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Science at the heart of medicine  Eric Bouhassira, Ph.D.
Science at the heart of medicine Eric Bouhassira, Ph.D.

... Dr. Bouhassira obtained his Ph.D. in 1989 from the University of Paris and has spent most of his career at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where he is now the Ingeborg and Ira Leon Rennert Professor of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in the departments of medicine and of cell biolog ...
Binary Switches in Gene Expression: The Histone Code
Binary Switches in Gene Expression: The Histone Code

... Misregulation of the “on” and “off” dynamics of histone modifications can lead to diseases such as cancer. Histone acetylation and methylation prevent DNA from coiling tightly, allowing associated genes to be expressed. The opposite processes, deacetylation and demethylation, allow the DNA to coil t ...
Dual function of histone H3K76 methylation in cell cycle regulation
Dual function of histone H3K76 methylation in cell cycle regulation

... structure with an emphasis on posttranslational histone modifications (PTMs) and the enzymes that are responsible for them. After dissecting the repertoire of PTMs in two life cycle stages in trypanosomes, we focused on methylation of histone H3 on lysine 76 in the histone core, which is mediated by ...
Regulation and Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Normal
Regulation and Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Normal

... Aberrant changes of DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin compartments are commonly associated with the progression of human cancers. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is the most well categorised epigenetic change to occur in tumours. Many CpG islands associated with transcription of a ...
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Cell Specialization and Control of Gene Expression Web Quest

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Epigenetics - Louisiana State University
Epigenetics - Louisiana State University

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Debbie Spector

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Name: Date: Class Period: Video questions: Video 1: Gene
Name: Date: Class Period: Video questions: Video 1: Gene

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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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