Regulation of Ovule Development
... development, as shown by double mutant analysis with LEUNIG (LUG), a putative transcriptional corepressor (Conner and Liu, 2000). lug and ant mutants both have weak effects on marginal tissue formation, but double mutants show a strong synergistic phenotype: total loss of septum, placentas, and ovul ...
... development, as shown by double mutant analysis with LEUNIG (LUG), a putative transcriptional corepressor (Conner and Liu, 2000). lug and ant mutants both have weak effects on marginal tissue formation, but double mutants show a strong synergistic phenotype: total loss of septum, placentas, and ovul ...
Left-right axis asymmetry determining human Cryptic gene is
... interestingly, have been reported to be involved in abnormalities with the L-R axis specifications in mice [7, 8]. Indirect evidences like (i) overlapping temporal expression during early (pre-somite) stages of mouse embryogenesis (ii) similarity in the phenotypes of the respective mutants and (iii) ...
... interestingly, have been reported to be involved in abnormalities with the L-R axis specifications in mice [7, 8]. Indirect evidences like (i) overlapping temporal expression during early (pre-somite) stages of mouse embryogenesis (ii) similarity in the phenotypes of the respective mutants and (iii) ...
Methods of Human Heredity Study
... DNA. DNA is the most important of chemical components of chromatin, since it plays the central role of controlling heredity. Quantitative measurements of DNA have been made in a large number of cases, which are reviewed by H.Rees and R.N.Jones in 1972. The most convenient measurement of DNA is picog ...
... DNA. DNA is the most important of chemical components of chromatin, since it plays the central role of controlling heredity. Quantitative measurements of DNA have been made in a large number of cases, which are reviewed by H.Rees and R.N.Jones in 1972. The most convenient measurement of DNA is picog ...
Endoderm development in vertebrates: fate mapping
... as assessed by the early endoderm marker genes sox17, a high-mobility-group (HMG) transcription factor gene (Alexander & Stainier 1999) and foxA2, a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor gene (formerly known as axial (Strähle et al. 1993)) (Kikuchi et al. 2000; Reiter et al. 2001). These geneti ...
... as assessed by the early endoderm marker genes sox17, a high-mobility-group (HMG) transcription factor gene (Alexander & Stainier 1999) and foxA2, a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor gene (formerly known as axial (Strähle et al. 1993)) (Kikuchi et al. 2000; Reiter et al. 2001). These geneti ...
Lecture 4
... Maternal Rescue Hide an essential role for a gene in embryonic pattern formation. Pure zygotic screens may miss important functions. ...
... Maternal Rescue Hide an essential role for a gene in embryonic pattern formation. Pure zygotic screens may miss important functions. ...
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling is required for early dorso
... severely reduced in the DN-IGF-1R injected embryos (Fig. 2D). Expression of Rx3, a retinal homeobox gene, is detected at 10 hpf in the anterior-most neural plate which gives rise to the forebrain and retinal tissues (Chuang et al., 1999; Fig. 2E). 30% of embryos injected with the DN-IGF-1R mRNA (n = ...
... severely reduced in the DN-IGF-1R injected embryos (Fig. 2D). Expression of Rx3, a retinal homeobox gene, is detected at 10 hpf in the anterior-most neural plate which gives rise to the forebrain and retinal tissues (Chuang et al., 1999; Fig. 2E). 30% of embryos injected with the DN-IGF-1R mRNA (n = ...
Head induction in the chick - Max-Planck
... node/mesendoderm, the definitive cause of these defects remained unclear. Several other experiments have addressed the role of the visceral endoderm more directly. Chimeric mouse embryos composed predominantly of wild-type cells, but entirely of Nodal−/− or Otx2−/− cells in the visceral endoderm, di ...
... node/mesendoderm, the definitive cause of these defects remained unclear. Several other experiments have addressed the role of the visceral endoderm more directly. Chimeric mouse embryos composed predominantly of wild-type cells, but entirely of Nodal−/− or Otx2−/− cells in the visceral endoderm, di ...
ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6 Regulates Female Meiosis By
... expression of meiotic genes, particularly those involved in meiotic recombination, including DMC1 (DISRUPTED MEIOTIC cDNA1). Analysis of DMC1 expression in arp6 mutant plants indicated that ARP6 inhibits expression of DMC1 in the megasporocyte and surrounding nonsporogeneous ovule cells before meios ...
... expression of meiotic genes, particularly those involved in meiotic recombination, including DMC1 (DISRUPTED MEIOTIC cDNA1). Analysis of DMC1 expression in arp6 mutant plants indicated that ARP6 inhibits expression of DMC1 in the megasporocyte and surrounding nonsporogeneous ovule cells before meios ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... longer transduce mechano-sensory signals. In fact, in viable mice with Kit mutations, there often are asymmetries between left and right ears, and ears containing pigment cells in their stria display an endocochlear potential, whereas ears lacking strial pigmentation do not (7,8). In addition, in hu ...
