombination approach. These Six1-/- transgenic mice die at birth due to extensive muscle hypoplasia and severe rib malformations [3]. Moreover, Six4 was also shown to play an important role i ...
... mice by replacing the conserved functional domains (HD and SD) regions of the Six1 gene using a homologous recombination approach. These Six1-/- transgenic mice die at birth due to extensive muscle hypoplasia and severe rib malformations [3]. Moreover, Six4 was also shown to play an important role i ...
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Receptors in Embryonic
... number of vascular growth factors and their receptors have been described. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are major contributors to normal mammalian vascular development. These receptors include VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and NRP2. The function o ...
... number of vascular growth factors and their receptors have been described. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are major contributors to normal mammalian vascular development. These receptors include VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and NRP2. The function o ...
The Coch gene controls the subsequent differentiation of pea axial
... within a pool of homeiotic genes including Uni, Coch, Tl and Af. Interactions of genes Uni and Coch determine stipule formation, whereas interactions of Uni, Tl, and Af determine the formation of leaflets and tendrils (4). In addition, Coch is strongly involved in flower morphogenesis (unlike genes ...
... within a pool of homeiotic genes including Uni, Coch, Tl and Af. Interactions of genes Uni and Coch determine stipule formation, whereas interactions of Uni, Tl, and Af determine the formation of leaflets and tendrils (4). In addition, Coch is strongly involved in flower morphogenesis (unlike genes ...
The Effects of Zygotic Lethal Mutations on Female Germ
... Many genetic loci that result in lethality when mutated may also have an essential role in oogenesis. The maternal effects of EMS-induced zygotic lethal mutations at 48 loci were examined using the dominant female-sterile technique. Three categories of effects were found. In the first group (13 out ...
... Many genetic loci that result in lethality when mutated may also have an essential role in oogenesis. The maternal effects of EMS-induced zygotic lethal mutations at 48 loci were examined using the dominant female-sterile technique. Three categories of effects were found. In the first group (13 out ...
Genetic Control of Seed Shattering in Rice by the
... crossing indicated they were nonallelic mutants. In addition, shat1 was also not allelic to the known shattering genes sh4 and qSH1. As the crook-neck-like rachilla was a typical and visible phenotype resulting from loss of AZ for the shat1 mutant, we therefore adopted it as a standard shat1 phenoty ...
... crossing indicated they were nonallelic mutants. In addition, shat1 was also not allelic to the known shattering genes sh4 and qSH1. As the crook-neck-like rachilla was a typical and visible phenotype resulting from loss of AZ for the shat1 mutant, we therefore adopted it as a standard shat1 phenoty ...
Biotechnology Timeline
... A vaccine against the human papillomavirus, which causes cancer of the cervix, receives FDA approval. The vaccine is made via recombinant DNA technology by inserting of the viral genes into the DNA of baker’s yeast. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grants Dow AgroSciences the first regulato ...
... A vaccine against the human papillomavirus, which causes cancer of the cervix, receives FDA approval. The vaccine is made via recombinant DNA technology by inserting of the viral genes into the DNA of baker’s yeast. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grants Dow AgroSciences the first regulato ...
Genetic control of cellularisation
... cellularisation is complete at the micropylar pole around the embryo but the PEN remains syncytial (Fig. 1A, 0 minutes; MCE shown only in supplementary material). At this point the NCDs remain unchanged for an extended period, without any signs of cell wall formation or division. In the data present ...
... cellularisation is complete at the micropylar pole around the embryo but the PEN remains syncytial (Fig. 1A, 0 minutes; MCE shown only in supplementary material). At this point the NCDs remain unchanged for an extended period, without any signs of cell wall formation or division. In the data present ...
The development of apical embryonic pattern in Arabidopsis
... regions of the presumptive SAM express detectable levels of STM not migrate, the cells in the valleys where the cotyledons meet mRNA, but the central region does not. By the early heart stage must derive from the EPR. In agreement with this, the bases of of embryogenesis, expression has spread and i ...
... regions of the presumptive SAM express detectable levels of STM not migrate, the cells in the valleys where the cotyledons meet mRNA, but the central region does not. By the early heart stage must derive from the EPR. In agreement with this, the bases of of embryogenesis, expression has spread and i ...
