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Part 1B: Understanding Biochemical Testing for Bacterial
Part 1B: Understanding Biochemical Testing for Bacterial

... 2. Since DNA codes for protein synthesis, then different species of bacteria must, by way of their unique DNA, be able to synthesize different protein enzymes. 3. Enzymes catalyze all the various chemical reactions of which the organism is capable. This in turn means that different species of bacter ...
Targeting the organism: present and future
Targeting the organism: present and future

... – Isocitrate lyase ...
01 - Denton ISD
01 - Denton ISD

... ii. The ribosome forms a peptide bond between the amino acids. It breaks the bond between the first amino acid and tRNA. iii. An exposed codon attracts a complementary tRNA bearing an amino acid. ...
Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Modern Biology Textbook Holt
Chapter 3 Chemistry of Life Modern Biology Textbook Holt

... C-H-O-N • Proteins have many functions including structural-muscle fibercollagen-keratin, defensiveantibodies, and catalytic rolesenzymes. • Found in ...
Lecture 6
Lecture 6

... Most of these carriers are small parts of the molecules that are transferable, the rest of bulk group facilitating the recognition of the carrier molecule by specific enzymes. ...
Compounds for Life
Compounds for Life

James Bond Cellular Spy - UNC
James Bond Cellular Spy - UNC

... The students will be working in groups. Begin this activity by addressing the students as cellular spies; tell them their mission is to secretly crack a DNA code. Each group will approach “M”(the teacher) to receive their specific “mission” or assignment, which is to crack a specific code (see codes ...
Beta sheets are twisted
Beta sheets are twisted

... C6 zinc finger. It has the consensus sequence CX2CX6CX56CX2CX6C. The yeast's Gal4 contains such a motif where six cysteine residues interact with two zinc ions ...
Clicker game ?`s
Clicker game ?`s

... A cyclic phosphorylation B non cyclic phosphorylation C ATP synthase coupling D Calvin cycle E acetyl CoA formation 5 The P680 chlorophyll has its "holes" filled by electrons from A RuBP B Photosystem I C water D NADPH E NADH 6 Which steps in cellular respiration make the most ATP? A glycolysis B Kr ...
video slide - Blue Valley Schools
video slide - Blue Valley Schools

... Fatty acids vary in length (number of carbons) and in the number and locations of double bonds.  Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds (straight chains – solids at room temperature).  Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds (ben ...
Schedule
Schedule

... Only C allele will allow colour expression. Then only P allele will convert / make to purple / pigment. In this case for all purple seeds to be produced by a white-seeded and red-seeded plant, there must have been two dominant alleles present for each of C and P genes. This is an example of a gene i ...
Judgement Statement – 2012
Judgement Statement – 2012

... Dominant C allele required to convert colourless precursor into pigmented intermediate. Dominant P allele required to convert pigment into purple. If P allele is not present / mutant / recessive, red only will be expressed. If c / recessive allele is present / C allele is absent, no colour will be e ...
In Anfinsen`s experiment, RNAse was denatured with urea and β
In Anfinsen`s experiment, RNAse was denatured with urea and β

... Emperor penguins can remain submerged for up to 18 minutes, diving to a depth of 535 m. What does the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve look like for an emperor penguin compared to the domestic duck? a. The same. The birds have no difference in O2 binding affinity. b. The dissociation curve is sh ...
Part 1 - ISpatula
Part 1 - ISpatula

... - Natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times - Clay tablets of the Babylonian, Assyrian, and Sumerian eras dated 2600 - 4000 BC are thought to be the earliest recordings of plant usage as herbal remedies - Egyptians also had many ...
amino acids I-09 - ChemConnections
amino acids I-09 - ChemConnections

... Acid-Base Properties of Glycine The measured pKa of glycine is 2.34. Glycine is stronger than a typical carboxylic acid because the positively charged N acts as an electron-withdrawing, acid-strengthening substituent on the α carbon. ...
Amino Acids
Amino Acids

... Most are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts Holoenzymes consist of an apoenzyme (protein) and a cofactor (usually an ion) Enzymes are chemically specific ...
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480
An overview of biochemistry for bioCHEM480

... Five  processes  are  required:   (1)  conversion  of  nutrients  in  the  diet  into  useable  compounds,     (2)  oxidation  of  energy-­‐rich  metabolites  (see  section  6  page  8),   (3)  storage  and  subsequent  mobilization  of ...
macromolecule packet
macromolecule packet

... The most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon. Carbon has ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... building blocks), called amino acids. • A protein consists of 50 or more amino acids. • Every protein is synthesised in accordance with instructions contained in DNA • The new proteins will have structural and functional roles in cells. ...
Document
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... 25.18: Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: The Merrifield Method. Peptides and proteins up to ~ 100 residues long are synthesized on a solid, insoluble, polymer support. Purification is conveniently accomplished after each step by a simple wash and filtration. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI

... Snake venom does not cause disruption of cell membrane. Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to concentration of the solute in solution. β – Oxidation of fatty acids takes place at the cytosol. Acute liver damage shows high level of alkaline phosphatase. Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the ...
Chemical Basis of Life
Chemical Basis of Life

... • Wide range of functions: ...
Levels of protein structure:
Levels of protein structure:

... Strictly from a nutritional point of view, proteins in their native (properly folded) state versus denatured ones have equal nutritional value. But inside living organisms proteins that are not properly folded into their native shape do not function properly. Thus, the term protein may be reserved i ...
Protein Nucleic Acids - Sewanhaka Central High School District
Protein Nucleic Acids - Sewanhaka Central High School District

... • The most likely result of mixing both enzymes with their substrates in a single test tube is that: • A- only gastric protease would be active if the pH of the mixture was basic • B- gastric protease would be more active than intestinal protease at pH 6 • C-both enzymes would exhibit some activity ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... • Happens at a ribosome • tRNAs do all the work • The final product is a strand of amino acids that fold into the protein! ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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