... longer transduce mechano-sensory signals. In fact, in viable mice with Kit mutations, there often are asymmetries between left and right ears, and ears containing pigment cells in their stria display an endocochlear potential, whereas ears lacking strial pigmentation do not (7,8). In addition, in hu ...
CONSERVATION AND DIVERGENCE IN MOLECULAR
... in 100). Upon mutation, 12 genes show maternal-effect dorsoventral patterning defects in the embryo, but have normal eggshell patterning (5, 21, 152). These genes are (in putative order of action within the pathway) windbeutel, pipe, nudel, gastrulation defective, snake, easter, spätzle, Toll, pell ...
... in 100). Upon mutation, 12 genes show maternal-effect dorsoventral patterning defects in the embryo, but have normal eggshell patterning (5, 21, 152). These genes are (in putative order of action within the pathway) windbeutel, pipe, nudel, gastrulation defective, snake, easter, spätzle, Toll, pell ...
Control of Cleavage Cycles in Drosophila Embryos by fru¨ hstart
... (Boveri, 1902). According to a model discussed by Newport and Kirschner (1982), chromosomes titrate a cytoplasmic factor that represses the transition until its level reaches a critical value. The molecular nature of this control mechanism remains largely unclear, but the ratelimiting cytoplasmic fa ...
... (Boveri, 1902). According to a model discussed by Newport and Kirschner (1982), chromosomes titrate a cytoplasmic factor that represses the transition until its level reaches a critical value. The molecular nature of this control mechanism remains largely unclear, but the ratelimiting cytoplasmic fa ...
No Slide Title
... • Imprinted genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited through the maternal or paternal parent. ...
... • Imprinted genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited through the maternal or paternal parent. ...
The Epigenetic Pathways to Ribosomal DNA Silencing
... throughout the cell cycle. At sites of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) heterochromatin, epigenetic states contribute to gene silencing and genome stability, which are required for proper chromosome segregation and a normal life span. Here, we focus on recent advances in the epigenetic regulation of rDNA silenc ...
... throughout the cell cycle. At sites of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) heterochromatin, epigenetic states contribute to gene silencing and genome stability, which are required for proper chromosome segregation and a normal life span. Here, we focus on recent advances in the epigenetic regulation of rDNA silenc ...
Hox Targets and Cellular Functions
... the first work [54], the authors found 2 genes differentially expressed in T1 and T3 leg discs, 12 when comparing T2 and T3 discs and 17 in T1 and T2 discs. In the second study [61], the authors focused their analysis on the genes specifically expressed in the T1 leg disc. This disc, the only one re ...
... the first work [54], the authors found 2 genes differentially expressed in T1 and T3 leg discs, 12 when comparing T2 and T3 discs and 17 in T1 and T2 discs. In the second study [61], the authors focused their analysis on the genes specifically expressed in the T1 leg disc. This disc, the only one re ...
PDF
... Proper patterning of the apical region of the globular embryo requires the activity of members of the HD-Zip III protein family (Emery et al., 2003; Prigge et al., 2005). This family consists of five genes – PHB, PHV, REV, ATHB8 and ATHB15 [also known as CORONA (CNA) and INCURVATA 4 (ICU4)] – all pr ...
... Proper patterning of the apical region of the globular embryo requires the activity of members of the HD-Zip III protein family (Emery et al., 2003; Prigge et al., 2005). This family consists of five genes – PHB, PHV, REV, ATHB8 and ATHB15 [also known as CORONA (CNA) and INCURVATA 4 (ICU4)] – all pr ...
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... which therefore completely lack wild-type Utx protein (see below). The majority of Utx∆ mat+ zyg– animals develop into adults that are morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type flies, but die within a day after eclosion from the pupal case (Fig. 1C). Previous studies reported that animals hom ...
... which therefore completely lack wild-type Utx protein (see below). The majority of Utx∆ mat+ zyg– animals develop into adults that are morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type flies, but die within a day after eclosion from the pupal case (Fig. 1C). Previous studies reported that animals hom ...
IMPROVE SMALL RNA-MEDIATED GENE SILENCING
... flowers were obtained instead of dark purple flowers. Somehow both the introduced and endogenous forms of the CHS gene were silenced by the transgene and this phenomenon was then termed as “co-suppression” (Napoli et al. 1990). Similar observations have also been reported for plants engineered to ex ...
... flowers were obtained instead of dark purple flowers. Somehow both the introduced and endogenous forms of the CHS gene were silenced by the transgene and this phenomenon was then termed as “co-suppression” (Napoli et al. 1990). Similar observations have also been reported for plants engineered to ex ...