Expression of floricaula in single cell layers of
... To investigate this possibility on a molecular level, it is important to know the expression pattern of the gene under study, both in wild type and in the chimeras. For example, is the gene normally expressed in one layer or in several, and is its expression pattern within a layer altered in the chi ...
... To investigate this possibility on a molecular level, it is important to know the expression pattern of the gene under study, both in wild type and in the chimeras. For example, is the gene normally expressed in one layer or in several, and is its expression pattern within a layer altered in the chi ...
Altered cellular proliferation and mesoderm
... expand in vitro of several cell types including lymphocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, M33 null mutant mice show an aggravation of the skeletal malformations when treated to RA at embryonic day 7.5, leading to the hypothesis that, during development, the M33 gene might play a role in defining acc ...
... expand in vitro of several cell types including lymphocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, M33 null mutant mice show an aggravation of the skeletal malformations when treated to RA at embryonic day 7.5, leading to the hypothesis that, during development, the M33 gene might play a role in defining acc ...
Involvement of Pax6 and Otx2 in the forebrain
... In this study, we describe the involvement of the homeodomain containing transcription factors Otx2 and Pax6 in ANF gene regulation. Otx2 is known for its specific function as a transcriptional regulator during forebrain and midbrain development in vertebrates (Boncinelli and Morgan, 2001). In all e ...
... In this study, we describe the involvement of the homeodomain containing transcription factors Otx2 and Pax6 in ANF gene regulation. Otx2 is known for its specific function as a transcriptional regulator during forebrain and midbrain development in vertebrates (Boncinelli and Morgan, 2001). In all e ...
VegT activates Bix4 to specify endodermal
... upstream regulatory region. Two T-box binding sites contained within the Bix4 promoter prove to be both necessary and sufficient for mesodermal and endodermal expression of reporter genes in transgenic Xenopus embryos and, remarkably, a single T-box binding site is able to act as a mesoderm-specific ...
... upstream regulatory region. Two T-box binding sites contained within the Bix4 promoter prove to be both necessary and sufficient for mesodermal and endodermal expression of reporter genes in transgenic Xenopus embryos and, remarkably, a single T-box binding site is able to act as a mesoderm-specific ...
PDF 743ko
... Maternal determinants: Maternal determinants are factors (mRNAs, proteins or their complexes) inherited from the oocyte which direct axis formation and/or the differentiation of tissues in the embryo. When maternal determinants are inhibited or removed, axis formation or development are abnormal. Wh ...
... Maternal determinants: Maternal determinants are factors (mRNAs, proteins or their complexes) inherited from the oocyte which direct axis formation and/or the differentiation of tissues in the embryo. When maternal determinants are inhibited or removed, axis formation or development are abnormal. Wh ...
... activation of the paternal Kcnq1 allele was accompanied by an increase in total Kcnq1 RNA abundance, quantitative (q)PCR on total RNAs from these stages was performed. Whereas the transition from monoallelic to biallelic expression is expected to double RNA abundance, the total cellular RNA levels i ...
the development and evolution of craniofacial muscles
... expression, delineate the CM into prechordal, cranial paraxial and cranial lateral mesoderm (see Glossary, Box 1). When the neural tube closes dorsally and the endoderm ventrally (HH8-10 in chick and E8.5-9.0 in mouse), the position and boundaries of the tissues alter. Prechordal mesoderm (PCM, see ...
... expression, delineate the CM into prechordal, cranial paraxial and cranial lateral mesoderm (see Glossary, Box 1). When the neural tube closes dorsally and the endoderm ventrally (HH8-10 in chick and E8.5-9.0 in mouse), the position and boundaries of the tissues alter. Prechordal mesoderm (PCM, see ...
Leaf shape: genetic controls and environmental factors
... include 21 members of the DEVIL family (Wen et al., 2004). As the RTFL genes are short (ROT4 encodes 53 amino acids and has no intron), most members, including ROT4 itself, are non-annotated. All members of the RTFL family contain a conserved 29-amino acid domain, called the RTF domain and the overe ...
... include 21 members of the DEVIL family (Wen et al., 2004). As the RTFL genes are short (ROT4 encodes 53 amino acids and has no intron), most members, including ROT4 itself, are non-annotated. All members of the RTFL family contain a conserved 29-amino acid domain, called the RTF domain and the overe ...