Confrontation of scabrous expressing and non
... the eye disc have not yet been characterized. Nevertheless, it is thought that at least part of the region known as the morphogenetic furrow (MF; reviewed by Tomlinson, 1988; Ready, 1989) has the properties of a neurogenic region, since reduction in the activity of the neurogenic locus Notch in the ...
... the eye disc have not yet been characterized. Nevertheless, it is thought that at least part of the region known as the morphogenetic furrow (MF; reviewed by Tomlinson, 1988; Ready, 1989) has the properties of a neurogenic region, since reduction in the activity of the neurogenic locus Notch in the ...
Epigenetics for behavioral ecologists
... change in genome-wide methylation polymorphisms compared with genetically identical controls, and some of the environmentally induced epigenetic modifications persisted across generations (Verhoeven et al. 2010). In addition to genome-wide studies of methylation changes, the study of “epialleles”—al ...
... change in genome-wide methylation polymorphisms compared with genetically identical controls, and some of the environmentally induced epigenetic modifications persisted across generations (Verhoeven et al. 2010). In addition to genome-wide studies of methylation changes, the study of “epialleles”—al ...
Visualizing expression patterns of Shh and Foxf1 genes
... 9]. Homozygous Shh mutant mouse embryos are characterized by a number of development defects; especially in the respiratory tract that include failure of the trachea to develop as a separate structure from the oesophagus [8, 10]. In Adriamycin treated rats, the level of Shh protein expression is ver ...
... 9]. Homozygous Shh mutant mouse embryos are characterized by a number of development defects; especially in the respiratory tract that include failure of the trachea to develop as a separate structure from the oesophagus [8, 10]. In Adriamycin treated rats, the level of Shh protein expression is ver ...
RT-PCR Analysis - Shiu Lab - Michigan State University
... In addition to tandem duplications, it has been shown that the Arabidopsis genome is the product of several rounds of polyploidization or whole-genome duplications (17,19, 20). To determine the contribution of these large-scale duplications, we mapped Arabidopsis PGs to the duplicated blocks establ ...
... In addition to tandem duplications, it has been shown that the Arabidopsis genome is the product of several rounds of polyploidization or whole-genome duplications (17,19, 20). To determine the contribution of these large-scale duplications, we mapped Arabidopsis PGs to the duplicated blocks establ ...
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... epithelial disruption. Histological examination of these cultures revealed that the region of discontinuity contained only cellular debris or cells with pycnotic nuclei (as in Fig. 11). Oral and nasal epithelial differentiation was similar to that described for 13- and 14-day palatal epithelium cult ...
... epithelial disruption. Histological examination of these cultures revealed that the region of discontinuity contained only cellular debris or cells with pycnotic nuclei (as in Fig. 11). Oral and nasal epithelial differentiation was similar to that described for 13- and 14-day palatal epithelium cult ...
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... maintain cell identity (Papp and Müller, 2006; Schuettengruber et al., 2007) in both, animals [reviewed in Schwartz and Pirrotta (2008)] and plants [reviewed in Köhler and Villar (2008)]. PcG proteins form distinct complexes, like Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), involved in H3K27 trimethylatio ...
... maintain cell identity (Papp and Müller, 2006; Schuettengruber et al., 2007) in both, animals [reviewed in Schwartz and Pirrotta (2008)] and plants [reviewed in Köhler and Villar (2008)]. PcG proteins form distinct complexes, like Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), involved in H3K27 trimethylatio ...
REVIEWS
... In Drososphila embryos, snail is initially expressed in the prospective mesoderm38 (FIG. 3), where it acts as a repressor to inhibit the expression of neuroectodermal genes such as rhomboid 39 and single-minded 40. So, in Drosophila, mesoderm specification is partly carried out by the exclusion of a ...
... In Drososphila embryos, snail is initially expressed in the prospective mesoderm38 (FIG. 3), where it acts as a repressor to inhibit the expression of neuroectodermal genes such as rhomboid 39 and single-minded 40. So, in Drosophila, mesoderm specification is partly carried out by the exclusion of a ...
Pultz, M. A., and Baker, B. S.
... (tra) to doublesex (dsx) (for reviews, see Baker, 1989; Steinmann-Zwicky et al, 1990; Belote, 1992; Mattox et al., 1992; McKeown and Madigan, 1992). First, Sxl regulates tra at the level of RNA splicing, generating a female-specific protein-coding tra mRNA. Then tra protein collaborates with transfo ...
... (tra) to doublesex (dsx) (for reviews, see Baker, 1989; Steinmann-Zwicky et al, 1990; Belote, 1992; Mattox et al., 1992; McKeown and Madigan, 1992). First, Sxl regulates tra at the level of RNA splicing, generating a female-specific protein-coding tra mRNA. Then tra protein collaborates with transfo ...